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1 '\" t
2 .\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
3 .\"
4 .\" %%%LICENSE_START(GPLv2+_DOC_FULL)
5 .\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
6 .\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
7 .\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
8 .\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
9 .\"
10 .\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
11 .\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
12 .\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
13 .\" intermediate and printed output.
14 .\"
15 .\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
16 .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
17 .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
18 .\" GNU General Public License for more details.
19 .\"
20 .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
21 .\" License along with this manual; if not, see
22 .\" <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
23 .\" %%%LICENSE_END
24 .\"
25 .\" Created 1993-04-02 by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
26 .\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
27 .\" Modified 1994-05-15 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
28 .\" Modified 1994-11-22 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
29 .\" Modified 1995-07-11 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
30 .\" Modified 1996-12-18 by Michael Haardt and aeb
31 .\" Modified 1999-05-31 by Dimitri Papadopoulos (dpo@club-internet.fr)
32 .\" Modified 1999-08-08 by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
33 .\" Modified 2004-04-01 by aeb
34 .\"
35 .TH ASCII 7 2016-10-08 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
36 .SH NAME
37 ascii \- ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal,
38 and hexadecimal
39 .SH DESCRIPTION
40 ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
41 It is a 7-bit code.
42 Many 8-bit codes (e.g., ISO 8859-1) contain ASCII as their lower half.
43 The international counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO 646-IRV.
44 .LP
45 The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters.
46 .LP
47 C program \f(CW\(aq\eX\(aq\fP escapes are noted.
48 .if t \{\
49 .ft CW
50 \}
51 .nf
52 .TS
53 l l l l l l l l.
54 Oct Dec Hex Char Oct Dec Hex Char
55 _
56 000 0 00 NUL \(aq\e0\(aq (null character) 100 64 40 @
57 001 1 01 SOH (start of heading) 101 65 41 A
58 002 2 02 STX (start of text) 102 66 42 B
59 003 3 03 ETX (end of text) 103 67 43 C
60 004 4 04 EOT (end of transmission) 104 68 44 D
61 005 5 05 ENQ (enquiry) 105 69 45 E
62 006 6 06 ACK (acknowledge) 106 70 46 F
63 007 7 07 BEL \(aq\ea\(aq (bell) 107 71 47 G
64 010 8 08 BS \(aq\eb\(aq (backspace) 110 72 48 H
65 011 9 09 HT \(aq\et\(aq (horizontal tab) 111 73 49 I
66 012 10 0A LF \(aq\en\(aq (new line) 112 74 4A J
67 013 11 0B VT \(aq\ev\(aq (vertical tab) 113 75 4B K
68 014 12 0C FF \(aq\ef\(aq (form feed) 114 76 4C L
69 015 13 0D CR \(aq\er\(aq (carriage ret) 115 77 4D M
70 016 14 0E SO (shift out) 116 78 4E N
71 017 15 0F SI (shift in) 117 79 4F O
72 020 16 10 DLE (data link escape) 120 80 50 P
73 021 17 11 DC1 (device control 1) 121 81 51 Q
74 022 18 12 DC2 (device control 2) 122 82 52 R
75 023 19 13 DC3 (device control 3) 123 83 53 S
76 024 20 14 DC4 (device control 4) 124 84 54 T
77 025 21 15 NAK (negative ack.) 125 85 55 U
78 026 22 16 SYN (synchronous idle) 126 86 56 V
79 027 23 17 ETB (end of trans. blk) 127 87 57 W
80 030 24 18 CAN (cancel) 130 88 58 X
81 031 25 19 EM (end of medium) 131 89 59 Y
82 032 26 1A SUB (substitute) 132 90 5A Z
83 033 27 1B ESC (escape) 133 91 5B [
84 034 28 1C FS (file separator) 134 92 5C \e \(aq\e\e\(aq
85 035 29 1D GS (group separator) 135 93 5D ]
86 036 30 1E RS (record separator) 136 94 5E ^
87 037 31 1F US (unit separator) 137 95 5F \&_
88 040 32 20 SPACE 140 96 60 \`
89 041 33 21 ! 141 97 61 a
90 042 34 22 " 142 98 62 b
91 043 35 23 # 143 99 63 c
92 044 36 24 $ 144 100 64 d
93 045 37 25 % 145 101 65 e
94 046 38 26 & 146 102 66 f
95 047 39 27 \(aq 147 103 67 g
96 050 40 28 ( 150 104 68 h
97 051 41 29 ) 151 105 69 i
98 052 42 2A * 152 106 6A j
99 053 43 2B + 153 107 6B k
100 054 44 2C , 154 108 6C l
101 055 45 2D \- 155 109 6D m
102 056 46 2E . 156 110 6E n
103 057 47 2F / 157 111 6F o
104 060 48 30 0 160 112 70 p
105 061 49 31 1 161 113 71 q
106 062 50 32 2 162 114 72 r
107 063 51 33 3 163 115 73 s
108 064 52 34 4 164 116 74 t
109 065 53 35 5 165 117 75 u
110 066 54 36 6 166 118 76 v
111 067 55 37 7 167 119 77 w
112 070 56 38 8 170 120 78 x
113 071 57 39 9 171 121 79 y
114 072 58 3A : 172 122 7A z
115 073 59 3B ; 173 123 7B {
116 074 60 3C < 174 124 7C |
117 075 61 3D = 175 125 7D }
118 076 62 3E > 176 126 7E ~
119 077 63 3F ? 177 127 7F DEL
120 .TE
121 .fi
122 .if t \{\
123 .in
124 .ft P
125 \}
126 .SS Tables
127 For convenience, below are more compact tables in hex and decimal.
128 .sp
129 .nf
130 .if t \{\
131 .in 1i
132 .ft CW
133 \}
134 2 3 4 5 6 7 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
135 ------------- ---------------------------------
136 0: 0 @ P \` p 0: ( 2 < F P Z d n x
137 1: ! 1 A Q a q 1: ) 3 = G Q [ e o y
138 2: " 2 B R b r 2: * 4 > H R \e f p z
139 3: # 3 C S c s 3: ! + 5 ? I S ] g q {
140 4: $ 4 D T d t 4: " , 6 @ J T ^ h r |
141 5: % 5 E U e u 5: # \- 7 A K U _ i s }
142 6: & 6 F V f v 6: $ . 8 B L V \` j t ~
143 7: \(aq 7 G W g w 7: % / 9 C M W a k u DEL
144 8: ( 8 H X h x 8: & 0 : D N X b l v
145 9: ) 9 I Y i y 9: \(aq 1 ; E O Y c m w
146 A: * : J Z j z
147 B: + ; K [ k {
148 C: , < L \e l |
149 D: \- = M ] m }
150 E: . > N ^ n ~
151 F: / ? O _ o DEL
152 .if t \{\
153 .in
154 .ft P
155 \}
156 .fi
157 .SH NOTES
158 .SS History
159 An
160 .B ascii
161 manual page appeared in Version 7 of AT&T UNIX.
162 .LP
163 On older terminals, the underscore code is displayed as a left arrow,
164 called backarrow, the caret is displayed as an up-arrow and the vertical
165 bar has a hole in the middle.
166 .LP
167 Uppercase and lowercase characters differ by just one bit and the
168 ASCII character 2 differs from the double quote by just one bit, too.
169 That made it much easier to encode characters mechanically or with a
170 non-microcontroller-based electronic keyboard and that pairing was found
171 on old teletypes.
172 .LP
173 The ASCII standard was published by the United States of America
174 Standards Institute (USASI) in 1968.
175 .\"
176 .\" ASA was the American Standards Association and X3 was an ASA sectional
177 .\" committee on computers and data processing. Its name changed to
178 .\" American National Standards Committee X3 (ANSC-X3) and now it is known
179 .\" as Accredited Standards Committee X3 (ASC X3). It is accredited by ANSI
180 .\" and administered by ITI. The subcommittee X3.2 worked on coded
181 .\" character sets; the task group working on ASCII appears to have been
182 .\" designated X3.2.4. In 1966, ASA became the United States of America
183 .\" Standards Institute (USASI) and published ASCII in 1968. It became the
184 .\" American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1969 and is the
185 .\" U.S. member body of ISO; private and nonprofit.
186 .\"
187 .SH SEE ALSO
188 .BR charsets (7),
189 .BR iso_8859-1 (7),
190 .BR iso_8859-10 (7),
191 .BR iso_8859-11 (7),
192 .BR iso_8859-13 (7),
193 .BR iso_8859-14 (7),
194 .BR iso_8859-15 (7),
195 .BR iso_8859-16 (7),
196 .BR iso_8859-2 (7),
197 .BR iso_8859-3 (7),
198 .BR iso_8859-4 (7),
199 .BR iso_8859-5 (7),
200 .BR iso_8859-6 (7),
201 .BR iso_8859-7 (7),
202 .BR iso_8859-8 (7),
203 .BR iso_8859-9 (7),
204 .BR utf-8 (7)