1 .\" Copyright 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
2 .\" All rights reserved.
4 .\" %%%LICENSE_START(BSD_4_CLAUSE_UCB)
5 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
15 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
16 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 .\" without specific prior written permission.
21 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 .\" @(#)popen.3 6.4 (Berkeley) 4/30/91
36 .\" Converted for Linux, Mon Nov 29 14:45:38 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu
37 .\" Modified Sat May 18 20:37:44 1996 by Martin Schulze (joey@linux.de)
38 .\" Modified 7 May 1998 by Joseph S. Myers (jsm28@cam.ac.uk)
40 .TH POPEN 3 2021-03-22 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
42 popen, pclose \- pipe stream to or from a process
47 .BI "FILE *popen(const char *" command ", const char *" type );
48 .BI "int pclose(FILE *" stream );
52 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
53 .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
60 || /* Glibc <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
65 function opens a process by creating a pipe, forking, and invoking the
67 Since a pipe is by definition unidirectional, the
69 argument may specify only reading or writing, not both; the resulting
70 stream is correspondingly read-only or write-only.
74 argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing a shell
76 This command is passed to
80 flag; interpretation, if any, is performed by the shell.
84 argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string which must contain
85 either the letter \(aqr\(aq for reading or the letter \(aqw\(aq for writing.
87 this argument can additionally include the letter \(aqe\(aq,
88 which causes the close-on-exec flag
90 to be set on the underlying file descriptor;
91 see the description of the
95 for reasons why this may be useful.
99 is a normal standard I/O stream in all respects save that it must be closed
104 Writing to such a stream writes to the standard input of the command; the
105 command's standard output is the same as that of the process that called
107 unless this is altered by the command itself.
108 Conversely, reading from
109 the stream reads the command's standard output, and the command's
110 standard input is the same as that of the process that called
115 streams are block buffered by default.
119 function waits for the associated process to terminate and returns the exit
120 status of the command as returned by
124 on success, returns a pointer to an open stream that
125 can be used to read or write to the pipe;
130 calls fail, or if the function cannot allocate memory,
134 on success, returns the exit status of the command; if
135 .\" These conditions actually give undefined results, so I commented
138 .\" is not associated with a "popen()ed" command, if
140 .\" already "pclose()d", or if
142 returns an error, or some other error is detected,
145 On failure, both functions set
147 to indicate the error.
151 function does not set
153 if memory allocation fails.
160 is set to indicate the error.
163 argument is invalid, and this condition is detected,
170 cannot obtain the child status,
175 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
183 Interface Attribute Value
187 T} Thread safety MT-Safe
193 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
195 The \(aqe\(aq value for
197 is a Linux extension.
200 carefully read Caveats in
203 Since the standard input of a command opened for reading shares its seek
204 offset with the process that called
206 if the original process has done a buffered read, the command's input
207 position may not be as expected.
208 Similarly, the output from a command
209 opened for writing may become intermingled with that of the original
211 The latter can be avoided by calling
216 Failure to execute the shell is indistinguishable from the shell's failure
217 to execute command, or an immediate exit of the command.
218 The only hint is an exit status of 127.
224 .\" function appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.