1 .\" Copyright 1993 Rickard E. Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
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25 .TH GETPID 2 2021-03-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
27 getpid, getppid \- get process identification
30 .B #include <unistd.h>
32 .B pid_t getpid(void);
33 .B pid_t getppid(void);
37 returns the process ID (PID) of the calling process.
38 (This is often used by
39 routines that generate unique temporary filenames.)
42 returns the process ID of the parent of the calling process.
43 This will be either the ID of the process that created this process using
45 or, if that process has already terminated,
46 the ID of the process to which this process has been reparented (either
48 or a "subreaper" process defined via the
50 .BR PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER
53 These functions are always successful.
55 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, 4.3BSD, SVr4.
57 If the caller's parent is in a different PID namespace (see
58 .BR pid_namespaces (7)),
62 From a kernel perspective,
63 the PID (which is shared by all of the threads in a multithreaded process)
64 is sometimes also known as the thread group ID (TGID).
65 This contrasts with the kernel thread ID (TID),
66 which is unique for each thread.
67 For further details, see
69 and the discussion of the
74 .SS C library/kernel differences
75 From glibc version 2.3.4 up to and including version 2.24,
76 the glibc wrapper function for
79 with the goal of avoiding additional system calls when a process calls
82 Normally this caching was invisible,
83 but its correct operation relied on support in the wrapper functions for
88 if an application bypassed the glibc wrappers for these system calls by using
92 in the child would return the wrong value
93 (to be precise: it would return the PID of the parent process).
94 .\" The following program demonstrates this "feature":
96 .\" #define _GNU_SOURCE
97 .\" #include <sys/syscall.h>
98 .\" #include <sys/wait.h>
99 .\" #include <stdint.h>
100 .\" #include <stdio.h>
101 .\" #include <stdlib.h>
102 .\" #include <unistd.h>
105 .\" main(int argc, char *argv[])
107 .\" /* The following statement fills the getpid() cache */
109 .\" printf("parent PID = %ld\n", (intmax_t) getpid());
111 .\" if (syscall(SYS_fork) == 0) {
112 .\" if (getpid() != syscall(SYS_getpid))
113 .\" printf("child getpid() mismatch: getpid()=%jd; "
114 .\" "syscall(SYS_getpid)=%ld\n",
115 .\" (intmax_t) getpid(), (long) syscall(SYS_getpid));
116 .\" exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
120 In addition, there were cases where
122 could return the wrong value even when invoking
124 via the glibc wrapper function.
125 (For a discussion of one such case, see BUGS in
127 Furthermore, the complexity of the caching code had been
128 the source of a few bugs within glibc over the years.
130 Because of the aforementioned problems,
131 since glibc version 2.25, the PID cache is removed:
132 .\" commit c579f48edba88380635ab98cb612030e3ed8691e
133 .\" https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/Release/2.25#pid_cache_removal
136 always invoke the actual system call, rather than returning a cached value.
138 .\" Review progress of https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1469757
140 On Alpha, instead of a pair of
144 system calls, a single
146 system call is provided, which returns a pair of PID and parent PID.
151 wrapper functions transparently deal with this.
154 for details regarding register mapping.
166 .BR pid_namespaces (7)