2 * Copyright (C) 2008 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
4 * Author: Joerg Roedel <joerg.roedel@amd.com>
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
7 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published
8 * by the Free Software Foundation.
10 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
11 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
12 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
13 * GNU General Public License for more details.
15 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
16 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
17 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
20 #include <linux/scatterlist.h>
21 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
22 #include <linux/stacktrace.h>
23 #include <linux/dma-debug.h>
24 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
25 #include <linux/debugfs.h>
26 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
27 #include <linux/export.h>
28 #include <linux/device.h>
29 #include <linux/types.h>
30 #include <linux/sched.h>
31 #include <linux/ctype.h>
32 #include <linux/list.h>
33 #include <linux/slab.h>
35 #include <asm/sections.h>
37 #define HASH_SIZE 1024ULL
38 #define HASH_FN_SHIFT 13
39 #define HASH_FN_MASK (HASH_SIZE - 1)
49 MAP_ERR_CHECK_NOT_APPLICABLE
,
54 #define DMA_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_ENTRIES 5
57 * struct dma_debug_entry - track a dma_map* or dma_alloc_coherent mapping
58 * @list: node on pre-allocated free_entries list
59 * @dev: 'dev' argument to dma_map_{page|single|sg} or dma_alloc_coherent
60 * @type: single, page, sg, coherent
61 * @pfn: page frame of the start address
62 * @offset: offset of mapping relative to pfn
63 * @size: length of the mapping
64 * @direction: enum dma_data_direction
65 * @sg_call_ents: 'nents' from dma_map_sg
66 * @sg_mapped_ents: 'mapped_ents' from dma_map_sg
67 * @map_err_type: track whether dma_mapping_error() was checked
68 * @stacktrace: support backtraces when a violation is detected
70 struct dma_debug_entry
{
71 struct list_head list
;
81 enum map_err_types map_err_type
;
82 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE
83 struct stack_trace stacktrace
;
84 unsigned long st_entries
[DMA_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_ENTRIES
];
88 typedef bool (*match_fn
)(struct dma_debug_entry
*, struct dma_debug_entry
*);
91 struct list_head list
;
93 } ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp
;
95 /* Hash list to save the allocated dma addresses */
96 static struct hash_bucket dma_entry_hash
[HASH_SIZE
];
97 /* List of pre-allocated dma_debug_entry's */
98 static LIST_HEAD(free_entries
);
99 /* Lock for the list above */
100 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(free_entries_lock
);
102 /* Global disable flag - will be set in case of an error */
103 static bool global_disable __read_mostly
;
105 /* Early initialization disable flag, set at the end of dma_debug_init */
106 static bool dma_debug_initialized __read_mostly
;
108 static inline bool dma_debug_disabled(void)
110 return global_disable
|| !dma_debug_initialized
;
113 /* Global error count */
114 static u32 error_count
;
116 /* Global error show enable*/
117 static u32 show_all_errors __read_mostly
;
118 /* Number of errors to show */
119 static u32 show_num_errors
= 1;
121 static u32 num_free_entries
;
122 static u32 min_free_entries
;
123 static u32 nr_total_entries
;
125 /* number of preallocated entries requested by kernel cmdline */
126 static u32 req_entries
;
128 /* debugfs dentry's for the stuff above */
129 static struct dentry
*dma_debug_dent __read_mostly
;
130 static struct dentry
*global_disable_dent __read_mostly
;
131 static struct dentry
*error_count_dent __read_mostly
;
132 static struct dentry
*show_all_errors_dent __read_mostly
;
133 static struct dentry
*show_num_errors_dent __read_mostly
;
134 static struct dentry
*num_free_entries_dent __read_mostly
;
135 static struct dentry
*min_free_entries_dent __read_mostly
;
136 static struct dentry
*filter_dent __read_mostly
;
138 /* per-driver filter related state */
140 #define NAME_MAX_LEN 64
142 static char current_driver_name
[NAME_MAX_LEN
] __read_mostly
;
143 static struct device_driver
*current_driver __read_mostly
;
145 static DEFINE_RWLOCK(driver_name_lock
);
147 static const char *const maperr2str
[] = {
148 [MAP_ERR_CHECK_NOT_APPLICABLE
] = "dma map error check not applicable",
149 [MAP_ERR_NOT_CHECKED
] = "dma map error not checked",
150 [MAP_ERR_CHECKED
] = "dma map error checked",
153 static const char *type2name
[4] = { "single", "page",
154 "scather-gather", "coherent" };
156 static const char *dir2name
[4] = { "DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL", "DMA_TO_DEVICE",
157 "DMA_FROM_DEVICE", "DMA_NONE" };
160 * The access to some variables in this macro is racy. We can't use atomic_t
161 * here because all these variables are exported to debugfs. Some of them even
162 * writeable. This is also the reason why a lock won't help much. But anyway,
163 * the races are no big deal. Here is why:
165 * error_count: the addition is racy, but the worst thing that can happen is
166 * that we don't count some errors
167 * show_num_errors: the subtraction is racy. Also no big deal because in
168 * worst case this will result in one warning more in the
169 * system log than the user configured. This variable is
170 * writeable via debugfs.
172 static inline void dump_entry_trace(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
174 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE
176 pr_warning("Mapped at:\n");
177 print_stack_trace(&entry
->stacktrace
, 0);
182 static bool driver_filter(struct device
*dev
)
184 struct device_driver
*drv
;
188 /* driver filter off */
189 if (likely(!current_driver_name
[0]))
192 /* driver filter on and initialized */
193 if (current_driver
&& dev
&& dev
->driver
== current_driver
)
196 /* driver filter on, but we can't filter on a NULL device... */
200 if (current_driver
|| !current_driver_name
[0])
203 /* driver filter on but not yet initialized */
208 /* lock to protect against change of current_driver_name */
209 read_lock_irqsave(&driver_name_lock
, flags
);
213 strncmp(current_driver_name
, drv
->name
, NAME_MAX_LEN
- 1) == 0) {
214 current_driver
= drv
;
218 read_unlock_irqrestore(&driver_name_lock
, flags
);
223 #define err_printk(dev, entry, format, arg...) do { \
225 if (driver_filter(dev) && \
226 (show_all_errors || show_num_errors > 0)) { \
227 WARN(1, "%s %s: " format, \
228 dev ? dev_driver_string(dev) : "NULL", \
229 dev ? dev_name(dev) : "NULL", ## arg); \
230 dump_entry_trace(entry); \
232 if (!show_all_errors && show_num_errors > 0) \
233 show_num_errors -= 1; \
237 * Hash related functions
239 * Every DMA-API request is saved into a struct dma_debug_entry. To
240 * have quick access to these structs they are stored into a hash.
242 static int hash_fn(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
245 * Hash function is based on the dma address.
246 * We use bits 20-27 here as the index into the hash
248 return (entry
->dev_addr
>> HASH_FN_SHIFT
) & HASH_FN_MASK
;
252 * Request exclusive access to a hash bucket for a given dma_debug_entry.
254 static struct hash_bucket
*get_hash_bucket(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
,
255 unsigned long *flags
)
256 __acquires(&dma_entry_hash
[idx
].lock
)
258 int idx
= hash_fn(entry
);
259 unsigned long __flags
;
261 spin_lock_irqsave(&dma_entry_hash
[idx
].lock
, __flags
);
263 return &dma_entry_hash
[idx
];
267 * Give up exclusive access to the hash bucket
269 static void put_hash_bucket(struct hash_bucket
*bucket
,
270 unsigned long *flags
)
271 __releases(&bucket
->lock
)
273 unsigned long __flags
= *flags
;
275 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bucket
->lock
, __flags
);
278 static bool exact_match(struct dma_debug_entry
*a
, struct dma_debug_entry
*b
)
280 return ((a
->dev_addr
== b
->dev_addr
) &&
281 (a
->dev
== b
->dev
)) ? true : false;
284 static bool containing_match(struct dma_debug_entry
*a
,
285 struct dma_debug_entry
*b
)
287 if (a
->dev
!= b
->dev
)
290 if ((b
->dev_addr
<= a
->dev_addr
) &&
291 ((b
->dev_addr
+ b
->size
) >= (a
->dev_addr
+ a
->size
)))
298 * Search a given entry in the hash bucket list
300 static struct dma_debug_entry
*__hash_bucket_find(struct hash_bucket
*bucket
,
301 struct dma_debug_entry
*ref
,
304 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
, *ret
= NULL
;
305 int matches
= 0, match_lvl
, last_lvl
= -1;
307 list_for_each_entry(entry
, &bucket
->list
, list
) {
308 if (!match(ref
, entry
))
312 * Some drivers map the same physical address multiple
313 * times. Without a hardware IOMMU this results in the
314 * same device addresses being put into the dma-debug
315 * hash multiple times too. This can result in false
316 * positives being reported. Therefore we implement a
317 * best-fit algorithm here which returns the entry from
318 * the hash which fits best to the reference value
319 * instead of the first-fit.
323 entry
->size
== ref
->size
? ++match_lvl
: 0;
324 entry
->type
== ref
->type
? ++match_lvl
: 0;
325 entry
->direction
== ref
->direction
? ++match_lvl
: 0;
326 entry
->sg_call_ents
== ref
->sg_call_ents
? ++match_lvl
: 0;
328 if (match_lvl
== 4) {
329 /* perfect-fit - return the result */
331 } else if (match_lvl
> last_lvl
) {
333 * We found an entry that fits better then the
334 * previous one or it is the 1st match.
336 last_lvl
= match_lvl
;
342 * If we have multiple matches but no perfect-fit, just return
345 ret
= (matches
== 1) ? ret
: NULL
;
350 static struct dma_debug_entry
*bucket_find_exact(struct hash_bucket
*bucket
,
351 struct dma_debug_entry
*ref
)
353 return __hash_bucket_find(bucket
, ref
, exact_match
);
356 static struct dma_debug_entry
*bucket_find_contain(struct hash_bucket
**bucket
,
357 struct dma_debug_entry
*ref
,
358 unsigned long *flags
)
361 unsigned int max_range
= dma_get_max_seg_size(ref
->dev
);
362 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
, index
= *ref
;
363 unsigned int range
= 0;
365 while (range
<= max_range
) {
366 entry
= __hash_bucket_find(*bucket
, ref
, containing_match
);
372 * Nothing found, go back a hash bucket
374 put_hash_bucket(*bucket
, flags
);
375 range
+= (1 << HASH_FN_SHIFT
);
376 index
.dev_addr
-= (1 << HASH_FN_SHIFT
);
377 *bucket
= get_hash_bucket(&index
, flags
);
384 * Add an entry to a hash bucket
386 static void hash_bucket_add(struct hash_bucket
*bucket
,
387 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
389 list_add_tail(&entry
->list
, &bucket
->list
);
393 * Remove entry from a hash bucket list
395 static void hash_bucket_del(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
397 list_del(&entry
->list
);
400 static unsigned long long phys_addr(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
402 return page_to_phys(pfn_to_page(entry
->pfn
)) + entry
->offset
;
406 * Dump mapping entries for debugging purposes
408 void debug_dma_dump_mappings(struct device
*dev
)
412 for (idx
= 0; idx
< HASH_SIZE
; idx
++) {
413 struct hash_bucket
*bucket
= &dma_entry_hash
[idx
];
414 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
417 spin_lock_irqsave(&bucket
->lock
, flags
);
419 list_for_each_entry(entry
, &bucket
->list
, list
) {
420 if (!dev
|| dev
== entry
->dev
) {
422 "%s idx %d P=%Lx N=%lx D=%Lx L=%Lx %s %s\n",
423 type2name
[entry
->type
], idx
,
424 phys_addr(entry
), entry
->pfn
,
425 entry
->dev_addr
, entry
->size
,
426 dir2name
[entry
->direction
],
427 maperr2str
[entry
->map_err_type
]);
431 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bucket
->lock
, flags
);
434 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_dump_mappings
);
437 * For each mapping (initial cacheline in the case of
438 * dma_alloc_coherent/dma_map_page, initial cacheline in each page of a
439 * scatterlist, or the cacheline specified in dma_map_single) insert
440 * into this tree using the cacheline as the key. At
441 * dma_unmap_{single|sg|page} or dma_free_coherent delete the entry. If
442 * the entry already exists at insertion time add a tag as a reference
443 * count for the overlapping mappings. For now, the overlap tracking
444 * just ensures that 'unmaps' balance 'maps' before marking the
445 * cacheline idle, but we should also be flagging overlaps as an API
448 * Memory usage is mostly constrained by the maximum number of available
449 * dma-debug entries in that we need a free dma_debug_entry before
450 * inserting into the tree. In the case of dma_map_page and
451 * dma_alloc_coherent there is only one dma_debug_entry and one
452 * dma_active_cacheline entry to track per event. dma_map_sg(), on the
453 * other hand, consumes a single dma_debug_entry, but inserts 'nents'
454 * entries into the tree.
456 * At any time debug_dma_assert_idle() can be called to trigger a
457 * warning if any cachelines in the given page are in the active set.
459 static RADIX_TREE(dma_active_cacheline
, GFP_NOWAIT
);
460 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(radix_lock
);
461 #define ACTIVE_CACHELINE_MAX_OVERLAP ((1 << RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS) - 1)
462 #define CACHELINE_PER_PAGE_SHIFT (PAGE_SHIFT - L1_CACHE_SHIFT)
463 #define CACHELINES_PER_PAGE (1 << CACHELINE_PER_PAGE_SHIFT)
465 static phys_addr_t
to_cacheline_number(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
467 return (entry
->pfn
<< CACHELINE_PER_PAGE_SHIFT
) +
468 (entry
->offset
>> L1_CACHE_SHIFT
);
471 static int active_cacheline_read_overlap(phys_addr_t cln
)
475 for (i
= RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS
- 1; i
>= 0; i
--)
476 if (radix_tree_tag_get(&dma_active_cacheline
, cln
, i
))
481 static int active_cacheline_set_overlap(phys_addr_t cln
, int overlap
)
485 if (overlap
> ACTIVE_CACHELINE_MAX_OVERLAP
|| overlap
< 0)
488 for (i
= RADIX_TREE_MAX_TAGS
- 1; i
>= 0; i
--)
489 if (overlap
& 1 << i
)
490 radix_tree_tag_set(&dma_active_cacheline
, cln
, i
);
492 radix_tree_tag_clear(&dma_active_cacheline
, cln
, i
);
497 static void active_cacheline_inc_overlap(phys_addr_t cln
)
499 int overlap
= active_cacheline_read_overlap(cln
);
501 overlap
= active_cacheline_set_overlap(cln
, ++overlap
);
503 /* If we overflowed the overlap counter then we're potentially
504 * leaking dma-mappings. Otherwise, if maps and unmaps are
505 * balanced then this overflow may cause false negatives in
506 * debug_dma_assert_idle() as the cacheline may be marked idle
509 WARN_ONCE(overlap
> ACTIVE_CACHELINE_MAX_OVERLAP
,
510 "DMA-API: exceeded %d overlapping mappings of cacheline %pa\n",
511 ACTIVE_CACHELINE_MAX_OVERLAP
, &cln
);
514 static int active_cacheline_dec_overlap(phys_addr_t cln
)
516 int overlap
= active_cacheline_read_overlap(cln
);
518 return active_cacheline_set_overlap(cln
, --overlap
);
521 static int active_cacheline_insert(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
523 phys_addr_t cln
= to_cacheline_number(entry
);
527 /* If the device is not writing memory then we don't have any
528 * concerns about the cpu consuming stale data. This mitigates
529 * legitimate usages of overlapping mappings.
531 if (entry
->direction
== DMA_TO_DEVICE
)
534 spin_lock_irqsave(&radix_lock
, flags
);
535 rc
= radix_tree_insert(&dma_active_cacheline
, cln
, entry
);
537 active_cacheline_inc_overlap(cln
);
538 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&radix_lock
, flags
);
543 static void active_cacheline_remove(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
545 phys_addr_t cln
= to_cacheline_number(entry
);
548 /* ...mirror the insert case */
549 if (entry
->direction
== DMA_TO_DEVICE
)
552 spin_lock_irqsave(&radix_lock
, flags
);
553 /* since we are counting overlaps the final put of the
554 * cacheline will occur when the overlap count is 0.
555 * active_cacheline_dec_overlap() returns -1 in that case
557 if (active_cacheline_dec_overlap(cln
) < 0)
558 radix_tree_delete(&dma_active_cacheline
, cln
);
559 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&radix_lock
, flags
);
563 * debug_dma_assert_idle() - assert that a page is not undergoing dma
564 * @page: page to lookup in the dma_active_cacheline tree
566 * Place a call to this routine in cases where the cpu touching the page
567 * before the dma completes (page is dma_unmapped) will lead to data
570 void debug_dma_assert_idle(struct page
*page
)
572 static struct dma_debug_entry
*ents
[CACHELINES_PER_PAGE
];
573 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
= NULL
;
574 void **results
= (void **) &ents
;
575 unsigned int nents
, i
;
579 if (dma_debug_disabled())
585 cln
= (phys_addr_t
) page_to_pfn(page
) << CACHELINE_PER_PAGE_SHIFT
;
586 spin_lock_irqsave(&radix_lock
, flags
);
587 nents
= radix_tree_gang_lookup(&dma_active_cacheline
, results
, cln
,
588 CACHELINES_PER_PAGE
);
589 for (i
= 0; i
< nents
; i
++) {
590 phys_addr_t ent_cln
= to_cacheline_number(ents
[i
]);
592 if (ent_cln
== cln
) {
595 } else if (ent_cln
>= cln
+ CACHELINES_PER_PAGE
)
598 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&radix_lock
, flags
);
603 cln
= to_cacheline_number(entry
);
604 err_printk(entry
->dev
, entry
,
605 "DMA-API: cpu touching an active dma mapped cacheline [cln=%pa]\n",
610 * Wrapper function for adding an entry to the hash.
611 * This function takes care of locking itself.
613 static void add_dma_entry(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
615 struct hash_bucket
*bucket
;
619 bucket
= get_hash_bucket(entry
, &flags
);
620 hash_bucket_add(bucket
, entry
);
621 put_hash_bucket(bucket
, &flags
);
623 rc
= active_cacheline_insert(entry
);
625 pr_err("DMA-API: cacheline tracking ENOMEM, dma-debug disabled\n");
626 global_disable
= true;
629 /* TODO: report -EEXIST errors here as overlapping mappings are
630 * not supported by the DMA API
634 static struct dma_debug_entry
*__dma_entry_alloc(void)
636 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
638 entry
= list_entry(free_entries
.next
, struct dma_debug_entry
, list
);
639 list_del(&entry
->list
);
640 memset(entry
, 0, sizeof(*entry
));
642 num_free_entries
-= 1;
643 if (num_free_entries
< min_free_entries
)
644 min_free_entries
= num_free_entries
;
649 /* struct dma_entry allocator
651 * The next two functions implement the allocator for
652 * struct dma_debug_entries.
654 static struct dma_debug_entry
*dma_entry_alloc(void)
656 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
659 spin_lock_irqsave(&free_entries_lock
, flags
);
661 if (list_empty(&free_entries
)) {
662 global_disable
= true;
663 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&free_entries_lock
, flags
);
664 pr_err("DMA-API: debugging out of memory - disabling\n");
668 entry
= __dma_entry_alloc();
670 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&free_entries_lock
, flags
);
672 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKTRACE
673 entry
->stacktrace
.max_entries
= DMA_DEBUG_STACKTRACE_ENTRIES
;
674 entry
->stacktrace
.entries
= entry
->st_entries
;
675 entry
->stacktrace
.skip
= 2;
676 save_stack_trace(&entry
->stacktrace
);
682 static void dma_entry_free(struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
)
686 active_cacheline_remove(entry
);
689 * add to beginning of the list - this way the entries are
690 * more likely cache hot when they are reallocated.
692 spin_lock_irqsave(&free_entries_lock
, flags
);
693 list_add(&entry
->list
, &free_entries
);
694 num_free_entries
+= 1;
695 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&free_entries_lock
, flags
);
698 int dma_debug_resize_entries(u32 num_entries
)
700 int i
, delta
, ret
= 0;
702 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
705 spin_lock_irqsave(&free_entries_lock
, flags
);
707 if (nr_total_entries
< num_entries
) {
708 delta
= num_entries
- nr_total_entries
;
710 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&free_entries_lock
, flags
);
712 for (i
= 0; i
< delta
; i
++) {
713 entry
= kzalloc(sizeof(*entry
), GFP_KERNEL
);
717 list_add_tail(&entry
->list
, &tmp
);
720 spin_lock_irqsave(&free_entries_lock
, flags
);
722 list_splice(&tmp
, &free_entries
);
723 nr_total_entries
+= i
;
724 num_free_entries
+= i
;
726 delta
= nr_total_entries
- num_entries
;
728 for (i
= 0; i
< delta
&& !list_empty(&free_entries
); i
++) {
729 entry
= __dma_entry_alloc();
733 nr_total_entries
-= i
;
736 if (nr_total_entries
!= num_entries
)
739 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&free_entries_lock
, flags
);
743 EXPORT_SYMBOL(dma_debug_resize_entries
);
746 * DMA-API debugging init code
748 * The init code does two things:
749 * 1. Initialize core data structures
750 * 2. Preallocate a given number of dma_debug_entry structs
753 static int prealloc_memory(u32 num_entries
)
755 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
, *next_entry
;
758 for (i
= 0; i
< num_entries
; ++i
) {
759 entry
= kzalloc(sizeof(*entry
), GFP_KERNEL
);
763 list_add_tail(&entry
->list
, &free_entries
);
766 num_free_entries
= num_entries
;
767 min_free_entries
= num_entries
;
769 pr_info("DMA-API: preallocated %d debug entries\n", num_entries
);
775 list_for_each_entry_safe(entry
, next_entry
, &free_entries
, list
) {
776 list_del(&entry
->list
);
783 static ssize_t
filter_read(struct file
*file
, char __user
*user_buf
,
784 size_t count
, loff_t
*ppos
)
786 char buf
[NAME_MAX_LEN
+ 1];
790 if (!current_driver_name
[0])
794 * We can't copy to userspace directly because current_driver_name can
795 * only be read under the driver_name_lock with irqs disabled. So
796 * create a temporary copy first.
798 read_lock_irqsave(&driver_name_lock
, flags
);
799 len
= scnprintf(buf
, NAME_MAX_LEN
+ 1, "%s\n", current_driver_name
);
800 read_unlock_irqrestore(&driver_name_lock
, flags
);
802 return simple_read_from_buffer(user_buf
, count
, ppos
, buf
, len
);
805 static ssize_t
filter_write(struct file
*file
, const char __user
*userbuf
,
806 size_t count
, loff_t
*ppos
)
808 char buf
[NAME_MAX_LEN
];
814 * We can't copy from userspace directly. Access to
815 * current_driver_name is protected with a write_lock with irqs
816 * disabled. Since copy_from_user can fault and may sleep we
817 * need to copy to temporary buffer first
819 len
= min(count
, (size_t)(NAME_MAX_LEN
- 1));
820 if (copy_from_user(buf
, userbuf
, len
))
825 write_lock_irqsave(&driver_name_lock
, flags
);
828 * Now handle the string we got from userspace very carefully.
830 * - only use the first token we got
831 * - token delimiter is everything looking like a space
832 * character (' ', '\n', '\t' ...)
835 if (!isalnum(buf
[0])) {
837 * If the first character userspace gave us is not
838 * alphanumerical then assume the filter should be
841 if (current_driver_name
[0])
842 pr_info("DMA-API: switching off dma-debug driver filter\n");
843 current_driver_name
[0] = 0;
844 current_driver
= NULL
;
849 * Now parse out the first token and use it as the name for the
850 * driver to filter for.
852 for (i
= 0; i
< NAME_MAX_LEN
- 1; ++i
) {
853 current_driver_name
[i
] = buf
[i
];
854 if (isspace(buf
[i
]) || buf
[i
] == ' ' || buf
[i
] == 0)
857 current_driver_name
[i
] = 0;
858 current_driver
= NULL
;
860 pr_info("DMA-API: enable driver filter for driver [%s]\n",
861 current_driver_name
);
864 write_unlock_irqrestore(&driver_name_lock
, flags
);
869 static const struct file_operations filter_fops
= {
871 .write
= filter_write
,
872 .llseek
= default_llseek
,
875 static int dma_debug_fs_init(void)
877 dma_debug_dent
= debugfs_create_dir("dma-api", NULL
);
878 if (!dma_debug_dent
) {
879 pr_err("DMA-API: can not create debugfs directory\n");
883 global_disable_dent
= debugfs_create_bool("disabled", 0444,
886 if (!global_disable_dent
)
889 error_count_dent
= debugfs_create_u32("error_count", 0444,
890 dma_debug_dent
, &error_count
);
891 if (!error_count_dent
)
894 show_all_errors_dent
= debugfs_create_u32("all_errors", 0644,
897 if (!show_all_errors_dent
)
900 show_num_errors_dent
= debugfs_create_u32("num_errors", 0644,
903 if (!show_num_errors_dent
)
906 num_free_entries_dent
= debugfs_create_u32("num_free_entries", 0444,
909 if (!num_free_entries_dent
)
912 min_free_entries_dent
= debugfs_create_u32("min_free_entries", 0444,
915 if (!min_free_entries_dent
)
918 filter_dent
= debugfs_create_file("driver_filter", 0644,
919 dma_debug_dent
, NULL
, &filter_fops
);
926 debugfs_remove_recursive(dma_debug_dent
);
931 static int device_dma_allocations(struct device
*dev
, struct dma_debug_entry
**out_entry
)
933 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
937 local_irq_save(flags
);
939 for (i
= 0; i
< HASH_SIZE
; ++i
) {
940 spin_lock(&dma_entry_hash
[i
].lock
);
941 list_for_each_entry(entry
, &dma_entry_hash
[i
].list
, list
) {
942 if (entry
->dev
== dev
) {
947 spin_unlock(&dma_entry_hash
[i
].lock
);
950 local_irq_restore(flags
);
955 static int dma_debug_device_change(struct notifier_block
*nb
, unsigned long action
, void *data
)
957 struct device
*dev
= data
;
958 struct dma_debug_entry
*uninitialized_var(entry
);
961 if (dma_debug_disabled())
965 case BUS_NOTIFY_UNBOUND_DRIVER
:
966 count
= device_dma_allocations(dev
, &entry
);
969 err_printk(dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver has pending "
970 "DMA allocations while released from device "
972 "One of leaked entries details: "
973 "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes] "
974 "[mapped with %s] [mapped as %s]\n",
975 count
, entry
->dev_addr
, entry
->size
,
976 dir2name
[entry
->direction
], type2name
[entry
->type
]);
985 void dma_debug_add_bus(struct bus_type
*bus
)
987 struct notifier_block
*nb
;
989 if (dma_debug_disabled())
992 nb
= kzalloc(sizeof(struct notifier_block
), GFP_KERNEL
);
994 pr_err("dma_debug_add_bus: out of memory\n");
998 nb
->notifier_call
= dma_debug_device_change
;
1000 bus_register_notifier(bus
, nb
);
1004 * Let the architectures decide how many entries should be preallocated.
1006 void dma_debug_init(u32 num_entries
)
1010 /* Do not use dma_debug_initialized here, since we really want to be
1011 * called to set dma_debug_initialized
1016 for (i
= 0; i
< HASH_SIZE
; ++i
) {
1017 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dma_entry_hash
[i
].list
);
1018 spin_lock_init(&dma_entry_hash
[i
].lock
);
1021 if (dma_debug_fs_init() != 0) {
1022 pr_err("DMA-API: error creating debugfs entries - disabling\n");
1023 global_disable
= true;
1029 num_entries
= req_entries
;
1031 if (prealloc_memory(num_entries
) != 0) {
1032 pr_err("DMA-API: debugging out of memory error - disabled\n");
1033 global_disable
= true;
1038 nr_total_entries
= num_free_entries
;
1040 dma_debug_initialized
= true;
1042 pr_info("DMA-API: debugging enabled by kernel config\n");
1045 static __init
int dma_debug_cmdline(char *str
)
1050 if (strncmp(str
, "off", 3) == 0) {
1051 pr_info("DMA-API: debugging disabled on kernel command line\n");
1052 global_disable
= true;
1058 static __init
int dma_debug_entries_cmdline(char *str
)
1065 res
= get_option(&str
, &req_entries
);
1073 __setup("dma_debug=", dma_debug_cmdline
);
1074 __setup("dma_debug_entries=", dma_debug_entries_cmdline
);
1076 static void check_unmap(struct dma_debug_entry
*ref
)
1078 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
1079 struct hash_bucket
*bucket
;
1080 unsigned long flags
;
1082 bucket
= get_hash_bucket(ref
, &flags
);
1083 entry
= bucket_find_exact(bucket
, ref
);
1086 /* must drop lock before calling dma_mapping_error */
1087 put_hash_bucket(bucket
, &flags
);
1089 if (dma_mapping_error(ref
->dev
, ref
->dev_addr
)) {
1090 err_printk(ref
->dev
, NULL
,
1091 "DMA-API: device driver tries to free an "
1092 "invalid DMA memory address\n");
1094 err_printk(ref
->dev
, NULL
,
1095 "DMA-API: device driver tries to free DMA "
1096 "memory it has not allocated [device "
1097 "address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes]\n",
1098 ref
->dev_addr
, ref
->size
);
1103 if (ref
->size
!= entry
->size
) {
1104 err_printk(ref
->dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver frees "
1105 "DMA memory with different size "
1106 "[device address=0x%016llx] [map size=%llu bytes] "
1107 "[unmap size=%llu bytes]\n",
1108 ref
->dev_addr
, entry
->size
, ref
->size
);
1111 if (ref
->type
!= entry
->type
) {
1112 err_printk(ref
->dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver frees "
1113 "DMA memory with wrong function "
1114 "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes] "
1115 "[mapped as %s] [unmapped as %s]\n",
1116 ref
->dev_addr
, ref
->size
,
1117 type2name
[entry
->type
], type2name
[ref
->type
]);
1118 } else if ((entry
->type
== dma_debug_coherent
) &&
1119 (phys_addr(ref
) != phys_addr(entry
))) {
1120 err_printk(ref
->dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver frees "
1121 "DMA memory with different CPU address "
1122 "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes] "
1123 "[cpu alloc address=0x%016llx] "
1124 "[cpu free address=0x%016llx]",
1125 ref
->dev_addr
, ref
->size
,
1130 if (ref
->sg_call_ents
&& ref
->type
== dma_debug_sg
&&
1131 ref
->sg_call_ents
!= entry
->sg_call_ents
) {
1132 err_printk(ref
->dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver frees "
1133 "DMA sg list with different entry count "
1134 "[map count=%d] [unmap count=%d]\n",
1135 entry
->sg_call_ents
, ref
->sg_call_ents
);
1139 * This may be no bug in reality - but most implementations of the
1140 * DMA API don't handle this properly, so check for it here
1142 if (ref
->direction
!= entry
->direction
) {
1143 err_printk(ref
->dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver frees "
1144 "DMA memory with different direction "
1145 "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes] "
1146 "[mapped with %s] [unmapped with %s]\n",
1147 ref
->dev_addr
, ref
->size
,
1148 dir2name
[entry
->direction
],
1149 dir2name
[ref
->direction
]);
1152 if (entry
->map_err_type
== MAP_ERR_NOT_CHECKED
) {
1153 err_printk(ref
->dev
, entry
,
1154 "DMA-API: device driver failed to check map error"
1155 "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes] "
1157 ref
->dev_addr
, ref
->size
,
1158 type2name
[entry
->type
]);
1161 hash_bucket_del(entry
);
1162 dma_entry_free(entry
);
1164 put_hash_bucket(bucket
, &flags
);
1167 static void check_for_stack(struct device
*dev
, void *addr
)
1169 if (object_is_on_stack(addr
))
1170 err_printk(dev
, NULL
, "DMA-API: device driver maps memory from "
1171 "stack [addr=%p]\n", addr
);
1174 static inline bool overlap(void *addr
, unsigned long len
, void *start
, void *end
)
1176 unsigned long a1
= (unsigned long)addr
;
1177 unsigned long b1
= a1
+ len
;
1178 unsigned long a2
= (unsigned long)start
;
1179 unsigned long b2
= (unsigned long)end
;
1181 return !(b1
<= a2
|| a1
>= b2
);
1184 static void check_for_illegal_area(struct device
*dev
, void *addr
, unsigned long len
)
1186 if (overlap(addr
, len
, _stext
, _etext
) ||
1187 overlap(addr
, len
, __start_rodata
, __end_rodata
))
1188 err_printk(dev
, NULL
, "DMA-API: device driver maps memory from kernel text or rodata [addr=%p] [len=%lu]\n", addr
, len
);
1191 static void check_sync(struct device
*dev
,
1192 struct dma_debug_entry
*ref
,
1195 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
1196 struct hash_bucket
*bucket
;
1197 unsigned long flags
;
1199 bucket
= get_hash_bucket(ref
, &flags
);
1201 entry
= bucket_find_contain(&bucket
, ref
, &flags
);
1204 err_printk(dev
, NULL
, "DMA-API: device driver tries "
1205 "to sync DMA memory it has not allocated "
1206 "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes]\n",
1207 (unsigned long long)ref
->dev_addr
, ref
->size
);
1211 if (ref
->size
> entry
->size
) {
1212 err_printk(dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver syncs"
1213 " DMA memory outside allocated range "
1214 "[device address=0x%016llx] "
1215 "[allocation size=%llu bytes] "
1216 "[sync offset+size=%llu]\n",
1217 entry
->dev_addr
, entry
->size
,
1221 if (entry
->direction
== DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL
)
1224 if (ref
->direction
!= entry
->direction
) {
1225 err_printk(dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver syncs "
1226 "DMA memory with different direction "
1227 "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes] "
1228 "[mapped with %s] [synced with %s]\n",
1229 (unsigned long long)ref
->dev_addr
, entry
->size
,
1230 dir2name
[entry
->direction
],
1231 dir2name
[ref
->direction
]);
1234 if (to_cpu
&& !(entry
->direction
== DMA_FROM_DEVICE
) &&
1235 !(ref
->direction
== DMA_TO_DEVICE
))
1236 err_printk(dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver syncs "
1237 "device read-only DMA memory for cpu "
1238 "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes] "
1239 "[mapped with %s] [synced with %s]\n",
1240 (unsigned long long)ref
->dev_addr
, entry
->size
,
1241 dir2name
[entry
->direction
],
1242 dir2name
[ref
->direction
]);
1244 if (!to_cpu
&& !(entry
->direction
== DMA_TO_DEVICE
) &&
1245 !(ref
->direction
== DMA_FROM_DEVICE
))
1246 err_printk(dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver syncs "
1247 "device write-only DMA memory to device "
1248 "[device address=0x%016llx] [size=%llu bytes] "
1249 "[mapped with %s] [synced with %s]\n",
1250 (unsigned long long)ref
->dev_addr
, entry
->size
,
1251 dir2name
[entry
->direction
],
1252 dir2name
[ref
->direction
]);
1254 if (ref
->sg_call_ents
&& ref
->type
== dma_debug_sg
&&
1255 ref
->sg_call_ents
!= entry
->sg_call_ents
) {
1256 err_printk(ref
->dev
, entry
, "DMA-API: device driver syncs "
1257 "DMA sg list with different entry count "
1258 "[map count=%d] [sync count=%d]\n",
1259 entry
->sg_call_ents
, ref
->sg_call_ents
);
1263 put_hash_bucket(bucket
, &flags
);
1266 void debug_dma_map_page(struct device
*dev
, struct page
*page
, size_t offset
,
1267 size_t size
, int direction
, dma_addr_t dma_addr
,
1270 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
1272 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1275 if (dma_mapping_error(dev
, dma_addr
))
1278 entry
= dma_entry_alloc();
1283 entry
->type
= dma_debug_page
;
1284 entry
->pfn
= page_to_pfn(page
);
1285 entry
->offset
= offset
,
1286 entry
->dev_addr
= dma_addr
;
1288 entry
->direction
= direction
;
1289 entry
->map_err_type
= MAP_ERR_NOT_CHECKED
;
1292 entry
->type
= dma_debug_single
;
1294 if (!PageHighMem(page
)) {
1295 void *addr
= page_address(page
) + offset
;
1297 check_for_stack(dev
, addr
);
1298 check_for_illegal_area(dev
, addr
, size
);
1301 add_dma_entry(entry
);
1303 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_map_page
);
1305 void debug_dma_mapping_error(struct device
*dev
, dma_addr_t dma_addr
)
1307 struct dma_debug_entry ref
;
1308 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
1309 struct hash_bucket
*bucket
;
1310 unsigned long flags
;
1312 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1316 ref
.dev_addr
= dma_addr
;
1317 bucket
= get_hash_bucket(&ref
, &flags
);
1319 list_for_each_entry(entry
, &bucket
->list
, list
) {
1320 if (!exact_match(&ref
, entry
))
1324 * The same physical address can be mapped multiple
1325 * times. Without a hardware IOMMU this results in the
1326 * same device addresses being put into the dma-debug
1327 * hash multiple times too. This can result in false
1328 * positives being reported. Therefore we implement a
1329 * best-fit algorithm here which updates the first entry
1330 * from the hash which fits the reference value and is
1331 * not currently listed as being checked.
1333 if (entry
->map_err_type
== MAP_ERR_NOT_CHECKED
) {
1334 entry
->map_err_type
= MAP_ERR_CHECKED
;
1339 put_hash_bucket(bucket
, &flags
);
1341 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_mapping_error
);
1343 void debug_dma_unmap_page(struct device
*dev
, dma_addr_t addr
,
1344 size_t size
, int direction
, bool map_single
)
1346 struct dma_debug_entry ref
= {
1347 .type
= dma_debug_page
,
1351 .direction
= direction
,
1354 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1358 ref
.type
= dma_debug_single
;
1362 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_unmap_page
);
1364 void debug_dma_map_sg(struct device
*dev
, struct scatterlist
*sg
,
1365 int nents
, int mapped_ents
, int direction
)
1367 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
1368 struct scatterlist
*s
;
1371 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1374 for_each_sg(sg
, s
, mapped_ents
, i
) {
1375 entry
= dma_entry_alloc();
1379 entry
->type
= dma_debug_sg
;
1381 entry
->pfn
= page_to_pfn(sg_page(s
));
1382 entry
->offset
= s
->offset
,
1383 entry
->size
= sg_dma_len(s
);
1384 entry
->dev_addr
= sg_dma_address(s
);
1385 entry
->direction
= direction
;
1386 entry
->sg_call_ents
= nents
;
1387 entry
->sg_mapped_ents
= mapped_ents
;
1389 if (!PageHighMem(sg_page(s
))) {
1390 check_for_stack(dev
, sg_virt(s
));
1391 check_for_illegal_area(dev
, sg_virt(s
), sg_dma_len(s
));
1394 add_dma_entry(entry
);
1397 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_map_sg
);
1399 static int get_nr_mapped_entries(struct device
*dev
,
1400 struct dma_debug_entry
*ref
)
1402 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
1403 struct hash_bucket
*bucket
;
1404 unsigned long flags
;
1407 bucket
= get_hash_bucket(ref
, &flags
);
1408 entry
= bucket_find_exact(bucket
, ref
);
1412 mapped_ents
= entry
->sg_mapped_ents
;
1413 put_hash_bucket(bucket
, &flags
);
1418 void debug_dma_unmap_sg(struct device
*dev
, struct scatterlist
*sglist
,
1419 int nelems
, int dir
)
1421 struct scatterlist
*s
;
1422 int mapped_ents
= 0, i
;
1424 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1427 for_each_sg(sglist
, s
, nelems
, i
) {
1429 struct dma_debug_entry ref
= {
1430 .type
= dma_debug_sg
,
1432 .pfn
= page_to_pfn(sg_page(s
)),
1433 .offset
= s
->offset
,
1434 .dev_addr
= sg_dma_address(s
),
1435 .size
= sg_dma_len(s
),
1437 .sg_call_ents
= nelems
,
1440 if (mapped_ents
&& i
>= mapped_ents
)
1444 mapped_ents
= get_nr_mapped_entries(dev
, &ref
);
1449 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_unmap_sg
);
1451 void debug_dma_alloc_coherent(struct device
*dev
, size_t size
,
1452 dma_addr_t dma_addr
, void *virt
)
1454 struct dma_debug_entry
*entry
;
1456 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1459 if (unlikely(virt
== NULL
))
1462 entry
= dma_entry_alloc();
1466 entry
->type
= dma_debug_coherent
;
1468 entry
->pfn
= page_to_pfn(virt_to_page(virt
));
1469 entry
->offset
= (size_t) virt
& ~PAGE_MASK
;
1471 entry
->dev_addr
= dma_addr
;
1472 entry
->direction
= DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL
;
1474 add_dma_entry(entry
);
1476 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_alloc_coherent
);
1478 void debug_dma_free_coherent(struct device
*dev
, size_t size
,
1479 void *virt
, dma_addr_t addr
)
1481 struct dma_debug_entry ref
= {
1482 .type
= dma_debug_coherent
,
1484 .pfn
= page_to_pfn(virt_to_page(virt
)),
1485 .offset
= (size_t) virt
& ~PAGE_MASK
,
1488 .direction
= DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL
,
1491 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1496 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_free_coherent
);
1498 void debug_dma_sync_single_for_cpu(struct device
*dev
, dma_addr_t dma_handle
,
1499 size_t size
, int direction
)
1501 struct dma_debug_entry ref
;
1503 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1506 ref
.type
= dma_debug_single
;
1508 ref
.dev_addr
= dma_handle
;
1510 ref
.direction
= direction
;
1511 ref
.sg_call_ents
= 0;
1513 check_sync(dev
, &ref
, true);
1515 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_sync_single_for_cpu
);
1517 void debug_dma_sync_single_for_device(struct device
*dev
,
1518 dma_addr_t dma_handle
, size_t size
,
1521 struct dma_debug_entry ref
;
1523 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1526 ref
.type
= dma_debug_single
;
1528 ref
.dev_addr
= dma_handle
;
1530 ref
.direction
= direction
;
1531 ref
.sg_call_ents
= 0;
1533 check_sync(dev
, &ref
, false);
1535 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_sync_single_for_device
);
1537 void debug_dma_sync_single_range_for_cpu(struct device
*dev
,
1538 dma_addr_t dma_handle
,
1539 unsigned long offset
, size_t size
,
1542 struct dma_debug_entry ref
;
1544 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1547 ref
.type
= dma_debug_single
;
1549 ref
.dev_addr
= dma_handle
;
1550 ref
.size
= offset
+ size
;
1551 ref
.direction
= direction
;
1552 ref
.sg_call_ents
= 0;
1554 check_sync(dev
, &ref
, true);
1556 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_sync_single_range_for_cpu
);
1558 void debug_dma_sync_single_range_for_device(struct device
*dev
,
1559 dma_addr_t dma_handle
,
1560 unsigned long offset
,
1561 size_t size
, int direction
)
1563 struct dma_debug_entry ref
;
1565 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1568 ref
.type
= dma_debug_single
;
1570 ref
.dev_addr
= dma_handle
;
1571 ref
.size
= offset
+ size
;
1572 ref
.direction
= direction
;
1573 ref
.sg_call_ents
= 0;
1575 check_sync(dev
, &ref
, false);
1577 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_sync_single_range_for_device
);
1579 void debug_dma_sync_sg_for_cpu(struct device
*dev
, struct scatterlist
*sg
,
1580 int nelems
, int direction
)
1582 struct scatterlist
*s
;
1583 int mapped_ents
= 0, i
;
1585 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1588 for_each_sg(sg
, s
, nelems
, i
) {
1590 struct dma_debug_entry ref
= {
1591 .type
= dma_debug_sg
,
1593 .pfn
= page_to_pfn(sg_page(s
)),
1594 .offset
= s
->offset
,
1595 .dev_addr
= sg_dma_address(s
),
1596 .size
= sg_dma_len(s
),
1597 .direction
= direction
,
1598 .sg_call_ents
= nelems
,
1602 mapped_ents
= get_nr_mapped_entries(dev
, &ref
);
1604 if (i
>= mapped_ents
)
1607 check_sync(dev
, &ref
, true);
1610 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_sync_sg_for_cpu
);
1612 void debug_dma_sync_sg_for_device(struct device
*dev
, struct scatterlist
*sg
,
1613 int nelems
, int direction
)
1615 struct scatterlist
*s
;
1616 int mapped_ents
= 0, i
;
1618 if (unlikely(dma_debug_disabled()))
1621 for_each_sg(sg
, s
, nelems
, i
) {
1623 struct dma_debug_entry ref
= {
1624 .type
= dma_debug_sg
,
1626 .pfn
= page_to_pfn(sg_page(s
)),
1627 .offset
= s
->offset
,
1628 .dev_addr
= sg_dma_address(s
),
1629 .size
= sg_dma_len(s
),
1630 .direction
= direction
,
1631 .sg_call_ents
= nelems
,
1634 mapped_ents
= get_nr_mapped_entries(dev
, &ref
);
1636 if (i
>= mapped_ents
)
1639 check_sync(dev
, &ref
, false);
1642 EXPORT_SYMBOL(debug_dma_sync_sg_for_device
);
1644 static int __init
dma_debug_driver_setup(char *str
)
1648 for (i
= 0; i
< NAME_MAX_LEN
- 1; ++i
, ++str
) {
1649 current_driver_name
[i
] = *str
;
1654 if (current_driver_name
[0])
1655 pr_info("DMA-API: enable driver filter for driver [%s]\n",
1656 current_driver_name
);
1661 __setup("dma_debug_driver=", dma_debug_driver_setup
);