1 .\" Copyright (c) 2000 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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25 .\" Created, 14 Dec 2000 by Michael Kerrisk
27 .TH BASENAME 3 2021-03-22 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
29 basename, dirname \- parse pathname components
32 .B #include <libgen.h>
34 .BI "char *dirname(char *" path );
35 .BI "char *basename(char *" path );
38 Warning: there are two different functions
46 break a null-terminated pathname string into directory
47 and filename components.
50 returns the string up to, but not including, the final \(aq/\(aq, and
52 returns the component following the final \(aq/\(aq.
53 Trailing \(aq/\(aq characters are not counted as part of the pathname.
57 does not contain a slash,
59 returns the string "." while
65 is the string "/", then both
69 return the string "/".
72 is a null pointer or points to an empty string, then both
76 return the string ".".
78 Concatenating the string returned by
80 a "/", and the string returned by
82 yields a complete pathname.
88 may modify the contents of
90 so it may be desirable to pass a copy when calling one of
93 These functions may return pointers to statically allocated memory
94 which may be overwritten by subsequent calls.
95 Alternatively, they may return a pointer to some part of
97 so that the string referred to by
99 should not be modified or freed until the pointer returned by
100 the function is no longer required.
102 The following list of examples (taken from SUSv2)
103 shows the strings returned by
112 path dirname basename
126 return pointers to null-terminated strings.
127 (Do not pass these pointers to
130 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
138 Interface Attribute Value
142 T} Thread safety MT-Safe
148 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
150 There are two different versions of
152 - the POSIX version described above, and the GNU version, which one gets
157 .BR " #define _GNU_SOURCE" " /* See feature_test_macros(7) */"
158 .B " #include <string.h>"
162 The GNU version never modifies its argument, and returns the
165 has a trailing slash, and in particular also when it is "/".
166 There is no GNU version of
169 With glibc, one gets the POSIX version of
173 is included, and the GNU version otherwise.
175 In the glibc implementation,
176 the POSIX versions of these functions modify the
178 argument, and segfault when called with a static string
181 Before glibc 2.2.1, the glibc version of
183 did not correctly handle pathnames with trailing \(aq/\(aq characters,
184 and generated a segfault if given a NULL argument.
186 The following code snippet demonstrates the use of
192 char *dirc, *basec, *bname, *dname;
193 char *path = "/etc/passwd";
196 basec = strdup(path);
197 dname = dirname(dirc);
198 bname = basename(basec);
199 printf("dirname=%s, basename=%s\en", dname, bname);