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27 .TH GETRANDOM 2 2021-03-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
29 getrandom \- obtain a series of random bytes
32 .B #include <sys/random.h>
34 .BI "ssize_t getrandom(void *"buf ", size_t " buflen ", unsigned int " flags );
39 system call fills the buffer pointed to by
44 These bytes can be used to seed user-space random number generators
45 or for cryptographic purposes.
49 draws entropy from the
51 source (i.e., the same source as the
54 This behavior can be changed via the
60 source has been initialized,
61 reads of up to 256 bytes will always return as many bytes as
62 requested and will not be interrupted by signals.
63 No such guarantees apply for larger buffer sizes.
64 For example, if the call is interrupted by a signal handler,
65 it may return a partially filled buffer, or fail with the error
70 source has not yet been initialized, then
79 argument is a bit mask that can contain zero or more of the following values
83 If this bit is set, then random bytes are drawn from the
86 (i.e., the same source as the
94 source is limited based on the entropy that can be obtained from environmental
96 If the number of available bytes in the
98 source is less than requested in
100 the call returns just the available random bytes.
101 If no random bytes are available, the behavior depends on the presence of
108 By default, when reading from the
112 blocks if no random bytes are available,
113 and when reading from the
115 source, it blocks if the entropy pool has not yet been initialized.
120 does not block in these cases, but instead immediately returns \-1 with
127 returns the number of bytes that were copied to the buffer
129 This may be less than the number of bytes requested via
135 and insufficient entropy was present in the
137 source or the system call was interrupted by a signal.
139 On error, \-1 is returned, and
141 is set to indicate the error.
145 The requested entropy was not available, and
147 would have blocked if the
152 The address referred to by
154 is outside the accessible address space.
157 The call was interrupted by a signal
158 handler; see the description of how interrupted
160 calls on "slow" devices are handled with and without the
167 An invalid flag was specified in
171 The glibc wrapper function for
173 determined that the underlying kernel does not implement this system call.
176 was introduced in version 3.17 of the Linux kernel.
177 Support was added to glibc in version 2.25.
179 This system call is Linux-specific.
181 For an overview and comparison of the various interfaces that
182 can be used to obtain randomness, see
190 does not involve the use of pathnames or file descriptors.
193 can be useful in cases where
198 and where an application (e.g., a daemon during start-up)
199 closes a file descriptor for one of these files
200 that was opened by a library.
202 .SS Maximum number of bytes returned
203 As of Linux 3.19 the following limits apply:
205 When reading from the
207 source, a maximum of 33554431 bytes is returned by a single call to
211 has a size of 32 bits.
213 When reading from the
215 source, a maximum of 512 bytes is returned.
216 .SS Interruption by a signal handler
217 When reading from the
223 will block until the entropy pool has been initialized
227 If a request is made to read a large number of bytes (more than 256),
229 will block until those bytes have been generated and transferred
230 from kernel memory to
232 When reading from the
238 will block until some random bytes become available
243 The behavior when a call to
245 that is blocked while reading from the
247 source is interrupted by a signal handler
248 depends on the initialization state of the entropy buffer
249 and on the request size,
251 If the entropy is not yet initialized, then the call fails with the
254 If the entropy pool has been initialized
255 and the request size is large
256 .RI ( buflen "\ >\ 256),"
257 the call either succeeds, returning a partially filled buffer,
258 or fails with the error
260 If the entropy pool has been initialized and the request size is small
261 .RI ( buflen "\ <=\ 256),"
266 Instead, it will return all of the bytes that have been requested.
268 When reading from the
270 source, blocking requests of any size can be interrupted by a signal handler
271 (the call fails with the error
276 to read small buffers (<=\ 256 bytes) from the
278 source is the preferred mode of usage.
280 The special treatment of small values of
282 was designed for compatibility with
285 which is nowadays supported by glibc.
290 always check the return value,
291 to determine whether either an error occurred
292 or fewer bytes than requested were returned.
297 is less than or equal to 256,
298 a return of fewer bytes than requested should never happen,
299 but the careful programmer will check for this anyway!
301 As of Linux 3.19, the following bug exists:
302 .\" FIXME patch proposed https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/11/29/16
304 Depending on CPU load,
306 does not react to interrupts before reading all bytes requested.