1 .\" Copyright (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de)
2 .\" and Copyright 2014 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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26 .\" Modified Sat Jul 24 17:45:39 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
27 .\" Modified 2000-02-13 by Nicolás Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
28 .TH TOUPPER 3 2014-03-18 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
30 toupper, tolower, toupper_l, tolower_l \- convert uppercase or lowercase
35 .BI "int toupper(int " "c" );
37 .BI "int tolower(int " "c" );
39 .BI "int toupper_l(int " c ", locale_t " locale );
40 .BI "int tolower_l(int " c ", locale_t " locale );
44 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
45 .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
54 _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 700
61 These functions convert lowercase letters to uppercase, and vice versa.
65 is a lowercase letter,
67 returns its uppercase equivalent,
68 if an uppercase representation exists in the current locale.
73 function performs the same task,
74 but uses the locale referred to by the locale handle
79 is a uppercase letter,
81 returns its lowercase equivalent,
82 if a lowercase representation exists in the current locale.
87 function performs the same task,
88 but uses the locale referred to by the locale handle
97 the behavior of these functions
106 is the special locale object
110 or is not a valid locale object handle.
112 The value returned is that of the converted letter, or
114 if the conversion was not possible.
116 .SS Multithreading (see pthreads(7))
121 functions are thread-safe with exceptions.
122 These functions can be safely used in multithreaded applications,
125 is not called to change the locale during their execution.
126 .\" FIXME . Add toupper_l() and tolower_l()
130 C89, C99, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
136 The details of what constitutes an uppercase or lowercase letter depend
138 For example, the default
140 locale does not know about umlauts, so no conversion is done for them.
142 In some non-English locales, there are lowercase letters with no
143 corresponding uppercase equivalent;
144 .\" FIXME One day the statement about "sharp s" needs to be reworked,
145 .\" since there is nowadays a capital "sharp s" that has a codepoint
146 .\" in Unicode 5.0; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_%E1%BA%9E
147 the German sharp s is one example.