1 .\" Copyright 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
2 .\" All rights reserved.
4 .\" %%%LICENSE_START(BSD_4_CLAUSE_UCB)
5 .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6 .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
8 .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
11 .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
12 .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
13 .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
14 .\" must display the following acknowledgement:
15 .\" This product includes software developed by the University of
16 .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
17 .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
18 .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
19 .\" without specific prior written permission.
21 .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
22 .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
23 .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
24 .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
25 .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
26 .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
27 .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
28 .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
29 .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
30 .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
34 .\" @(#)popen.3 6.4 (Berkeley) 4/30/91
36 .\" Converted for Linux, Mon Nov 29 14:45:38 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu
37 .\" Modified Sat May 18 20:37:44 1996 by Martin Schulze (joey@linux.de)
38 .\" Modified 7 May 1998 by Joseph S. Myers (jsm28@cam.ac.uk)
40 .TH POPEN 3 2017-09-15 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
42 popen, pclose \- pipe stream to or from a process
47 .BI "FILE *popen(const char *" command ", const char *" type );
49 .BI "int pclose(FILE *" stream );
53 Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
54 .BR feature_test_macros (7)):
61 _POSIX_C_SOURCE\ >=\ 2
62 || /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
68 function opens a process by creating a pipe, forking, and invoking the
70 Since a pipe is by definition unidirectional, the
72 argument may specify only reading or writing, not both; the resulting
73 stream is correspondingly read-only or write-only.
77 argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string containing a shell
79 This command is passed to
83 flag; interpretation, if any, is performed by the shell.
87 argument is a pointer to a null-terminated string which must contain
88 either the letter \(aqr\(aq for reading or the letter \(aqw\(aq for writing.
90 this argument can additionally include the letter \(aqe\(aq,
91 which causes the close-on-exec flag
93 to be set on the underlying file descriptor;
94 see the description of the
98 for reasons why this may be useful.
100 The return value from
102 is a normal standard I/O stream in all respects save that it must be closed
107 Writing to such a stream writes to the standard input of the command; the
108 command's standard output is the same as that of the process that called
110 unless this is altered by the command itself.
111 Conversely, reading from
112 the stream reads the command's standard output, and the command's
113 standard input is the same as that of the process that called
118 streams are block buffered by default.
122 function waits for the associated process to terminate and returns the exit
123 status of the command as returned by
127 on success, returns a pointer to an open stream that
128 can be used to read or write to the pipe;
133 calls fail, or if the function cannot allocate memory,
137 on success, returns the exit status of the command; if
138 .\" These conditions actually give undefined results, so I commented
141 .\" is not associated with a "popen()ed" command, if
143 .\" already "pclose()d", or if
145 returns an error, or some other error is detected,
150 to an appropriate value in the case of an error.
154 function does not set
156 if memory allocation fails.
163 is set appropriately.
166 argument is invalid, and this condition is detected,
173 cannot obtain the child status,
178 For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
184 Interface Attribute Value
188 T} Thread safety MT-Safe
192 POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
194 The \(aqe\(aq value for
196 is a Linux extension.
199 carefully read Caveats in
202 Since the standard input of a command opened for reading shares its seek
203 offset with the process that called
205 if the original process has done a buffered read, the command's input
206 position may not be as expected.
207 Similarly, the output from a command
208 opened for writing may become intermingled with that of the original
210 The latter can be avoided by calling
215 Failure to execute the shell is indistinguishable from the shell's failure
216 to execute command, or an immediate exit of the command.
217 The only hint is an exit status of 127.
223 .\" function appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.