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38 .\" @(#)strtod.3 5.3 (Berkeley) 6/29/91
40 .\" Modified Sun Aug 21 17:16:22 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
41 .\" Modified Sat May 04 19:34:31 MET DST 1996 by Michael Haardt
42 .\" (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
43 .\" Added strof, strtold, aeb, 2001-06-07
45 .TH STRTOD 3 2021-03-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
47 strtod, strtof, strtold \- convert ASCII string to floating-point number
50 .B #include <stdlib.h>
52 .BI "double strtod(const char *restrict " nptr ", char **restrict " endptr );
53 .BI "float strtof(const char *restrict " nptr ", char **restrict " endptr );
54 .BI "long double strtold(const char *restrict " nptr \
55 ", char **restrict " endptr );
59 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
60 .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
66 _ISOC99_SOURCE || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L
74 functions convert the initial portion of the string pointed to by
81 representation, respectively.
83 The expected form of the (initial portion of the) string is
84 optional leading white space as recognized by
86 an optional plus (\(aq+\(aq) or minus sign (\(aq\-\(aq) and then either
87 (i) a decimal number, or (ii) a hexadecimal number,
88 or (iii) an infinity, or (iv) a NAN (not-a-number).
92 consists of a nonempty sequence of decimal digits
93 possibly containing a radix character (decimal point, locale-dependent,
94 usually \(aq.\(aq), optionally followed by a decimal exponent.
95 A decimal exponent consists of an \(aqE\(aq or \(aqe\(aq, followed by an
96 optional plus or minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence of
97 decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 10.
100 .I "hexadecimal number"
101 consists of a "0x" or "0X" followed by a nonempty sequence of
102 hexadecimal digits possibly containing a radix character,
103 optionally followed by a binary exponent.
105 consists of a \(aqP\(aq or \(aqp\(aq, followed by an optional
106 plus or minus sign, followed by a nonempty sequence of
107 decimal digits, and indicates multiplication by a power of 2.
108 At least one of radix character and binary exponent must be present.
112 is either "INF" or "INFINITY", disregarding case.
116 is "NAN" (disregarding case) optionally followed by a string,
117 .IR (n-char-sequence) ,
120 specifies in an implementation-dependent
121 way the type of NAN (see NOTES).
123 These functions return the converted value, if any.
128 a pointer to the character after the last character used in the conversion
129 is stored in the location referenced by
132 If no conversion is performed, zero is returned and (unless
134 is null) the value of
136 is stored in the location referenced by
139 If the correct value would cause overflow, plus or minus
144 is returned (according to the return type and sign of the value),
150 If the correct value would cause underflow,
151 a value with magnitude no larger than
163 Overflow or underflow occurred.
165 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
173 Interface Attribute Value
178 T} Thread safety MT-Safe locale
184 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, C99.
187 was also described in C89.
190 0 can legitimately be returned
191 on both success and failure, the calling program should set
193 to 0 before the call,
194 and then determine if an error occurred by checking whether
196 has a nonzero value after the call.
198 In the glibc implementation, the
200 that optionally follows "NAN"
201 is interpreted as an integer number
202 (with an optional '0' or '0x' prefix to select base 8 or 16)
203 that is to be placed in the
204 mantissa component of the returned value.
205 .\" From glibc 2.8's stdlib/strtod_l.c:
206 .\" We expect it to be a number which is put in the
207 .\" mantissa of the number.
208 .\" It looks as though at least FreeBSD (according to the manual) does
209 .\" something similar.
210 .\" C11 says: "An implementation may use the n-char sequence to determine
211 .\" extra information to be represented in the NaN's significant."
213 See the example on the
216 the use of the functions described in this manual page is similar.