5 An overview of the concepts and the related functions in the Linux kernel
7 Patrick Mochel <mochel@transmeta.com>
10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
13 2. How the PCI Subsystem Does Power Management
14 3. PCI Utility Functions
21 The PCI Power Management Specification was introduced between the PCI 2.1 and
22 PCI 2.2 Specifications. It a standard interface for controlling various
23 power management operations.
25 Implementation of the PCI PM Spec is optional, as are several sub-components of
26 it. If a device supports the PCI PM Spec, the device will have an 8 byte
27 capability field in its PCI configuration space. This field is used to describe
28 and control the standard PCI power management features.
30 The PCI PM spec defines 4 operating states for devices (D0 - D3) and for buses
31 (B0 - B3). The higher the number, the less power the device consumes. However,
32 the higher the number, the longer the latency is for the device to return to
33 an operational state (D0).
35 There are actually two D3 states. When someone talks about D3, they usually
36 mean D3hot, which corresponds to an ACPI D2 state (power is reduced, the
37 device may lose some context). But they may also mean D3cold, which is an
38 ACPI D3 state (power is fully off, all state was discarded); or both.
40 Bus power management is not covered in this version of this document.
42 Note that all PCI devices support D0 and D3cold by default, regardless of
43 whether or not they implement any of the PCI PM spec.
45 The possible state transitions that a device can undergo are:
47 +---------------------------+
48 | Current State | New State |
49 +---------------------------+
51 +---------------------------+
53 +---------------------------+
55 +---------------------------+
57 +---------------------------+
59 Note that when the system is entering a global suspend state, all devices will
60 be placed into D3 and when resuming, all devices will be placed into D0.
61 However, when the system is running, other state transitions are possible.
63 2. How The PCI Subsystem Handles Power Management
64 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
66 The PCI suspend/resume functionality is accessed indirectly via the Power
67 Management subsystem. At boot, the PCI driver registers a power management
68 callback with that layer. Upon entering a suspend state, the PM layer iterates
69 through all of its registered callbacks. This currently takes place only during
70 APM state transitions.
72 Upon going to sleep, the PCI subsystem walks its device tree twice. Both times,
73 it does a depth first walk of the device tree. The first walk saves each of the
74 device's state and checks for devices that will prevent the system from entering
75 a global power state. The next walk then places the devices in a low power
78 The first walk allows a graceful recovery in the event of a failure, since none
79 of the devices have actually been powered down.
81 In both walks, in particular the second, all children of a bridge are touched
82 before the actual bridge itself. This allows the bridge to retain power while
83 its children are being accessed.
85 Upon resuming from sleep, just the opposite must be true: all bridges must be
86 powered on and restored before their children are powered on. This is easily
87 accomplished with a breadth-first walk of the PCI device tree.
90 3. PCI Utility Functions
91 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
93 These are helper functions designed to be called by individual device drivers.
94 Assuming that a device behaves as advertised, these should be applicable in most
95 cases. However, results may vary.
97 Note that these functions are never implicitly called for the driver. The driver
98 is always responsible for deciding when and if to call these.
105 pci_save_state(dev, buffer);
108 Save first 64 bytes of PCI config space. Buffer must be allocated by
116 pci_restore_state(dev, buffer);
119 Restore previously saved config space. (First 64 bytes only);
121 If buffer is NULL, then restore what information we know about the
122 device from bootup: BARs and interrupt line.
129 pci_set_power_state(dev, state);
132 Transition device to low power state using PCI PM Capabilities
135 Will fail under one of the following conditions:
136 - If state is less than current state, but not D0 (illegal transition)
137 - Device doesn't support PM Capabilities
138 - Device does not support requested state
145 pci_enable_wake(dev, state, enable);
148 Enable device to generate PME# during low power state using PCI PM
151 Checks whether if device supports generating PME# from requested state
152 and fail if it does not, unless enable == 0 (request is to disable wake
153 events, which is implicit if it doesn't even support it in the first
156 Note that the PMC Register in the device's PM Capabilties has a bitmask
157 of the states it supports generating PME# from. D3hot is bit 3 and
158 D3cold is bit 4. So, while a value of 4 as the state may not seem
159 semantically correct, it is.
162 4. PCI Device Drivers
163 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
165 These functions are intended for use by individual drivers, and are defined in
168 int (*suspend) (struct pci_dev *dev, pm_message_t state);
169 int (*resume) (struct pci_dev *dev);
170 int (*enable_wake) (struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state, int enable);
178 if (dev->driver && dev->driver->suspend)
179 dev->driver->suspend(dev,state);
181 A driver uses this function to actually transition the device into a low power
182 state. This should include disabling I/O, IRQs, and bus-mastering, as well as
183 physically transitioning the device to a lower power state; it may also include
184 calls to pci_enable_wake().
186 Bus mastering may be disabled by doing:
188 pci_disable_device(dev);
190 For devices that support the PCI PM Spec, this may be used to set the device's
191 power state to match the suspend() parameter:
193 pci_set_power_state(dev,state);
195 The driver is also responsible for disabling any other device-specific features
196 (e.g blanking screen, turning off on-card memory, etc).
198 The driver should be sure to track the current state of the device, as it may
199 obviate the need for some operations.
201 The driver should update the current_state field in its pci_dev structure in
202 this function, except for PM-capable devices when pci_set_power_state is used.
209 if (dev->driver && dev->driver->suspend)
210 dev->driver->resume(dev)
212 The resume callback may be called from any power state, and is always meant to
213 transition the device to the D0 state.
215 The driver is responsible for reenabling any features of the device that had
216 been disabled during previous suspend calls, such as IRQs and bus mastering,
217 as well as calling pci_restore_state().
219 If the device is currently in D3, it may need to be reinitialized in resume().
221 * Some types of devices, like bus controllers, will preserve context in D3hot
222 (using Vcc power). Their drivers will often want to avoid re-initializing
223 them after re-entering D0 (perhaps to avoid resetting downstream devices).
225 * Other kinds of devices in D3hot will discard device context as part of a
226 soft reset when re-entering the D0 state.
228 * Devices resuming from D3cold always go through a power-on reset. Some
229 device context can also be preserved using Vaux power.
231 * Some systems hide D3cold resume paths from drivers. For example, on PCs
232 the resume path for suspend-to-disk often runs BIOS powerup code, which
233 will sometimes re-initialize the device.
235 To handle resets during D3 to D0 transitions, it may be convenient to share
236 device initialization code between probe() and resume(). Device parameters
237 can also be saved before the driver suspends into D3, avoiding re-probe.
239 If the device supports the PCI PM Spec, it can use this to physically transition
242 pci_set_power_state(dev,0);
244 Note that if the entire system is transitioning out of a global sleep state, all
245 devices will be placed in the D0 state, so this is not necessary. However, in
246 the event that the device is placed in the D3 state during normal operation,
247 this call is necessary. It is impossible to determine which of the two events is
248 taking place in the driver, so it is always a good idea to make that call.
250 The driver should take note of the state that it is resuming from in order to
251 ensure correct (and speedy) operation.
253 The driver should update the current_state field in its pci_dev structure in
254 this function, except for PM-capable devices when pci_set_power_state is used.
262 if (dev->driver && dev->driver->enable_wake)
263 dev->driver->enable_wake(dev,state,enable);
265 This callback is generally only relevant for devices that support the PCI PM
266 spec and have the ability to generate a PME# (Power Management Event Signal)
267 to wake the system up. (However, it is possible that a device may support
268 some non-standard way of generating a wake event on sleep.)
270 Bits 15:11 of the PMC (Power Mgmt Capabilities) Register in a device's
271 PM Capabilties describe what power states the device supports generating a
284 A device can use this to enable wake events:
286 pci_enable_wake(dev,state,enable);
288 Note that to enable PME# from D3cold, a value of 4 should be passed to
289 pci_enable_wake (since it uses an index into a bitmask). If a driver gets
290 a request to enable wake events from D3, two calls should be made to
291 pci_enable_wake (one for both D3hot and D3cold).
294 A reference implementation
295 -------------------------
298 /* driver specific operations */
307 /* Disable IO/bus master/irq router */
308 pci_disable_device();
309 pci_set_power_state(pci_choose_state());
314 pci_set_power_state(PCI_D0);
316 /* device's irq possibly is changed, driver should take care */
320 /* if using MSI, device's vector possibly is changed */
324 /* driver specific operations; */
327 This is a typical implementation. Drivers can slightly change the order
328 of the operations in the implementation, ignore some operations or add
329 more deriver specific operations in it, but drivers should do something like
335 PCI Local Bus Specification
336 PCI Bus Power Management Interface Specification
338 http://www.pcisig.com