1 .TH MAKE 1L "22 August 1989" "GNU" "LOCAL USER COMMANDS"
3 make \- GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs
8 makefile ] [ option ] ...
11 This man paage is an extract of the documentation of
13 It is updated only occasionally, because the GNU project does not use nroff.
14 For complete, current documentation, refer to the Info file
18 which are made from the Texinfo source file
24 utility is to determine automatically which
25 pieces of a large program need to be recompiled, and issue the commands to
27 This manual describes the GNU implementation of
29 which was written by Richard Stallman and Roland McGrath.
30 Our examples show C programs, since they are most common, but you can use
32 with any programming language whose compiler can be run with a
36 is not limited to programs.
37 You can use it to describe any task where some files must be
38 updated automatically from others whenever the others change.
42 you must write a file called the
44 that describes the relationships among files in your program, and the
45 states the commands for updating each file.
46 In a program, typically the executable file is updated from object
47 files, which are in turn made by compiling source files.
49 Once a suitable makefile exists, each time you change some source files,
50 this simple shell command:
56 suffices to perform all necessary recompilations.
59 program uses the makefile data base and the last-modification times
60 of the files to decide which of the files need to be updated.
61 For each of those files, it issues the commands recorded in the data base.
64 executes commands in the
71 is typically a program.
76 will look for the makefiles
83 Normally you should call your makefile either
89 because it appears prominently near the beginning of a directory
90 listing, right near other important files such as
92 The first name checked,
94 is not recommended for most makefiles.
95 You should use this name if you have a makefile that is specific to GNU
97 and will not be understood by other versions of
101 is `\-', the standard input is read.
104 updates a target if it depends on prerequisite files
105 that have been modified since the target was last modified,
106 or if the target does not exist.
113 These options are ignored for compatibility with other versions of
119 before reading the makefiles or doing anything else.
122 options are specified, each is interpreted relative to the
128 This is typically used with recursive invocations of
132 Print debugging information in addition to normal processing.
133 The debugging information says which files are being considered for
134 remaking, which file-times are being compared and with what results,
135 which files actually need to be remade, which implicit rules are
136 considered and which are applied---everything interesting about how
141 Give variables taken from the environment precedence
142 over variables from makefiles.
150 Ignore all errors in commands executed to remake files.
153 Specifies a directory
155 to search for included makefiles.
158 options are used to specify several directories, the directories are
159 searched in the order specified.
160 Unlike the arguments to other flags of
162 directories given with
164 flags may come directly after the flag:
166 is allowed, as well as
168 This syntax is allowed for compatibility with the C
174 Specifies the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously.
175 If there is more than one
177 option, the last one is effective.
180 option is given without an argument,
182 will not limit the number of jobs that can run simultaneously.
185 Continue as much as possible after an error.
186 While the target that failed, and those that depend on it, cannot
187 be remade, the other dependencies of these targets can be processed
193 Specifies that no new jobs (commands) should be started if there are
194 others jobs running and the load average is at least
196 (a floating-point number).
197 With no argument, removes a previous load limit.
200 Print the commands that would be executed, but do not execute them.
203 Do not remake the file
205 even if it is older than its dependencies, and do not remake anything
206 on account of changes in
208 Essentially the file is treated as very old and its rules are ignored.
211 Print the data base (rules and variable values) that results from
212 reading the makefiles; then execute as usual or as otherwise
214 This also prints the version information given by the
217 To print the data base without trying to remake any files, use
224 Do not run any commands, or print anything; just return an exit status
225 that is zero if the specified targets are already up to date, nonzero
229 Eliminate use of the built-in implicit rules.
230 Also clear out the default list of suffixes for suffix rules.
233 Silent operation; do not print the commands as they are executed.
236 Cancel the effect of the
239 This is never necessary except in a recursive
243 might be inherited from the top-level
245 via MAKEFLAGS or if you set
247 in MAKEFLAGS in your environment.
250 Touch files (mark them up to date without really changing them)
251 instead of running their commands.
252 This is used to pretend that the commands were done, in order to fool
253 future invocations of
257 Print the version of the
259 program plus a copyright, a list of authors and a notice that there
261 After this information is printed, processing continues normally.
262 To get this information without doing anything else, use
268 Print a message containing the working directory
269 before and after other processing.
270 This may be useful for tracking down errors from complicated nests of
276 Pretend that the target
278 has just been modified.
281 flag, this shows you what would happen if you were to modify that file.
284 it is almost the same as running a
286 command on the given file before running
288 except that the modification time is changed only in the imagination of
293 /usr/local/doc/gnumake.dvi
298 See the chapter `Problems and Bugs' in
299 .I "The GNU Make Manual" .
301 This manual page contributed by Dennis Morse of Stanford University.
302 It has been reworked by Roland McGrath.