2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
3 To use the vfat filesystem, use the filesystem type 'vfat'. i.e.
4 mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt
6 No special partition formatter is required. mkdosfs will work fine
7 if you want to format from within Linux.
10 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
11 umask=### -- The permission mask (for files and directories, see umask(1)).
12 The default is the umask of current process.
14 dmask=### -- The permission mask for the directory.
15 The default is the umask of current process.
17 fmask=### -- The permission mask for files.
18 The default is the umask of current process.
20 codepage=### -- Sets the codepage number for converting to shortname
21 characters on FAT filesystem.
22 By default, FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE setting is used.
24 iocharset=name -- Character set to use for converting between the
25 encoding is used for user visible filename and 16 bit
26 Unicode characters. Long filenames are stored on disk
27 in Unicode format, but Unix for the most part doesn't
28 know how to deal with Unicode.
29 By default, FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET setting is used.
31 There is also an option of doing UTF-8 translations
34 NOTE: "iocharset=utf8" is not recommended. If unsure,
35 you should consider the following option instead.
37 utf8=<bool> -- UTF-8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
38 is used by the console. It can be enabled for the
39 filesystem with this option. If 'uni_xlate' gets set,
42 uni_xlate=<bool> -- Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special
43 escaped sequences. This would let you backup and
44 restore filenames that are created with any Unicode
45 characters. Until Linux supports Unicode for real,
46 this gives you an alternative. Without this option,
47 a '?' is used when no translation is possible. The
48 escape character is ':' because it is otherwise
49 illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence
50 that gets used is ':' and the four digits of hexadecimal
53 nonumtail=<bool> -- When creating 8.3 aliases, normally the alias will
54 end in '~1' or tilde followed by some number. If this
55 option is set, then if the filename is
56 "longfilename.txt" and "longfile.txt" does not
57 currently exist in the directory, 'longfile.txt' will
58 be the short alias instead of 'longfi~1.txt'.
60 usefree -- Use the "free clusters" value stored on FSINFO. It'll
61 be used to determine number of free clusters without
62 scanning disk. But it's not used by default, because
63 recent Windows don't update it correctly in some
64 case. If you are sure the "free clusters" on FSINFO is
65 correct, by this option you can avoid scanning disk.
67 quiet -- Stops printing certain warning messages.
69 check=s|r|n -- Case sensitivity checking setting.
70 s: strict, case sensitive
71 r: relaxed, case insensitive
72 n: normal, default setting, currently case insensitive
74 shortname=lower|win95|winnt|mixed
75 -- Shortname display/create setting.
76 lower: convert to lowercase for display,
77 emulate the Windows 95 rule for create.
78 win95: emulate the Windows 95 rule for display/create.
79 winnt: emulate the Windows NT rule for display/create.
80 mixed: emulate the Windows NT rule for display,
81 emulate the Windows 95 rule for create.
82 Default setting is `lower'.
84 <bool>: 0,1,yes,no,true,false
87 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
88 * Need to get rid of the raw scanning stuff. Instead, always use
89 a get next directory entry approach. The only thing left that uses
90 raw scanning is the directory renaming code.
94 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
95 * vfat_valid_longname does not properly checked reserved names.
96 * When a volume name is the same as a directory name in the root
97 directory of the filesystem, the directory name sometimes shows
99 * autoconv option does not work correctly.
102 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
103 If you have trouble with the VFAT filesystem, mail bug reports to
104 chaffee@bmrc.cs.berkeley.edu. Please specify the filename
105 and the operation that gave you trouble.
108 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
109 If you plan to make any modifications to the vfat filesystem, please
110 get the test suite that comes with the vfat distribution at
112 http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/vfat.html
114 This tests quite a few parts of the vfat filesystem and additional
115 tests for new features or untested features would be appreciated.
117 NOTES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE VFAT FILESYSTEM
118 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
119 (This documentation was provided by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cs.rochester.edu>
120 and lightly annotated by Gordon Chaffee).
122 This document presents a very rough, technical overview of my
123 knowledge of the extended FAT file system used in Windows NT 3.5 and
124 Windows 95. I don't guarantee that any of the following is correct,
125 but it appears to be so.
127 The extended FAT file system is almost identical to the FAT
128 file system used in DOS versions up to and including 6.223410239847
129 :-). The significant change has been the addition of long file names.
130 These names support up to 255 characters including spaces and lower
131 case characters as opposed to the traditional 8.3 short names.
133 Here is the description of the traditional FAT entry in the current
134 Windows 95 filesystem:
136 struct directory { // Short 8.3 names
137 unsigned char name[8]; // file name
138 unsigned char ext[3]; // file extension
139 unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
140 unsigned char lcase; // Case for base and extension
141 unsigned char ctime_ms; // Creation time, milliseconds
142 unsigned char ctime[2]; // Creation time
143 unsigned char cdate[2]; // Creation date
144 unsigned char adate[2]; // Last access date
145 unsigned char reserved[2]; // reserved values (ignored)
146 unsigned char time[2]; // time stamp
147 unsigned char date[2]; // date stamp
148 unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
149 unsigned char size[4]; // size of the file
152 The lcase field specifies if the base and/or the extension of an 8.3
153 name should be capitalized. This field does not seem to be used by
154 Windows 95 but it is used by Windows NT. The case of filenames is not
155 completely compatible from Windows NT to Windows 95. It is not completely
156 compatible in the reverse direction, however. Filenames that fit in
157 the 8.3 namespace and are written on Windows NT to be lowercase will
158 show up as uppercase on Windows 95.
160 Note that the "start" and "size" values are actually little
161 endian integer values. The descriptions of the fields in this
162 structure are public knowledge and can be found elsewhere.
164 With the extended FAT system, Microsoft has inserted extra
165 directory entries for any files with extended names. (Any name which
166 legally fits within the old 8.3 encoding scheme does not have extra
167 entries.) I call these extra entries slots. Basically, a slot is a
168 specially formatted directory entry which holds up to 13 characters of
169 a file's extended name. Think of slots as additional labeling for the
170 directory entry of the file to which they correspond. Microsoft
171 prefers to refer to the 8.3 entry for a file as its alias and the
172 extended slot directory entries as the file name.
174 The C structure for a slot directory entry follows:
176 struct slot { // Up to 13 characters of a long name
177 unsigned char id; // sequence number for slot
178 unsigned char name0_4[10]; // first 5 characters in name
179 unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
180 unsigned char reserved; // always 0
181 unsigned char alias_checksum; // checksum for 8.3 alias
182 unsigned char name5_10[12]; // 6 more characters in name
183 unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
184 unsigned char name11_12[4]; // last 2 characters in name
187 If the layout of the slots looks a little odd, it's only
188 because of Microsoft's efforts to maintain compatibility with old
189 software. The slots must be disguised to prevent old software from
190 panicking. To this end, a number of measures are taken:
192 1) The attribute byte for a slot directory entry is always set
193 to 0x0f. This corresponds to an old directory entry with
194 attributes of "hidden", "system", "read-only", and "volume
195 label". Most old software will ignore any directory
196 entries with the "volume label" bit set. Real volume label
197 entries don't have the other three bits set.
199 2) The starting cluster is always set to 0, an impossible
200 value for a DOS file.
202 Because the extended FAT system is backward compatible, it is
203 possible for old software to modify directory entries. Measures must
204 be taken to ensure the validity of slots. An extended FAT system can
205 verify that a slot does in fact belong to an 8.3 directory entry by
208 1) Positioning. Slots for a file always immediately proceed
209 their corresponding 8.3 directory entry. In addition, each
210 slot has an id which marks its order in the extended file
211 name. Here is a very abbreviated view of an 8.3 directory
212 entry and its corresponding long name slots for the file
213 "My Big File.Extension which is long":
215 <proceeding files...>
216 <slot #3, id = 0x43, characters = "h is long">
217 <slot #2, id = 0x02, characters = "xtension whic">
218 <slot #1, id = 0x01, characters = "My Big File.E">
219 <directory entry, name = "MYBIGFIL.EXT">
221 Note that the slots are stored from last to first. Slots
222 are numbered from 1 to N. The Nth slot is or'ed with 0x40
223 to mark it as the last one.
225 2) Checksum. Each slot has an "alias_checksum" value. The
226 checksum is calculated from the 8.3 name using the
229 for (sum = i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
230 sum = (((sum&1)<<7)|((sum&0xfe)>>1)) + name[i]
233 3) If there is free space in the final slot, a Unicode NULL (0x0000)
234 is stored after the final character. After that, all unused
235 characters in the final slot are set to Unicode 0xFFFF.
237 Finally, note that the extended name is stored in Unicode. Each Unicode
238 character takes two bytes.