1 GNU make NEWS -*-indented-text-*-
2 History of user-visible changes.
5 Copyright (C) 1992,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
6 See the end for copying conditions.
8 All changes mentioned here are more fully described in the GNU make
9 manual, which is contained in this distribution as the file make.texinfo.
11 Please send GNU make bug reports to <bug-make@gnu.org>.
12 See the README file and the GNU make manual for details on sending bug
17 * GNU make optionally supports internationalization and locales via the
18 GNU gettext (or local gettext if suitable) package. See the ABOUT-NLS
19 file for more information on configuring GNU make for NLS.
21 * Previously, GNU make quoted variables such as MAKEFLAGS and
22 MAKEOVERRIDES for proper parsing by the shell. This allowed them to
23 be used within make build scripts. However, using them there is not
24 proper behavior: they are meant to be passed to subshells via the
25 environment. Unfortunately the values were not quoted properly to be
26 passed through the environment. This meant that make didn't properly
27 pass some types of command line values to submakes.
29 With this version we change that behavior: now these variables are
30 quoted properly for passing through the environment, which is the
31 correct way to do it. If you previously used these variables
32 explicitly within a make rule you may need to re-examine your use for
33 correctness given this change.
35 * A new psuedo-target .NOTPARALLEL is available. If defined, the
36 current makefile is run serially regardless of the value of -j.
37 However, submakes are still eligible for parallel execution.
39 * The --debug option has changed: it now allows optional flags
40 controlling the amount and type of debugging output. By default only
41 a minimal amount information is generated, displaying the names of
42 "normal" targets (not makefiles) were deemed out of date and in need
45 Note that the -d option behaves as before: it takes no arguments and
46 all debugging information is generated.
48 * The `-p' (print database) output now includes filename and linenumber
49 information for variable definitions, to help debugging.
51 * Hartmut Becker provided many updates for the VMS port of GNU make.
52 See the readme.vms file for more details.
56 * Two new functions, $(error ...) and $(warning ...) are available. The
57 former will cause make to fail and exit immediately upon expansion of
58 the function, with the text provided as the error message. The latter
59 causes the text provided to be printed as a warning message, but make
62 * A new function $(call ...) is available. This allows users to create
63 their own parameterized macros and invoke them later. Original
64 implementation of this function was provided by Han-Wen Nienhuys
67 * A new function $(if ...) is available. It provides if-then-else
68 capabilities in a builtin function. Original implementation of this
69 function was provided by Han-Wen Nienhuys <hanwen@cs.uu.nl>.
71 * Make defines a new variable, .LIBPATTERNS. This variable controls how
72 library dependency expansion (dependencies like ``-lfoo'') is performed.
74 * Make accepts CRLF sequences as well as traditional LF, for
75 compatibility with makefiles created on other operating systems.
77 * Make accepts a new option: -R, or --no-builtin-variables. This option
78 disables the definition of the rule-specific builtin variables (CC,
79 LD, AR, etc.). Specifying this option forces -r (--no-builtin-rules)
82 * A "job server" feature, suggested by Howard Chu <hyc@highlandsun.com>.
84 On systems that support POSIX pipe(2) semantics, GNU make can now pass
85 -jN options to submakes rather than forcing them all to use -j1. The
86 top make and all its sub-make processes use a pipe to communicate with
87 each other to ensure that no more than N jobs are started across all
88 makes. To get the old behavior of -j back, you can configure make
89 with the --disable-job-server option.
91 * The confusing term "dependency" has been replaced by the more accurate
92 and standard term "prerequisite", both in the manual and in all GNU make
95 * GNU make supports the "big archive" library format introduced in AIX 4.3.
97 * GNU make supports large files on AIX, HP-UX, and IRIX. These changes
98 were provided by Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com>. (Large file
99 support for Solaris and Linux was introduced in 3.77, but the
100 configuration had issues: these have also been resolved).
102 * The Windows 95/98/NT (W32) version of GNU make now has native support
103 for the Cygnus Cygwin release B20.1 shell (bash).
105 * The GNU make regression test suite, long available separately "under
106 the table", has been integrated into the release. You can invoke it
107 by running "make check" in the distribution. Note that it requires
108 Perl (either Perl 4 or Perl 5) to run.
112 * Implement BSD make's "?=" variable assignment operator. The variable
113 is assigned the specified value only if that variable is not already
116 * Make defines a new variable, "CURDIR", to contain the current working
117 directory (after the -C option, if any, has been processed).
118 Modifying this variable has no effect on the operation of make.
120 * Make defines a new default RCS rule, for new-style master file
121 storage: ``% :: RCS/%'' (note no ``,v'' suffix).
123 Make defines new default rules for DOS-style C++ file naming
124 conventions, with ``.cpp'' suffixes. All the same rules as for
125 ``.cc'' and ``.C'' suffixes are provided, along with LINK.cpp and
126 COMPILE.cpp macros (which default to the same value as LINK.cc and
127 COMPILE.cc). Note CPPFLAGS is still C preprocessor flags! You should
128 use CXXFLAGS to change C++ compiler flags.
130 * A new feature, "target-specific variable values", has been added.
131 This is a large change so please see the appropriate sections of the
132 manual for full details. Briefly, syntax like this:
134 TARGET: VARIABLE = VALUE
136 defines VARIABLE as VALUE within the context of TARGET. This is
137 similar to SunOS make's "TARGET := VARIABLE = VALUE" feature. Note
138 that the assignment may be of any type, not just recursive, and that
139 the override keyword is available.
141 COMPATIBILITY: This new syntax means that if you have any rules where
142 the first or second dependency has an equal sign (=) in its name,
143 you'll have to escape them with a backslash: "foo : bar\=baz".
144 Further, if you have any dependencies which already contain "\=",
145 you'll have to escape both of them: "foo : bar\\\=baz".
147 * A new appendix listing the most common error and warning messages
148 generated by GNU make, with some explanation, has been added to the
149 GNU make User's Manual.
151 * Updates to the GNU make Customs library support (see README.customs).
153 * Updates to the Windows 95/NT port from Rob Tulloh (see README.W32),
154 and to the DOS port from Eli Zaretski (see README.DOS).
158 * Small (but serious) bug fix. Quick rollout to get into the GNU source CD.
162 * GNU make now uses automake to control Makefile.in generation. This
163 should make it more consistent with the GNU standards.
165 * VPATH functionality has been changed to incorporate the VPATH+ patch,
166 previously maintained by Paul Smith <psmith@baynetworks.com>. See the
169 * Make defines a new variable, `MAKECMDGOALS', to contain the goals that
170 were specified on the command line, if any. Modifying this variable
171 has no effect on the operation of make.
173 * A new function, `$(wordlist S,E,TEXT)', is available: it returns a
174 list of words from number S to number E (inclusive) of TEXT.
176 * Instead of an error, detection of future modification times gives a
177 warning and continues. The warning is repeated just before GNU make
178 exits, so it is less likely to be lost.
180 * Fix the $(basename) and $(suffix) functions so they only operate on
181 the last filename, not the entire string:
183 Command Old Result New Result
184 ------- ---------- ----------
186 $(basename a.b/c) a a.b/c
188 $(suffix a.b/c) b/c <empty>
190 * The $(strip) function now removes newlines as well as TABs and spaces.
192 * The $(shell) function now changes CRLF (\r\n) pairs to a space as well
195 * Updates to the Windows 95/NT port from Rob Tulloh (see README.W32).
197 * Eli Zaretskii has updated the port to 32-bit protected mode on MSDOS
198 and MS-Windows, building with the DJGPP v2 port of GNU C/C++ compiler
199 and utilities. See README.DOS for details, and direct all questions
200 concerning this port to Eli Zaretskii <eliz@is.elta.co.il> or DJ
201 Delorie <dj@delorie.com>.
203 * John W. Eaton has updated the VMS port to support libraries and VPATH.
207 * The directory messages printed by `-w' and implicitly in sub-makes,
208 are now omitted if Make runs no commands and has no other messages to print.
210 * Make now detects files that for whatever reason have modification times
211 in the future and gives an error. Files with such impossible timestamps
212 can result from unsynchronized clocks, or archived distributions
213 containing bogus timestamps; they confuse Make's dependency engine
216 * The new directive `sinclude' is now recognized as another name for
217 `-include', for compatibility with some other Makes.
219 * Aaron Digulla has contributed a port to AmigaDOS. See README.Amiga for
220 details, and direct all Amiga-related questions to <digulla@fh-konstanz.de>.
222 * Rob Tulloh of Tivoli Systems has contributed a port to Windows NT or 95.
223 See README.W32 for details, and direct all Windows-related questions to
224 <rob_tulloh@tivoli.com>.
228 * Converted to use Autoconf version 2, so `configure' has some new options.
229 See INSTALL for details.
231 * You can now send a SIGUSR1 signal to Make to toggle printing of debugging
232 output enabled by -d, at any time during the run.
236 * DJ Delorie has ported Make to MS-DOS using the GO32 extender.
237 He is maintaining the DOS port, not the GNU Make maintainer;
238 please direct bugs and questions for DOS to <djgpp@sun.soe.clarkson.edu>.
239 MS-DOS binaries are available for FTP from ftp.simtel.net in
240 /pub/simtelnet/gnu/djgpp/.
242 * The `MAKEFLAGS' variable (in the environment or in a makefile) can now
243 contain variable definitions itself; these are treated just like
244 command-line variable definitions. Make will automatically insert any
245 variable definitions from the environment value of `MAKEFLAGS' or from
246 the command line, into the `MAKEFLAGS' value exported to children. The
247 `MAKEOVERRIDES' variable previously included in the value of `$(MAKE)'
248 for sub-makes is now included in `MAKEFLAGS' instead. As before, you can
249 reset `MAKEOVERRIDES' in your makefile to avoid putting all the variables
250 in the environment when its size is limited.
252 * If `.DELETE_ON_ERROR' appears as a target, Make will delete the target of
253 a rule if it has changed when its commands exit with a nonzero status,
254 just as when the commands get a signal.
256 * The automatic variable `$+' is new. It lists all the dependencies like
257 `$^', but preserves duplicates listed in the makefile. This is useful
258 for linking rules, where library files sometimes need to be listed twice
261 * You can now specify the `.IGNORE' and `.SILENT' special targets with
262 dependencies to limit their effects to those files. If a file appears as
263 a dependency of `.IGNORE', then errors will be ignored while running the
264 commands to update that file. Likewise if a file appears as a dependency
265 of `.SILENT', then the commands to update that file will not be printed
266 before they are run. (This change was made to conform to POSIX.2.)
270 * The automatic variables `$(@D)', `$(%D)', `$(*D)', `$(<D)', `$(?D)', and
271 `$(^D)' now omit the trailing slash from the directory name. (This change
272 was made to comply with POSIX.2.)
274 * The source distribution now includes the Info files for the Make manual.
275 There is no longer a separate distribution containing Info and DVI files.
277 * You can now set the variables `binprefix' and/or `manprefix' in
278 Makefile.in (or on the command line when installing) to install GNU make
279 under a name other than `make' (i.e., ``make binprefix=g install''
280 installs GNU make as `gmake').
282 * The built-in Texinfo rules use the new variables `TEXI2DVI_FLAGS' for
283 flags to the `texi2dvi' script, and `MAKEINFO_FLAGS' for flags to the
286 * The exit status of Make when it runs into errors is now 2 instead of 1.
287 The exit status is 1 only when using -q and some target is not up to date.
288 (This change was made to comply with POSIX.2.)
292 * It is no longer a fatal error to have a NUL character in a makefile.
293 You should never put a NUL in a makefile because it can have strange
294 results, but otherwise empty lines full of NULs (such as produced by
295 the `xmkmf' program) will always work fine.
297 * The error messages for nonexistent included makefiles now refer to the
298 makefile name and line number where the `include' appeared, so Emacs's
299 C-x ` command takes you there (in case it's a typo you need to fix).
303 * Implicit rule search for archive member references is now done in the
304 opposite order from previous versions: the whole target name `LIB(MEM)'
305 first, and just the member name and parentheses `(MEM)' second.
307 * Make now gives an error for an unterminated variable or function reference.
308 For example, `$(foo' with no matching `)' or `${bar' with no matching `}'.
310 * The new default variable `MAKE_VERSION' gives the version number of
311 Make, and a string describing the remote job support compiled in (if any).
312 Thus the value (in this release) is something like `3.69' or `3.69-Customs'.
314 * Commands in an invocation of the `shell' function are no longer run with
315 a modified environment like target commands are. As in versions before
316 3.68, they now run with the environment that `make' started with. We
317 have reversed the change made in version 3.68 because it turned out to
318 cause a paradoxical situation in cases like:
320 export variable = $(shell echo value)
322 When Make attempted to put this variable in the environment for a target
323 command, it would try expand the value by running the shell command
324 `echo value'. In version 3.68, because it constructed an environment
325 for that shell command in the same way, Make would begin to go into an
326 infinite loop and then get a fatal error when it detected the loop.
328 * The commands given for `.DEFAULT' are now used for phony targets with no
333 * You can list several archive member names inside parenthesis:
334 `lib(mem1 mem2 mem3)' is equivalent to `lib(mem1) lib(mem2) lib(mem3)'.
336 * You can use wildcards inside archive member references. For example,
337 `lib(*.o)' expands to all existing members of `lib' whose names end in
338 `.o' (e.g. `lib(a.o) lib(b.o)'); `*.a(*.o)' expands to all such members
339 of all existing files whose names end in `.a' (e.g. `foo.a(a.o)
340 foo.a(b.o) bar.a(c.o) bar.a(d.o)'.
342 * A suffix rule `.X.a' now produces two pattern rules:
343 (%.o): %.X # Previous versions produced only this.
344 %.a: %.X # Now produces this as well, just like other suffixes.
346 * The new flag `--warn-undefined-variables' says to issue a warning message
347 whenever Make expands a reference to an undefined variable.
349 * The new `-include' directive is just like `include' except that there is
350 no error (not even a warning) for a nonexistent makefile.
352 * Commands in an invocation of the `shell' function are now run with a
353 modified environment like target commands are, so you can use `export' et
354 al to set up variables for them. They used to run with the environment
355 that `make' started with.
359 * `make --version' (or `make -v') now exits immediately after printing
364 * Make now supports long-named members in `ar' archive files.
368 * Make now supports the `+=' syntax for a variable definition which appends
369 to the variable's previous value. See the section `Appending More Text
370 to Variables' in the manual for full details.
372 * The new option `--no-print-directory' inhibits the `-w' or
373 `--print-directory' feature. Make turns on `--print-directory'
374 automatically if you use `-C' or `--directory', and in sub-makes; some
375 users have found this behavior undesirable.
377 * The built-in implicit rules now support the alternative extension
378 `.txinfo' for Texinfo files, just like `.texinfo' and `.texi'.
382 * Make now uses a standard GNU `configure' script. See the new file
383 INSTALL for the new (and much simpler) installation procedure.
385 * There is now a shell script to build Make the first time, if you have no
386 other `make' program. `build.sh' is created by `configure'; see README.
388 * GNU Make now completely conforms to the POSIX.2 specification for `make'.
390 * Elements of the `$^' and `$?' automatic variables that are archive
391 member references now list only the member name, as in Unix and POSIX.2.
393 * You should no longer ever need to specify the `-w' switch, which prints
394 the current directory before and after Make runs. The `-C' switch to
395 change directory, and recursive use of Make, now set `-w' automatically.
397 * Multiple double-colon rules for the same target will no longer have their
398 commands run simultaneously under -j, as this could result in the two
399 commands trying to change the file at the same time and interfering with
402 * The `SHELL' variable is now never taken from the environment.
403 Each makefile that wants a shell other than the default (/bin/sh) must
404 set SHELL itself. SHELL is always exported to child processes.
405 This change was made for compatibility with POSIX.2.
407 * Make now accepts long options. There is now an informative usage message
408 that tells you what all the options are and what they do. Try `make --help'.
410 * There are two new directives: `export' and `unexport'. All variables are
411 no longer automatically put into the environments of the commands that
412 Make runs. Instead, only variables specified on the command line or in
413 the environment are exported by default. To export others, use:
415 or you can define variables with:
416 export VARIABLE = VALUE
418 export VARIABLE := VALUE
422 .EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES:
423 to get the old behavior. See the node `Variables/Recursion' in the manual
424 for a full description.
426 * The commands from the `.DEFAULT' special target are only applied to
427 targets which have no rules at all, not all targets with no commands.
428 This change was made for compatibility with Unix make.
430 * All fatal error messages now contain `***', so they are easy to find in
433 * Dependency file names like `-lNAME' are now replaced with the actual file
434 name found, as with files found by normal directory search (VPATH).
435 The library file `libNAME.a' may now be found in the current directory,
436 which is checked before VPATH; the standard set of directories (/lib,
437 /usr/lib, /usr/local/lib) is now checked last.
438 See the node `Libraries/Search' in the manual for full details.
440 * A single `include' directive can now specify more than one makefile to
443 You can also use shell file name patterns in an `include' directive:
446 * The default directories to search for included makefiles, and for
447 libraries specified with `-lNAME', are now set by configuration.
449 * You can now use blanks as well as colons to separate the directories in a
450 search path for the `vpath' directive or the `VPATH' variable.
452 * You can now use variables and functions in the left hand side of a
453 variable assignment, as in "$(foo)bar = value".
455 * The `MAKE' variable is always defined as `$(MAKE_COMMAND) $(MAKEOVERRIDES)'.
456 The `MAKE_COMMAND' variable is now defined to the name with which make
459 * The built-in rules for C++ compilation now use the variables `$(CXX)' and
460 `$(CXXFLAGS)' instead of `$(C++)' and `$(C++FLAGS)'. The old names had
461 problems with shells that cannot have `+' in environment variable names.
463 * The value of a recursively expanded variable is now expanded when putting
464 it into the environment for child processes. This change was made for
465 compatibility with Unix make.
467 * A rule with no targets before the `:' is now accepted and ignored.
468 This change was made for compatibility with SunOS 4 make.
469 We do not recommend that you write your makefiles to take advantage of this.
471 * The `-I' switch can now be used in MAKEFLAGS, and are put there
472 automatically just like other switches.
476 * Built-in rules for C++ source files with the `.C' suffix.
477 We still recommend that you use `.cc' instead.
479 * If commands are given too many times for a single target,
480 the last set given is used, and a warning message is printed.
482 * Error messages about makefiles are in standard GNU error format,
483 so C-x ` in Emacs works on them.
485 * Dependencies of pattern rules which contain no % need not actually exist
486 if they can be created (just like dependencies which do have a %).
490 * A message is always printed when Make decides there is nothing to be done.
491 It used to be that no message was printed for top-level phony targets
492 (because "`phony' is up to date" isn't quite right). Now a different
493 message "Nothing to be done for `phony'" is printed in that case.
495 * Archives on AIX now supposedly work.
497 * When the commands specified for .DEFAULT are used to update a target,
498 the $< automatic variable is given the same value as $@ for that target.
499 This is how Unix make behaves, and this behavior is mandated by POSIX.2.
503 * The -n, -q, and -t options are not put in the `MAKEFLAGS' and `MFLAG'
504 variables while remaking makefiles, so recursive makes done while remaking
505 makefiles will behave properly.
507 * If the special target `.NOEXPORT' is specified in a makefile,
508 only variables that came from the environment and variables
509 defined on the command line are exported.
513 * Suffix rules may have dependencies (which are ignored).
517 * Dependencies of the form `-lLIB' are searched for as /usr/local/lib/libLIB.a
518 as well as libLIB.a in /usr/lib, /lib, the current directory, and VPATH.
522 * There is now a Unix man page for GNU Make. It is certainly not a replacement
523 for the Texinfo manual, but it documents the basic functionality and the
524 switches. For full documentation, you should still read the Texinfo manual.
525 Thanks to Dennis Morse of Stanford University for contributing the initial
528 * Variables which are defined by default (e.g., `CC') will no longer be put
529 into the environment for child processes. (If these variables are reset by the
530 environment, makefiles, or the command line, they will still go into the
533 * Makefiles which have commands but no dependencies (and thus are always
534 considered out of date and in need of remaking), will not be remade (if they
535 were being remade only because they were makefiles). This means that GNU
536 Make will no longer go into an infinite loop when fed the makefiles that
537 `imake' (necessary to build X Windows) produces.
539 * There is no longer a warning for using the `vpath' directive with an explicit
540 pathname (instead of a `%' pattern).
544 * When removing intermediate files, only one `rm' command line is printed,
545 listing all file names.
547 * There are now automatic variables `$(^D)', `$(^F)', `$(?D)', and `$(?F)'.
548 These are the directory-only and file-only versions of `$^' and `$?'.
550 * Library dependencies given as `-lNAME' will use "libNAME.a" in the current
551 directory if it exists.
553 * The automatic variable `$($/)' is no longer defined.
555 * Leading `+' characters on a command line make that line be executed even
556 under -n, -t, or -q (as if the line contained `$(MAKE)').
558 * For command lines containing `$(MAKE)', `${MAKE}', or leading `+' characters,
559 only those lines are executed, not their entire rules.
560 (This is how Unix make behaves for lines containing `$(MAKE)' or `${MAKE}'.)
564 * Filenames in rules will now have ~ and ~USER expanded.
566 * The `-p' output has been changed so it can be used as a makefile.
567 (All information that isn't specified by makefiles is prefaced with comment
572 * The % character can be quoted with backslash in implicit pattern rules,
573 static pattern rules, `vpath' directives, and `patsubst', `filter', and
574 `filter-out' functions. A warning is issued if a `vpath' directive's
575 pattern contains no %.
577 * The `wildcard' variable expansion function now expands ~ and ~USER.
579 * Messages indicating failed commands now contain the target name:
580 make: *** [target] Error 1
582 * The `-p' output format has been changed somewhat to look more like
583 makefile rules and to give all information that Make has about files.
589 * The `-l' switch with no argument removes any previous load-average limit.
591 * When the `-w' switch is in effect, and Make has updated makefiles,
592 it will write a `Leaving directory' messagfe before re-executing itself.
593 This makes the `directory change tracking' changes to Emacs's compilation
594 commands work properly.
598 * The automatic variable `$*' is now defined for explicit rules,
599 as it is in Unix make.
603 * The `-j' switch is now put in the MAKEFLAGS and MFLAGS variables when
604 specified without an argument (indicating infinite jobs).
605 The `-l' switch is not always put in the MAKEFLAGS and MFLAGS variables.
607 * Make no longer checks hashed directories after running commands.
608 The behavior implemented in 3.41 caused too much slowdown.
612 * A dependency is NOT considered newer than its dependent if
613 they have the same modification time. The behavior implemented
614 in 3.43 conflicts with RCS.
618 * Dependency loops are no longer fatal errors.
620 * A dependency is considered newer than its dependent if
621 they have the same modification time.
625 * The variables F77 and F77FLAGS are now set by default to $(FC) and
626 $(FFLAGS). Makefiles designed for System V make may use these variables in
627 explicit rules and expect them to be set. Unfortunately, there is no way to
628 make setting these affect the Fortran implicit rules unless FC and FFLAGS
629 are not used (and these are used by BSD make).
633 * Make now checks to see if its hashed directories are changed by commands.
634 Other makes that hash directories (Sun, 4.3 BSD) don't do this.
638 * The `shell' function no longer captures standard error output.
642 * A file beginning with a dot can be the default target if it also contains
643 a slash (e.g., `../bin/foo'). (Unix make allows this as well.)
647 * Archive member names are truncated to 15 characters.
649 * Yet more USG stuff.
651 * Minimal support for Microport System V (a 16-bit machine and a
652 brain-damaged compiler). This has even lower priority than other USG
653 support, so if it gets beyond trivial, I will take it out completely.
655 * Revamped default implicit rules (not much visible change).
657 * The -d and -p options can come from the environment.
661 * Improved support for USG and HPUX (hopefully).
663 * A variable reference like `$(foo:a=b)', if `a' contains a `%', is
664 equivalent to `$(patsubst a,b,$(foo))'.
666 * Defining .DEFAULT with no deps or commands clears its commands.
668 * New default implicit rules for .S (cpp, then as), and .sh (copy and make
669 executable). All default implicit rules that use cpp (even indirectly), use
674 * Giving the -j option with no arguments gives you infinite jobs.
678 * New option: "-l LOAD" says not to start any new jobs while others are
679 running if the load average is not below LOAD (a floating-point number).
681 * There is support in place for implementations of remote command execution
682 in Make. See the file remote.c.
686 * No more than 10 directories will be kept open at once.
687 (This number can be changed by redefining MAX_OPEN_DIRECTORIES in dir.c.)
691 * Archive files will have their modification times recorded before doing
692 anything that might change their modification times by updating an archive
697 * The `MAKELEVEL' variable is defined for use by makefiles.
701 * The recursion level indications in error messages are much shorter than
702 they were in version 3.14.
706 * Leading spaces before directives are ignored (as documented).
708 * Included makefiles can determine the default goal target.
709 (System V Make does it this way, so we are being compatible).
713 * Variables that are defaults built into Make will not be put in the
714 environment for children. This just saves some environment space and,
715 except under -e, will be transparent to sub-makes.
717 * Error messages from sub-makes will indicate the level of recursion.
719 * Hopefully some speed-up for large directories due to a change in the
720 directory hashing scheme.
722 * One child will always get a standard input that is usable.
724 * Default makefiles that don't exist will be remade and read in.
728 * Count parentheses inside expansion function calls so you can
729 have nested calls: `$(sort $(foreach x,a b,$(x)))'.
733 * Several bug fixes, including USG and Sun386i support.
735 * `shell' function to expand shell commands a la `
737 * If the `-d' flag is given, version information will be printed.
739 * The `-c' option has been renamed to `-C' for compatibility with tar.
741 * The `-p' option no longer inhibits other normal operation.
743 * Makefiles will be updated and re-read if necessary.
745 * Can now run several commands at once (parallelism), -j option.
747 * Error messages will contain the level of Make recursion, if any.
749 * The `MAKEFLAGS' and `MFLAGS' variables will be scanned for options after
752 * A double-colon rule with no dependencies will always have its commands run.
753 (This is how both the BSD and System V versions of Make do it.)
757 (Changes from versions 1 through 3.05 were never recorded. Sorry.)
759 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
760 Copyright information:
762 Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
763 of this document as received, in any medium, provided that the
764 copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved, thus
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