mount_setattr.2: Minor tweaks to Christian's patch

[man-pages.git] / man3 / getauxval.3

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.TH GETAUXVAL 3  2021-03-22 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
getauxval \- retrieve a value from the auxiliary vector
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <sys/auxv.h>
.PP
.BI "unsigned long getauxval(unsigned long " type );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The
.BR getauxval ()
function retrieves values from the auxiliary vector,
a mechanism that the kernel's ELF binary loader
uses to pass certain information to
user space when a program is executed.
.PP
Each entry in the auxiliary vector consists of a pair of values:
a type that identifies what this entry represents,
and a value for that type.
Given the argument
.IR type ,
.BR getauxval ()
returns the corresponding value.
.PP
The value returned for each
.I type
is given in the following list.
Not all
.I type
values are present on all architectures.
.TP
.BR AT_BASE
The base address of the program interpreter (usually, the dynamic linker).
.TP
.BR AT_BASE_PLATFORM
A pointer to a string (PowerPC and MIPS only).
On PowerPC, this identifies the real platform; may differ from
.BR AT_PLATFORM "."
On MIPS,
.\" commit e585b768da111f2c2d413de6214e83bbdfee8f22
this identifies the ISA level (since Linux 5.7).
.TP
.BR AT_CLKTCK
The frequency with which
.BR times (2)
counts.
This value can also be obtained via
.IR sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK) .
.TP
.BR AT_DCACHEBSIZE
The data cache block size.
.TP
.BR AT_EGID
The effective group ID of the thread.
.TP
.BR AT_ENTRY
The entry address of the executable.
.TP
.BR AT_EUID
The effective user ID of the thread.
.TP
.BR AT_EXECFD
File descriptor of program.
.TP
.BR AT_EXECFN
A pointer to a string containing the pathname used to execute the program.
.TP
.BR AT_FLAGS
Flags (unused).
.TP
.BR AT_FPUCW
Used FPU control word (SuperH architecture only).
This gives some information about the FPU initialization
performed by the kernel.
.TP
.BR AT_GID
The real group ID of the thread.
.TP
.BR AT_HWCAP
An architecture and ABI dependent bit-mask whose settings
indicate detailed processor capabilities.
The contents of the bit mask are hardware dependent
(for example, see the kernel source file
.IR arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h
for details relating to the Intel x86 architecture; the value
returned is the first 32-bit word of the array described there).
A human-readable version of the same information is available via
.IR /proc/cpuinfo .
.TP
.BR AT_HWCAP2 " (since glibc 2.18)"
Further machine-dependent hints about processor capabilities.
.TP
.BR AT_ICACHEBSIZE
The instruction cache block size.
.\" .TP
.\" .BR AT_IGNORE
.\" .TP
.\" .BR AT_IGNOREPPC
.\" .TP
.\" .BR AT_NOTELF
.TP
.\" Kernel commit 98a5f361b8625c6f4841d6ba013bbf0e80d08147
.BR AT_L1D_CACHEGEOMETRY
Geometry of the L1 data cache, encoded with the cache line size in bytes
in the bottom 16 bits and the cache associativity in the next 16 bits.
The associativity is such that if N is the 16-bit value,
the cache is N-way set associative.
.TP
.BR AT_L1D_CACHESIZE
The L1 data cache size.
.TP
.BR AT_L1I_CACHEGEOMETRY
Geometry of the L1 instruction cache, encoded as for
.BR AT_L1D_CACHEGEOMETRY .
.TP
.BR AT_L1I_CACHESIZE
The L1 instruction cache size.
.TP
.BR AT_L2_CACHEGEOMETRY
Geometry of the L2 cache, encoded as for
.BR AT_L1D_CACHEGEOMETRY .
.TP
.BR AT_L2_CACHESIZE
The L2 cache size.
.TP
.BR AT_L3_CACHEGEOMETRY
Geometry of the L3 cache, encoded as for
.BR AT_L1D_CACHEGEOMETRY .
.TP
.BR AT_L3_CACHESIZE
The L3 cache size.
.TP
.BR AT_PAGESZ
The system page size (the same value returned by
.IR sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) ).
.TP
.BR AT_PHDR
The address of the program headers of the executable.
.TP
.BR AT_PHENT
The size of program header entry.
.TP
.BR AT_PHNUM
The number of program headers.
.TP
.BR AT_PLATFORM
A pointer to a string that identifies the hardware platform
that the program is running on.
The dynamic linker uses this in the interpretation of
.IR rpath
values.
.TP
.BR AT_RANDOM
The address of sixteen bytes containing a random value.
.TP
.BR AT_SECURE
Has a nonzero value if this executable should be treated securely.
Most commonly, a nonzero value indicates that the process is
executing a set-user-ID or set-group-ID binary
(so that its real and effective UIDs or GIDs differ from one another),
or that it gained capabilities by executing
a binary file that has capabilities (see
.BR capabilities (7)).
Alternatively,
a nonzero value may be triggered by a Linux Security Module.
When this value is nonzero,
the dynamic linker disables the use of certain environment variables (see
.BR ld\-linux.so (8))
and glibc changes other aspects of its behavior.
(See also
.BR secure_getenv (3).)
.TP
.BR AT_SYSINFO
The entry point to the system call function in the vDSO.
Not present/needed on all architectures (e.g., absent on x86-64).
.TP
.BR AT_SYSINFO_EHDR
The address of a page containing the virtual Dynamic Shared Object (vDSO)
that the kernel creates in order to provide fast implementations of
certain system calls.
.TP
.BR AT_UCACHEBSIZE
The unified cache block size.
.TP
.BR AT_UID
The real user ID of the thread.
.SH RETURN VALUE
On success,
.BR getauxval ()
returns the value corresponding to
.IR type .
If
.I type
is not found, 0 is returned.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.BR ENOENT " (since glibc 2.19)"
.\" commit b9ab448f980e296eac21ac65f53783967cc6037b
No entry corresponding to
.IR type
could be found in the auxiliary vector.
.SH VERSIONS
The
.BR getauxval ()
function was added to glibc in version 2.16.
.SH ATTRIBUTES
For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
.BR attributes (7).
.ad l
.nh
.TS
allbox;
lbx lb lb
l l l.
Interface       Attribute       Value
T{
.BR getauxval ()
T}      Thread safety   MT-Safe
.TE
.hy
.ad
.sp 1
.SH CONFORMING TO
This function is a nonstandard glibc extension.
.SH NOTES
The primary consumer of the information in the auxiliary vector
is the dynamic linker,
.BR ld\-linux.so (8).
The auxiliary vector is a convenient and efficient shortcut
that allows the kernel to communicate a certain set of standard
information that the dynamic linker usually or always needs.
In some cases, the same information could be obtained by system calls,
but using the auxiliary vector is cheaper.
.PP
The auxiliary vector resides just above the argument list and
environment in the process address space.
The auxiliary vector supplied to a program can be viewed by setting the
.B LD_SHOW_AUXV
environment variable when running a program:
.PP
.in +4n
.EX
$ LD_SHOW_AUXV=1 sleep 1
.EE
.in
.PP
The auxiliary vector of any process can (subject to file permissions)
be obtained via
.IR /proc/[pid]/auxv ;
see
.BR proc (5)
for more information.
.SH BUGS
Before the addition of the
.B ENOENT
error in glibc 2.19,
there was no way to unambiguously distinguish the case where
.I type
could not be found from the case where the value corresponding to
.I type
was zero.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR execve (2),
.BR secure_getenv (3),
.BR vdso (7),
.BR ld\-linux.so (8)