1 Port of GNU make to Windows NT and Windows 95
2 Builds natively with MSVC 2.x or MSVC 4.x compilers.
3 Should also build fine with MSVC 5.x and 6.x (though not confirmed).
5 This Windows 32-bit port of GNU make is maintained primarily by Rob
6 Tulloh, who is also the author of this README.
8 To build with nmake on MS-Windows:
10 1. Make sure cl.exe is in your %Path%. Example:
12 set Path=%Path%;c:/msdev/bin
14 2. Make sure %include% is set to msvc include directory. Example:
16 set include=c:/msdev/include
18 3. Make sure %lib% is set to msvc lib directory. Example:
25 A short cut to steps 1, 2, and 3 is to run VCVARS32.bat before
26 invoking namke. For example:
31 cd \path\to\make-%VERSION%
34 There is a bat file (build_w32.bat) for folks who have fear of nmake.
44 GNU make on Windows 32-bit platforms:
46 This version of make is ported natively to Windows32 platforms
47 (Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0, Windows 95, and Windows 98). It
48 does not rely on any 3rd party software or add-on packages for
49 building. The only thing needed is a version of Visual C++,
50 which is the predominant compiler used on Windows32 platforms.
52 Do not confuse this port of GNU make with other Windows32 projects
53 which provide a GNU make binary. These are separate projects
54 and are not connected to this port effort.
58 This port prefers you have a working sh.exe somewhere on your
59 system. If you don't have sh.exe, the port falls back to
60 MSDOS mode for launching programs (via a batch file).
61 The MSDOS mode style execution has not been tested that
62 carefully though (The author uses GNU bash as sh.exe).
64 There are very few true ports of Bourne shell for NT right now.
65 There is a version of GNU bash available from Cygnus "Cygwin"
66 porting effort (http://www.cygwin.com/).
67 Other possibilities are the MKS version of sh.exe, or building
68 your own with a package like NutCracker (DataFocus) or Portage
69 (Consensys). Also MinGW includes sh (http://mingw.org/).
71 GNU make and brain-dead shells (BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL):
73 Some versions of Bourne shell do not behave well when invoked
74 as 'sh -c' from CreateProcess(). The main problem is they seem
75 to have a hard time handling quoted strings correctly. This can
76 be circumvented by writing commands to be executed to a batch
77 file and then executing the command by calling 'sh file'.
79 To work around this difficulty, this version of make supports
80 a batch mode. When BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL is defined at compile
81 time, make forces all command lines to be executed via script
82 files instead of by command line. In this mode you must have a
83 working sh.exe in order to use parallel builds (-j).
85 A native Windows32 system with no Bourne shell will also run
86 in batch mode. All command lines will be put into batch files
87 and executed via $(COMSPEC) (%COMSPEC%). Note that parallel
88 builds (-j) require a working Bourne shell; they will not work
91 GNU make and Cygnus GNU Windows32 tools:
93 Good news! Make now has native support for Cygwin sh. To enable,
94 define the HAVE_CYGWIN_SHELL in config.h and rebuild make
95 from scratch. This version of make tested with B20.1 of Cygwin.
96 Do not define BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL if you use HAVE_CYGWIN_SHELL.
98 GNU make and the MKS shell:
100 There is now semi-official support for the MKS shell. To turn this
101 support on, define HAVE_MKS_SHELL in the config.h.W32 before you
102 build make. Do not define BATCH_MODE_ONLY_SHELL if you turn
105 GNU make handling of drive letters in pathnames (PATH, vpath, VPATH):
107 There is a caveat that should be noted with respect to handling
108 single character pathnames on Windows systems. When colon is
109 used in PATH variables, make tries to be smart about knowing when
110 you are using colon as a separator versus colon as a drive
111 letter. Unfortunately, something as simple as the string 'x:/'
112 could be interpreted 2 ways: (x and /) or (x:/).
114 Make chooses to interpret a letter plus colon (e.g. x:/) as a
115 drive letter pathname. If it is necessary to use single
116 character directories in paths (VPATH, vpath, Path, PATH), the
117 user must do one of two things:
119 a. Use semicolon as the separator to disambiguate colon. For
120 example use 'x;/' if you want to say 'x' and '/' are
123 b. Qualify the directory name so that there is more than
124 one character in the path(s) used. For example, none
125 of these settings are ambiguous:
128 /some/path/x:/some/path/y
129 x:/some/path/x:x:/some/path/y
131 Please note that you are free to mix colon and semi-colon in the
132 specification of paths. Make is able to figure out the intended
133 result and convert the paths internally to the format needed
134 when interacting with the operating system, providing the path
135 is not within quotes, e.g. "x:/test/test.c".
137 You are encouraged to use colon as the separator character.
138 This should ease the pain of deciding how to handle various path
139 problems which exist between platforms. If colon is used on
140 both Unix and Windows systems, then no ifdef'ing will be
141 necessary in the makefile source.
145 I verified all functionality with a slightly modified version
146 of make-test-%VERSION% (modifications to get test suite to run
147 on Windows NT). All tests pass in an environment that includes
148 sh.exe. Tests were performed on both Windows NT and Windows 95.
150 Building GNU make on Windows NT and Windows 95/98 with Microsoft Visual C:
152 I did not provide a Visual C project file with this port as
153 the project file would not be considered freely distributable
154 (or so I think). It is easy enough to create one, though, if
155 you know how to use Visual C.
157 I build the program statically to avoid problems locating DLL's
158 on machines that may not have MSVC runtime installed. If you
159 prefer, you can change make to build with shared libraries by
160 changing /MT to /MD in the NMakefile (or in build_w32.bat).
162 The program has not been built for non-Intel architectures (yet).
164 I have not tried to build with any other compilers than MSVC. I
165 have heard that this is possible though so don't be afraid to
166 notify me of your successes!
168 Pathnames and white space:
170 Unlike Unix, Windows 95/NT systems encourage pathnames which
171 contain white space (e.g. C:\Program Files\). These sorts of
172 pathnames are legal under Unix too, but are never encouraged.
173 There is at least one place in make (VPATH/vpath handling) where
174 paths containing white space will simply not work. There may be
175 others too. I chose to not try and port make in such a way so
176 that these sorts of paths could be handled. I offer these
177 suggestions as workarounds:
179 1. Use 8.3 notation. i.e. "x:/long~1/", which is actually
180 "x:\longpathtest". Type "dir /x" to view these filenames
181 within the cmd.exe shell.
182 2. Rename the directory so it does not contain white space.
184 If you are unhappy with this choice, this is free software
185 and you are free to take a crack at making this work. The code
186 in w32/pathstuff.c and vpath.c would be the places to start.
188 Pathnames and Case insensitivity:
190 Unlike Unix, Windows 95/NT systems are case insensitive but case
191 preserving. For example if you tell the file system to create a
192 file named "Target", it will preserve the case. Subsequent access to
193 the file with other case permutations will succeed (i.e. opening a
194 file named "target" or "TARGET" will open the file "Target").
196 By default, GNU make retains its case sensitivity when comparing
197 target names and existing files or directories. It can be
198 configured, however, into a case preserving and case insensitive
199 mode by adding a define for HAVE_CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS to
202 For example, the following makefile will create a file named
203 Target in the directory subdir which will subsequently be used
204 to satisfy the dependency of SUBDIR/DepTarget on SubDir/TARGET.
205 Without HAVE_CASE_INSENSITIVE_FS configured, the dependency link
211 SUBDIR/DepTarget: SubDir/TARGET
214 Reliance on this behavior also eliminates the ability of GNU make
215 to use case in comparison of matching rules. For example, it is
216 not possible to set up a C++ rule using %.C that is different
217 than a C rule using %.c. GNU make will consider these to be the
218 same rule and will issue a warning.
222 I have not had any success building the debug version of this
223 package using SAMBA as my file server. The reason seems to be
224 related to the way VC++ 4.0 changes the case name of the pdb
225 filename it is passed on the command line. It seems to change
226 the name always to to lower case. I contend that
227 the VC++ compiler should not change the casename of files that
228 are passed as arguments on the command line. I don't think this
229 was a problem in MSVC 2.x, but I know it is a problem in MSVC 4.x.
231 The package builds fine on VFAT and NTFS filesystems.
233 Most all of the development I have done to date has been using
234 NTFS and long file names. I have not done any considerable work
235 under VFAT. VFAT users may wish to be aware that this port
236 of make does respect case sensitivity.
240 Version 3.76 added support for FAT filesystems. Make
241 works around some difficulties with stat'ing of
242 files and caching of filenames and directories internally.
246 Please submit bugs via the normal bug reporting mechanism which
247 is described in the GNU make manual and the base README.