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35 .\" $Id: listen.2,v 1.6 1999/05/18 14:10:32 freitag Exp $
37 .\" Modified Fri Jul 23 22:07:54 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
38 .\" Modified 950727 by aeb, following a suggestion by Urs Thuermann
39 .\" <urs@isnogud.escape.de>
40 .\" Modified Tue Oct 22 08:11:14 EDT 1996 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
41 .\" Modified 1998 by Andi Kleen
42 .\" Modified 11 May 2001 by Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
45 .TH LISTEN 2 2021-03-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
47 listen \- listen for connections on a socket
50 .B #include <sys/socket.h>
52 .BI "int listen(int " sockfd ", int " backlog );
56 marks the socket referred to by
58 as a passive socket, that is, as a socket that will
59 be used to accept incoming connection requests using
64 argument is a file descriptor that refers to a socket of type
71 argument defines the maximum length
72 to which the queue of pending connections for
75 If a connection request arrives when the queue is full, the client
76 may receive an error with an indication of
78 or, if the underlying protocol supports retransmission, the request may be
79 ignored so that a later reattempt at connection succeeds.
81 On success, zero is returned.
82 On error, \-1 is returned, and
84 is set to indicate the error.
88 Another socket is already listening on the same port.
91 (Internet domain sockets)
92 The socket referred to by
94 had not previously been bound to an address and,
95 upon attempting to bind it to an ephemeral port,
96 it was determined that all port numbers in the ephemeral port range
99 .I /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
106 is not a valid file descriptor.
111 does not refer to a socket.
114 The socket is not of a type that supports the
118 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, 4.4BSD
120 first appeared in 4.2BSD).
122 To accept connections, the following steps are performed:
125 A socket is created with
128 The socket is bound to a local address using
130 so that other sockets may be
134 A willingness to accept incoming connections and a queue limit for incoming
135 connections are specified with
138 Connections are accepted with
144 argument on TCP sockets changed with Linux 2.2.
145 Now it specifies the queue length for
147 established sockets waiting to be accepted,
148 instead of the number of incomplete connection requests.
149 The maximum length of the queue for incomplete sockets
151 .IR /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_max_syn_backlog .
152 When syncookies are enabled there is no logical maximum
153 length and this setting is ignored.
156 for more information.
160 argument is greater than the value in
161 .IR /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn ,
162 then it is silently capped to that value.
163 Since Linux 5.4, the default in this file is 4096;
164 in earlier kernels, the default value is 128.
165 In kernels before 2.4.25, this limit was a hard coded value,
168 .\" The following is now rather historic information (MTK, Jun 05)
169 .\" Don't rely on this value in portable applications since BSD
170 .\" (and some BSD-derived systems) limit the backlog to 5.