1 Port of GNU make to Windows NT and Windows 95
2 Builds natively with MSVC 2.x or MSVC 4.x compilers.
4 To build with nmake on Windows NT or Windows 95:
6 1. Make sure cl.exe is in your %Path%. Example:
8 set Path=%Path%;c:/msdev/bin
10 2. Make sure %include% is set to msvc include directory. Example:
12 set include=c:/msdev/include
14 3. Make sure %lib% is set to msvc lib directory. Example:
21 There is a bat file (build_w32.bat) for folks who have fear of nmake.
33 This port prefers you have a working sh.exe somewhere on your
34 system. If you don't have sh.exe, port falls back to
35 MSDOS mode for launching programs (via a batch file).
36 The MSDOS mode style execution has not been tested too
37 carefully though (I use GNU bash as sh.exe).
39 There are very few true ports of Bourne shell for NT right now.
40 There is a version of GNU bash available from Cygnus gnu-win32
41 porting effort. Other possibilities are to get the MKS version
42 of sh.exe or to build your own with a package like
43 NutCracker (DataFocus) or Portage (Consensys).
45 Tivoli uses a homegrown port of GNU bash which is not (yet)
46 freely available. It may be available someday, but I am not in control
47 of this decision nor do I influence it. Sorry!
49 GNU make and Cygnus GNU WIN32 tools (BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL)
51 GNU make now has support for the Cygnus GNU WIN32 toolset. The
52 GNU WIN32 version of Bourne shell does not behave well when
53 invoked as 'sh -c' from CreateProcess(). The main problem is it
54 seems to have a hard time handling quoted strings correctly. This
55 problem goes away when invoking the Cygnus shell on a shell script.
57 To work around this difficulty, this version of make supports
58 a new batch mode. When BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL is defined at compile
59 time, make forces all command lines to be executed via script
60 files instead of by command line.
62 A native WIN32 system with no Bourne shell will also run
63 in batch mode. All command lines will be put into batch files
64 and executed via $(COMSPEC) (%COMSPEC%).
66 If you wish to use Cygnus' GNUWIN32 shell, be sure you define
67 BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL in the config.h.W32 prior to building make.
68 The new feataure was tested with the b18 version of the Cygnus
71 GNU make and MKS shell
73 There is now semi-official support for the MKS shell. To turn this
74 support on, define HAVE_MKS_SHELL in the config.h.W32 before you
75 build make. Do not define BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL if you turn
78 GNU make handling of drive letters in pathnames (PATH, vpath, VPATH):
80 There is a caveat that should be noted with respect to handling
81 single character pathnames on Windows systems. When colon is
82 used in PATH variables, make tries to be smart about knowing when
83 you are using colon as a separator versus colon as a drive
84 letter. Unfortunately, something as simple as the string 'x:/'
85 could be interpreted 2 ways: (x and /) or (x:/).
87 Make chooses to interpret a letter plus colon (e.g. x:/) as a
88 drive letter pathname. If it is necessary to use single
89 character directories in paths (VPATH, vpath, Path, PATH), the
90 user must do one of two things:
92 a. Use semicolon as the separator to disambiguate colon. For
93 example use 'x;/' if you want to say 'x' and '/' are
96 b. Qualify the directory name so that there is more than
97 one character in the path(s) used. For example, none
98 of these settings are ambiguous:
101 /some/path/x:/some/path/y
102 x:/some/path/x:x:/some/path/y
104 These caveats affect Windows systems only (Windows NT and
105 Windows 95) and can be ignored for other platforms.
107 Please note that you are free to mix colon and semi-colon in the
108 specification of paths. Make is able to figure out the intended
109 result and convert the paths internally to the format needed
110 when interacting with the operating system.
112 You are encouraged to use colon as the separator character.
113 This should ease the pain of deciding how to handle various path
114 problems which exist between platforms. If colon is used on
115 both Unix and Windows systems, then no ifdef'ing will be
116 necessary in the makefile source.
120 I verified all functionality with a slightly modified version
121 of make-test-0.4.5 (modifications to get test suite to run
122 on Windows NT). All tests pass in an environment that includes
123 sh.exe. Tested on both Windows NT and Windows 95.
125 Building GNU make on Windows NT and Windows 95 with Microsoft Visual C
127 I did not provide a Visual C project file with this port as
128 the project file would not be considered freely distributable
129 (or so I think). It is easy enough to create one though if
130 you know how to use Visual C.
132 I build the program statically to avoid problems locating DLL's
133 on machines that may not have MSVC runtime installed. If you
134 prefer, you can change make to build with shared libraries by
135 changing /MT to /MD in the NMakefile (or build_w32.bat).
137 Program has not been built under non-Intel architectures (yet).
139 I have not tried to build with any other compilers than MSVC.
141 Pathnames and white space:
143 Unlike Unix, Windows 95/NT systems encourage pathnames which
144 contain white space (e.g. C:\Program Files\). These sorts of pathnames
145 are legal under Unix too, but are never encouraged. There is
146 at least one place in make (VPATH/vpath handling) where paths
147 containing white space will simply not work. There may be others
148 too. I chose to not try and port make in such a way so that
149 these sorts of paths could be handled. I offer these suggestions
153 2. Rename the directory so it does not contain white space.
155 If you are unhappy with this choice, this is free software
156 and you are free to take a crack at making this work. The code
157 in w32/pathstuff.c and vpath.c would be the places to start.
159 Pathnames and Case insensitivity:
161 Unlike Unix, Windows 95/NT systems are case insensitive but case
162 preserving. For example if you tell the file system to create a
163 file named "Target", it will preserve the case. Subsequent access to
164 the file with other case permutations will succeed (i.e. opening a
165 file named "target" or "TARGET" will open the file "Target").
167 By default, GNU make retains its case sensitivity when comparing
168 target names and existing files or directories. It can be
169 configured, however, into a case preserving and case insensitive
170 mode by adding a define for HAVE_CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS to
173 For example, the following makefile will create a file named
174 Target in the directory subdir which will subsequently be used
175 to satisfy the dependency of SUBDIR/DepTarget on SubDir/TARGET.
176 Without HAVE_CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS configured, the dependency link
182 SUBDIR/DepTarget: SubDir/TARGET
185 Reliance on this behavior also eliminates the ability of GNU make
186 to use case in comparison of matching rules. For example, it is
187 not possible to set up a C++ rule using %.C that is different
188 than a C rule using %.c. GNU make will consider these to be the
189 same rule and will issue a warning.
193 I have not had any success building the debug version of this
194 package using SAMBA as my file server. The reason seems to be
195 related to the way VC++ 4.0 changes the case name of the pdb
196 filename it is passed on the command line. It seems to change
197 the name always to to lower case. I contend that
198 the VC++ compiler should not change the casename of files that
199 are passed as arguments on the command line. I don't think this
200 was a problem in MSVC 2.x, but I know it is a problem in MSVC 4.x.
202 The package builds fine on VFAT and NTFS filesystems.
204 Most all of the development I have done to date has been using
205 NTFS and long file names. I have not done any considerable work
206 under VFAT. VFAT users may wish to be aware that this port
207 of make does respect case sensitivity.
209 Version 3.76 contains some preliminary support for FAT. Make
210 now tries to work around some difficulties with stat'ing of
211 files and caching of filenames and directories internally.
212 There is still a known problem with filenames sometimes being
213 found to have modification dates in the future which cause make
214 to complain about the file and exit (remake.c).
218 Please submit bugs via the normal bug reporting mechanism
219 which is described in one of the Texinfo files. If you don't
220 have Texinfo for Windows NT or Windows 95, these files are simple
221 text files and can be read with a text editor.