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25 .TH MALLOC_INFO 3 2021-03-22 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
27 malloc_info \- export malloc state to a stream
30 .B #include <malloc.h>
32 .BI "int malloc_info(int " options ", FILE *" stream );
37 function exports an XML string that describes the current state
38 of the memory-allocation
39 implementation in the caller.
40 The string is printed on the file stream
42 The exported string includes information about all arenas (see
45 As currently implemented,
52 On failure, it returns \-1, and
54 is set to indicate the error.
62 was added to glibc in version 2.10.
64 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
72 Interface Attribute Value
75 T} Thread safety MT-Safe
81 This function is a GNU extension.
83 The memory-allocation information is provided as an XML string
84 (rather than a C structure)
85 because the information may change over time
86 (according to changes in the underlying implementation).
87 The output XML string includes a version field.
90 .BR open_memstream (3)
91 function can be used to send the output of
93 directly into a buffer in memory, rather than to a file.
97 function is designed to address deficiencies in
102 The program below takes up to four command-line arguments,
103 of which the first three are mandatory.
104 The first argument specifies the number of threads that
105 the program should create.
106 All of the threads, including the main thread,
107 allocate the number of blocks of memory specified by the second argument.
108 The third argument controls the size of the blocks to be allocated.
109 The main thread creates blocks of this size,
110 the second thread created by the program allocates blocks of twice this size,
111 the third thread allocates blocks of three times this size, and so on.
115 twice to display the memory-allocation state.
116 The first call takes place before any threads
117 are created or memory allocated.
118 The second call is performed after all threads have allocated memory.
120 In the following example,
121 the command-line arguments specify the creation of one additional thread,
122 and both the main thread and the additional thread
123 allocate 10000 blocks of memory.
124 After the blocks of memory have been allocated,
126 shows the state of two allocation arenas.
130 .RB "$ " "getconf GNU_LIBC_VERSION"
132 .RB "$ " "./a.out 1 10000 100"
133 ============ Before allocating blocks ============
138 <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
139 <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
140 <system type="current" size="135168"/>
141 <system type="max" size="135168"/>
142 <aspace type="total" size="135168"/>
143 <aspace type="mprotect" size="135168"/>
145 <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
146 <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
147 <system type="current" size="135168"/>
148 <system type="max" size="135168"/>
149 <aspace type="total" size="135168"/>
150 <aspace type="mprotect" size="135168"/>
153 ============ After allocating blocks ============
158 <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
159 <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
160 <system type="current" size="1081344"/>
161 <system type="max" size="1081344"/>
162 <aspace type="total" size="1081344"/>
163 <aspace type="mprotect" size="1081344"/>
168 <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
169 <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
170 <system type="current" size="1032192"/>
171 <system type="max" size="1032192"/>
172 <aspace type="total" size="1032192"/>
173 <aspace type="mprotect" size="1032192"/>
175 <total type="fast" count="0" size="0"/>
176 <total type="rest" count="0" size="0"/>
177 <system type="current" size="2113536"/>
178 <system type="max" size="2113536"/>
179 <aspace type="total" size="2113536"/>
180 <aspace type="mprotect" size="2113536"/>
192 static size_t blockSize;
193 static int numThreads, numBlocks;
195 #define errExit(msg) do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \e
199 thread_func(void *arg)
203 /* The multiplier \(aq(2 + tn)\(aq ensures that each thread (including
204 the main thread) allocates a different amount of memory. */
206 for (int j = 0; j < numBlocks; j++)
207 if (malloc(blockSize * (2 + tn)) == NULL)
208 errExit("malloc\-thread");
210 sleep(100); /* Sleep until main thread terminates. */
215 main(int argc, char *argv[])
221 "%s num\-threads num\-blocks block\-size [sleep\-time]\en",
226 numThreads = atoi(argv[1]);
227 numBlocks = atoi(argv[2]);
228 blockSize = atoi(argv[3]);
229 sleepTime = (argc > 4) ? atoi(argv[4]) : 0;
231 pthread_t *thr = calloc(numThreads, sizeof(*thr));
235 printf("============ Before allocating blocks ============\en");
236 malloc_info(0, stdout);
238 /* Create threads that allocate different amounts of memory. */
240 for (int tn = 0; tn < numThreads; tn++) {
241 errno = pthread_create(&thr[tn], NULL, thread_func,
244 errExit("pthread_create");
246 /* If we add a sleep interval after the start\-up of each
247 thread, the threads likely won\(aqt contend for malloc
248 mutexes, and therefore additional arenas won\(aqt be
249 allocated (see malloc(3)). */
255 /* The main thread also allocates some memory. */
257 for (int j = 0; j < numBlocks; j++)
258 if (malloc(blockSize) == NULL)
261 sleep(2); /* Give all threads a chance to
262 complete allocations. */
264 printf("\en============ After allocating blocks ============\en");
265 malloc_info(0, stdout);
273 .BR malloc_stats (3),
275 .BR open_memstream (3)