2 * Read-Copy Update mechanism for mutual exclusion
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 * (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
18 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2001
20 * Authors: Dipankar Sarma <dipankar@in.ibm.com>
21 * Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
23 * Based on the original work by Paul McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
24 * and inputs from Rusty Russell, Andrea Arcangeli and Andi Kleen.
26 * http://www.rdrop.com/users/paulmck/paper/rclockpdcsproof.pdf
27 * http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/rclock_OLS.2001.05.01c.sc.pdf (OLS2001)
29 * For detailed explanation of Read-Copy Update mechanism see -
30 * http://lse.sourceforge.net/locking/rcupdate.html
33 #include <linux/types.h>
34 #include <linux/kernel.h>
35 #include <linux/init.h>
36 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
37 #include <linux/smp.h>
38 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
39 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
40 #include <linux/sched.h>
41 #include <asm/atomic.h>
42 #include <linux/bitops.h>
43 #include <linux/module.h>
44 #include <linux/completion.h>
45 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
46 #include <linux/percpu.h>
47 #include <linux/notifier.h>
48 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
49 #include <linux/cpu.h>
50 #include <linux/mutex.h>
52 /* Definition for rcupdate control block. */
53 static struct rcu_ctrlblk rcu_ctrlblk
= {
56 .lock
= __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(&rcu_ctrlblk
.lock
),
57 .cpumask
= CPU_MASK_NONE
,
59 static struct rcu_ctrlblk rcu_bh_ctrlblk
= {
62 .lock
= __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(&rcu_bh_ctrlblk
.lock
),
63 .cpumask
= CPU_MASK_NONE
,
66 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_data
, rcu_data
) = { 0L };
67 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_data
, rcu_bh_data
) = { 0L };
69 /* Fake initialization required by compiler */
70 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct tasklet_struct
, rcu_tasklet
) = {NULL
};
71 static int blimit
= 10;
72 static int qhimark
= 10000;
73 static int qlowmark
= 100;
75 static int rsinterval
= 1000;
78 static atomic_t rcu_barrier_cpu_count
;
79 static DEFINE_MUTEX(rcu_barrier_mutex
);
80 static struct completion rcu_barrier_completion
;
83 static void force_quiescent_state(struct rcu_data
*rdp
,
84 struct rcu_ctrlblk
*rcp
)
89 if (unlikely(rdp
->qlen
- rdp
->last_rs_qlen
> rsinterval
)) {
90 rdp
->last_rs_qlen
= rdp
->qlen
;
92 * Don't send IPI to itself. With irqs disabled,
93 * rdp->cpu is the current cpu.
95 cpumask
= rcp
->cpumask
;
96 cpu_clear(rdp
->cpu
, cpumask
);
97 for_each_cpu_mask(cpu
, cpumask
)
98 smp_send_reschedule(cpu
);
102 static inline void force_quiescent_state(struct rcu_data
*rdp
,
103 struct rcu_ctrlblk
*rcp
)
110 * call_rcu - Queue an RCU callback for invocation after a grace period.
111 * @head: structure to be used for queueing the RCU updates.
112 * @func: actual update function to be invoked after the grace period
114 * The update function will be invoked some time after a full grace
115 * period elapses, in other words after all currently executing RCU
116 * read-side critical sections have completed. RCU read-side critical
117 * sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(),
120 void fastcall
call_rcu(struct rcu_head
*head
,
121 void (*func
)(struct rcu_head
*rcu
))
124 struct rcu_data
*rdp
;
128 local_irq_save(flags
);
129 rdp
= &__get_cpu_var(rcu_data
);
130 *rdp
->nxttail
= head
;
131 rdp
->nxttail
= &head
->next
;
132 if (unlikely(++rdp
->qlen
> qhimark
)) {
133 rdp
->blimit
= INT_MAX
;
134 force_quiescent_state(rdp
, &rcu_ctrlblk
);
136 local_irq_restore(flags
);
140 * call_rcu_bh - Queue an RCU for invocation after a quicker grace period.
141 * @head: structure to be used for queueing the RCU updates.
142 * @func: actual update function to be invoked after the grace period
144 * The update function will be invoked some time after a full grace
145 * period elapses, in other words after all currently executing RCU
146 * read-side critical sections have completed. call_rcu_bh() assumes
147 * that the read-side critical sections end on completion of a softirq
148 * handler. This means that read-side critical sections in process
149 * context must not be interrupted by softirqs. This interface is to be
150 * used when most of the read-side critical sections are in softirq context.
151 * RCU read-side critical sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock() and
152 * rcu_read_unlock(), * if in interrupt context or rcu_read_lock_bh()
153 * and rcu_read_unlock_bh(), if in process context. These may be nested.
155 void fastcall
call_rcu_bh(struct rcu_head
*head
,
156 void (*func
)(struct rcu_head
*rcu
))
159 struct rcu_data
*rdp
;
163 local_irq_save(flags
);
164 rdp
= &__get_cpu_var(rcu_bh_data
);
165 *rdp
->nxttail
= head
;
166 rdp
->nxttail
= &head
->next
;
168 if (unlikely(++rdp
->qlen
> qhimark
)) {
169 rdp
->blimit
= INT_MAX
;
170 force_quiescent_state(rdp
, &rcu_bh_ctrlblk
);
173 local_irq_restore(flags
);
177 * Return the number of RCU batches processed thus far. Useful
178 * for debug and statistics.
180 long rcu_batches_completed(void)
182 return rcu_ctrlblk
.completed
;
186 * Return the number of RCU batches processed thus far. Useful
187 * for debug and statistics.
189 long rcu_batches_completed_bh(void)
191 return rcu_bh_ctrlblk
.completed
;
194 static void rcu_barrier_callback(struct rcu_head
*notused
)
196 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count
))
197 complete(&rcu_barrier_completion
);
201 * Called with preemption disabled, and from cross-cpu IRQ context.
203 static void rcu_barrier_func(void *notused
)
205 int cpu
= smp_processor_id();
206 struct rcu_data
*rdp
= &per_cpu(rcu_data
, cpu
);
207 struct rcu_head
*head
;
209 head
= &rdp
->barrier
;
210 atomic_inc(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count
);
211 call_rcu(head
, rcu_barrier_callback
);
215 * rcu_barrier - Wait until all the in-flight RCUs are complete.
217 void rcu_barrier(void)
219 BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
220 /* Take cpucontrol mutex to protect against CPU hotplug */
221 mutex_lock(&rcu_barrier_mutex
);
222 init_completion(&rcu_barrier_completion
);
223 atomic_set(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count
, 0);
224 on_each_cpu(rcu_barrier_func
, NULL
, 0, 1);
225 wait_for_completion(&rcu_barrier_completion
);
226 mutex_unlock(&rcu_barrier_mutex
);
228 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_barrier
);
231 * Invoke the completed RCU callbacks. They are expected to be in
234 static void rcu_do_batch(struct rcu_data
*rdp
)
236 struct rcu_head
*next
, *list
;
239 list
= rdp
->donelist
;
241 next
= rdp
->donelist
= list
->next
;
245 if (++count
>= rdp
->blimit
)
248 if (rdp
->blimit
== INT_MAX
&& rdp
->qlen
<= qlowmark
)
249 rdp
->blimit
= blimit
;
251 rdp
->donetail
= &rdp
->donelist
;
253 tasklet_schedule(&per_cpu(rcu_tasklet
, rdp
->cpu
));
257 * Grace period handling:
258 * The grace period handling consists out of two steps:
259 * - A new grace period is started.
260 * This is done by rcu_start_batch. The start is not broadcasted to
261 * all cpus, they must pick this up by comparing rcp->cur with
262 * rdp->quiescbatch. All cpus are recorded in the
263 * rcu_ctrlblk.cpumask bitmap.
264 * - All cpus must go through a quiescent state.
265 * Since the start of the grace period is not broadcasted, at least two
266 * calls to rcu_check_quiescent_state are required:
267 * The first call just notices that a new grace period is running. The
268 * following calls check if there was a quiescent state since the beginning
269 * of the grace period. If so, it updates rcu_ctrlblk.cpumask. If
270 * the bitmap is empty, then the grace period is completed.
271 * rcu_check_quiescent_state calls rcu_start_batch(0) to start the next grace
272 * period (if necessary).
275 * Register a new batch of callbacks, and start it up if there is currently no
276 * active batch and the batch to be registered has not already occurred.
277 * Caller must hold rcu_ctrlblk.lock.
279 static void rcu_start_batch(struct rcu_ctrlblk
*rcp
)
281 if (rcp
->next_pending
&&
282 rcp
->completed
== rcp
->cur
) {
283 rcp
->next_pending
= 0;
285 * next_pending == 0 must be visible in
286 * __rcu_process_callbacks() before it can see new value of cur.
292 * Accessing nohz_cpu_mask before incrementing rcp->cur needs a
293 * Barrier Otherwise it can cause tickless idle CPUs to be
294 * included in rcp->cpumask, which will extend graceperiods
298 cpus_andnot(rcp
->cpumask
, cpu_online_map
, nohz_cpu_mask
);
304 * cpu went through a quiescent state since the beginning of the grace period.
305 * Clear it from the cpu mask and complete the grace period if it was the last
306 * cpu. Start another grace period if someone has further entries pending
308 static void cpu_quiet(int cpu
, struct rcu_ctrlblk
*rcp
)
310 cpu_clear(cpu
, rcp
->cpumask
);
311 if (cpus_empty(rcp
->cpumask
)) {
312 /* batch completed ! */
313 rcp
->completed
= rcp
->cur
;
314 rcu_start_batch(rcp
);
319 * Check if the cpu has gone through a quiescent state (say context
320 * switch). If so and if it already hasn't done so in this RCU
321 * quiescent cycle, then indicate that it has done so.
323 static void rcu_check_quiescent_state(struct rcu_ctrlblk
*rcp
,
324 struct rcu_data
*rdp
)
326 if (rdp
->quiescbatch
!= rcp
->cur
) {
327 /* start new grace period: */
329 rdp
->passed_quiesc
= 0;
330 rdp
->quiescbatch
= rcp
->cur
;
334 /* Grace period already completed for this cpu?
335 * qs_pending is checked instead of the actual bitmap to avoid
336 * cacheline trashing.
338 if (!rdp
->qs_pending
)
342 * Was there a quiescent state since the beginning of the grace
343 * period? If no, then exit and wait for the next call.
345 if (!rdp
->passed_quiesc
)
349 spin_lock(&rcp
->lock
);
351 * rdp->quiescbatch/rcp->cur and the cpu bitmap can come out of sync
352 * during cpu startup. Ignore the quiescent state.
354 if (likely(rdp
->quiescbatch
== rcp
->cur
))
355 cpu_quiet(rdp
->cpu
, rcp
);
357 spin_unlock(&rcp
->lock
);
361 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
363 /* warning! helper for rcu_offline_cpu. do not use elsewhere without reviewing
364 * locking requirements, the list it's pulling from has to belong to a cpu
365 * which is dead and hence not processing interrupts.
367 static void rcu_move_batch(struct rcu_data
*this_rdp
, struct rcu_head
*list
,
368 struct rcu_head
**tail
)
371 *this_rdp
->nxttail
= list
;
373 this_rdp
->nxttail
= tail
;
377 static void __rcu_offline_cpu(struct rcu_data
*this_rdp
,
378 struct rcu_ctrlblk
*rcp
, struct rcu_data
*rdp
)
380 /* if the cpu going offline owns the grace period
381 * we can block indefinitely waiting for it, so flush
384 spin_lock_bh(&rcp
->lock
);
385 if (rcp
->cur
!= rcp
->completed
)
386 cpu_quiet(rdp
->cpu
, rcp
);
387 spin_unlock_bh(&rcp
->lock
);
388 rcu_move_batch(this_rdp
, rdp
->curlist
, rdp
->curtail
);
389 rcu_move_batch(this_rdp
, rdp
->nxtlist
, rdp
->nxttail
);
390 rcu_move_batch(this_rdp
, rdp
->donelist
, rdp
->donetail
);
393 static void rcu_offline_cpu(int cpu
)
395 struct rcu_data
*this_rdp
= &get_cpu_var(rcu_data
);
396 struct rcu_data
*this_bh_rdp
= &get_cpu_var(rcu_bh_data
);
398 __rcu_offline_cpu(this_rdp
, &rcu_ctrlblk
,
399 &per_cpu(rcu_data
, cpu
));
400 __rcu_offline_cpu(this_bh_rdp
, &rcu_bh_ctrlblk
,
401 &per_cpu(rcu_bh_data
, cpu
));
402 put_cpu_var(rcu_data
);
403 put_cpu_var(rcu_bh_data
);
404 tasklet_kill_immediate(&per_cpu(rcu_tasklet
, cpu
), cpu
);
409 static void rcu_offline_cpu(int cpu
)
416 * This does the RCU processing work from tasklet context.
418 static void __rcu_process_callbacks(struct rcu_ctrlblk
*rcp
,
419 struct rcu_data
*rdp
)
421 if (rdp
->curlist
&& !rcu_batch_before(rcp
->completed
, rdp
->batch
)) {
422 *rdp
->donetail
= rdp
->curlist
;
423 rdp
->donetail
= rdp
->curtail
;
425 rdp
->curtail
= &rdp
->curlist
;
428 if (rdp
->nxtlist
&& !rdp
->curlist
) {
430 rdp
->curlist
= rdp
->nxtlist
;
431 rdp
->curtail
= rdp
->nxttail
;
433 rdp
->nxttail
= &rdp
->nxtlist
;
437 * start the next batch of callbacks
440 /* determine batch number */
441 rdp
->batch
= rcp
->cur
+ 1;
442 /* see the comment and corresponding wmb() in
443 * the rcu_start_batch()
447 if (!rcp
->next_pending
) {
448 /* and start it/schedule start if it's a new batch */
449 spin_lock(&rcp
->lock
);
450 rcp
->next_pending
= 1;
451 rcu_start_batch(rcp
);
452 spin_unlock(&rcp
->lock
);
456 rcu_check_quiescent_state(rcp
, rdp
);
461 static void rcu_process_callbacks(unsigned long unused
)
463 __rcu_process_callbacks(&rcu_ctrlblk
, &__get_cpu_var(rcu_data
));
464 __rcu_process_callbacks(&rcu_bh_ctrlblk
, &__get_cpu_var(rcu_bh_data
));
467 static int __rcu_pending(struct rcu_ctrlblk
*rcp
, struct rcu_data
*rdp
)
469 /* This cpu has pending rcu entries and the grace period
470 * for them has completed.
472 if (rdp
->curlist
&& !rcu_batch_before(rcp
->completed
, rdp
->batch
))
475 /* This cpu has no pending entries, but there are new entries */
476 if (!rdp
->curlist
&& rdp
->nxtlist
)
479 /* This cpu has finished callbacks to invoke */
483 /* The rcu core waits for a quiescent state from the cpu */
484 if (rdp
->quiescbatch
!= rcp
->cur
|| rdp
->qs_pending
)
492 * Check to see if there is any immediate RCU-related work to be done
493 * by the current CPU, returning 1 if so. This function is part of the
494 * RCU implementation; it is -not- an exported member of the RCU API.
496 int rcu_pending(int cpu
)
498 return __rcu_pending(&rcu_ctrlblk
, &per_cpu(rcu_data
, cpu
)) ||
499 __rcu_pending(&rcu_bh_ctrlblk
, &per_cpu(rcu_bh_data
, cpu
));
503 * Check to see if any future RCU-related work will need to be done
504 * by the current CPU, even if none need be done immediately, returning
505 * 1 if so. This function is part of the RCU implementation; it is -not-
506 * an exported member of the RCU API.
508 int rcu_needs_cpu(int cpu
)
510 struct rcu_data
*rdp
= &per_cpu(rcu_data
, cpu
);
511 struct rcu_data
*rdp_bh
= &per_cpu(rcu_bh_data
, cpu
);
513 return (!!rdp
->curlist
|| !!rdp_bh
->curlist
|| rcu_pending(cpu
));
516 void rcu_check_callbacks(int cpu
, int user
)
519 (idle_cpu(cpu
) && !in_softirq() &&
520 hardirq_count() <= (1 << HARDIRQ_SHIFT
))) {
522 rcu_bh_qsctr_inc(cpu
);
523 } else if (!in_softirq())
524 rcu_bh_qsctr_inc(cpu
);
525 tasklet_schedule(&per_cpu(rcu_tasklet
, cpu
));
528 static void rcu_init_percpu_data(int cpu
, struct rcu_ctrlblk
*rcp
,
529 struct rcu_data
*rdp
)
531 memset(rdp
, 0, sizeof(*rdp
));
532 rdp
->curtail
= &rdp
->curlist
;
533 rdp
->nxttail
= &rdp
->nxtlist
;
534 rdp
->donetail
= &rdp
->donelist
;
535 rdp
->quiescbatch
= rcp
->completed
;
538 rdp
->blimit
= blimit
;
541 static void __devinit
rcu_online_cpu(int cpu
)
543 struct rcu_data
*rdp
= &per_cpu(rcu_data
, cpu
);
544 struct rcu_data
*bh_rdp
= &per_cpu(rcu_bh_data
, cpu
);
546 rcu_init_percpu_data(cpu
, &rcu_ctrlblk
, rdp
);
547 rcu_init_percpu_data(cpu
, &rcu_bh_ctrlblk
, bh_rdp
);
548 tasklet_init(&per_cpu(rcu_tasklet
, cpu
), rcu_process_callbacks
, 0UL);
551 static int __devinit
rcu_cpu_notify(struct notifier_block
*self
,
552 unsigned long action
, void *hcpu
)
554 long cpu
= (long)hcpu
;
560 rcu_offline_cpu(cpu
);
568 static struct notifier_block __devinitdata rcu_nb
= {
569 .notifier_call
= rcu_cpu_notify
,
573 * Initializes rcu mechanism. Assumed to be called early.
574 * That is before local timer(SMP) or jiffie timer (uniproc) is setup.
575 * Note that rcu_qsctr and friends are implicitly
576 * initialized due to the choice of ``0'' for RCU_CTR_INVALID.
578 void __init
rcu_init(void)
580 rcu_cpu_notify(&rcu_nb
, CPU_UP_PREPARE
,
581 (void *)(long)smp_processor_id());
582 /* Register notifier for non-boot CPUs */
583 register_cpu_notifier(&rcu_nb
);
586 struct rcu_synchronize
{
587 struct rcu_head head
;
588 struct completion completion
;
591 /* Because of FASTCALL declaration of complete, we use this wrapper */
592 static void wakeme_after_rcu(struct rcu_head
*head
)
594 struct rcu_synchronize
*rcu
;
596 rcu
= container_of(head
, struct rcu_synchronize
, head
);
597 complete(&rcu
->completion
);
601 * synchronize_rcu - wait until a grace period has elapsed.
603 * Control will return to the caller some time after a full grace
604 * period has elapsed, in other words after all currently executing RCU
605 * read-side critical sections have completed. RCU read-side critical
606 * sections are delimited by rcu_read_lock() and rcu_read_unlock(),
609 * If your read-side code is not protected by rcu_read_lock(), do -not-
610 * use synchronize_rcu().
612 void synchronize_rcu(void)
614 struct rcu_synchronize rcu
;
616 init_completion(&rcu
.completion
);
617 /* Will wake me after RCU finished */
618 call_rcu(&rcu
.head
, wakeme_after_rcu
);
621 wait_for_completion(&rcu
.completion
);
624 module_param(blimit
, int, 0);
625 module_param(qhimark
, int, 0);
626 module_param(qlowmark
, int, 0);
628 module_param(rsinterval
, int, 0);
630 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_batches_completed
);
631 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_batches_completed_bh
);
632 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(call_rcu
);
633 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(call_rcu_bh
);
634 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synchronize_rcu
);