4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LP Printer support is enabled.
52 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
53 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
54 These options have more detailed description inside of
55 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
56 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
57 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
58 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
59 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
60 MTD MTD support is enabled.
61 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
62 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
63 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
64 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
65 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
66 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
67 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
68 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
69 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
70 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
71 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
72 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
73 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
74 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
75 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
76 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
77 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
79 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
80 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
81 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
82 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
83 SUSPEND2 Suspend2 is enabled.
84 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
85 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
86 USB USB support is enabled.
87 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
88 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
89 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
90 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
91 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
92 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
93 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
94 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
95 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
97 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
99 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
100 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
101 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
103 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
104 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
105 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
106 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
108 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
109 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
110 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
111 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
112 running once the system is up.
114 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
115 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
116 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
118 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
119 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
120 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
121 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
122 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
123 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
124 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
125 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
127 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
129 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
130 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
131 See Documentation/power/video.txt
133 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
134 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
136 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
137 ACPI will balance active IRQs
140 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
141 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
144 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
146 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
148 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
149 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
151 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
152 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
154 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
156 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
158 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
159 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
160 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
162 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
164 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
165 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
166 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
167 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
169 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
171 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
172 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
173 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
174 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
176 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
178 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
179 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
180 override platform specific driver.
181 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
183 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
184 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
185 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
186 and always returns good values.
188 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
189 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
190 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
191 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
192 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
194 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
195 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
196 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
199 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
200 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
203 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
209 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
211 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
212 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
214 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
215 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
216 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
219 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
222 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
225 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
228 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
230 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
231 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
233 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
235 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
236 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
237 connected to one of 16 gameports
238 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
241 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
243 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
244 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
245 APC and your system crashes randomly.
247 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
248 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
249 Change the amount of debugging information output
250 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
252 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
253 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
258 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
259 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
263 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
265 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
267 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
268 EzKey and similar keyboards
270 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
272 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
273 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
275 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
278 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
279 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
281 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
282 Use software keyboard repeat
286 awe= [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
287 Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
289 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
290 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
292 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
295 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
297 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
299 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
300 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
301 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
302 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
304 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
305 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
306 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
307 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
309 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
315 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
316 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
318 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
319 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
322 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
323 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
325 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
327 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
328 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
329 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
330 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
331 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
332 This option provides an override for these situations.
335 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
336 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
338 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
340 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
341 Format: { "0" | "1" }
342 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
343 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
344 any implied execute protection).
345 1 -- check protection requested by application.
346 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
347 Value can be changed at runtime via
348 /selinux/checkreqprot.
350 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
352 Forces specified clocksource (if avaliable) to be used
353 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
354 clocksource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
355 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
359 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
360 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
361 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
363 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
367 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
369 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
371 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
373 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
377 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
378 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
380 condev= [HW,S390] console device
383 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
385 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
389 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
390 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
391 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
392 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
393 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
395 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
397 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
400 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
401 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
402 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
403 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
404 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
405 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
407 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
409 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
412 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
414 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
415 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
416 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
419 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
424 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
425 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
427 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
430 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
432 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
433 (one device per port)
434 Format: <port#>,<type>
435 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
437 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
440 [KNL] verbose self-tests
442 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
444 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
445 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
446 only useful to kernel developers.
449 Format: <area>[,<node>]
450 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
453 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
456 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
458 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
459 See drivers/char/README.epca and
460 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
462 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
464 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
466 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
472 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
474 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
476 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
479 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
481 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
483 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
486 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
491 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
494 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
501 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
502 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
505 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
507 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
508 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
511 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
512 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
515 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
516 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
517 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
519 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
520 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
521 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
522 pass this option to capture kernel.
523 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
525 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
527 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
528 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
529 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
531 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
534 Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
535 See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
538 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
539 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
541 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
542 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
543 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
545 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
549 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
552 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
555 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
557 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
558 See Documentation/ftape.txt.
561 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
562 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
563 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
564 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
569 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
571 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
572 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
577 gt96100eth= [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
580 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
584 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
585 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
586 for IA-64, off otherwise.
587 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
589 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
591 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
592 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
594 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
595 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
597 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
598 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
599 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
600 size on bigger boxes.
603 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
605 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
607 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
609 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
610 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
611 keyboard and can not control its state
612 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
613 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
614 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
615 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
617 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
620 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
621 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
622 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
623 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
627 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
628 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
630 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
631 does not match list of supported models.
633 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
634 (disabled by default)
635 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
638 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
639 See Documentation/mca.txt.
642 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
644 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
645 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
646 See Documentation/ide.txt.
648 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
649 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
650 See Documentation/ide.txt.
652 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
653 See Documentation/ide.txt.
656 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
659 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
662 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
666 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
669 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
670 for working out where the kernel is dying during
673 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
675 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
678 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
679 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
680 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
681 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
682 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
683 changing hdc to sdb).
684 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
688 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
689 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
690 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
693 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
695 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
696 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
698 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
699 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
701 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
703 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
705 Format: <port>,<port>....
708 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
709 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
713 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
714 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
715 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
719 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
721 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
722 Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
723 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
724 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
725 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
726 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
727 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
728 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
730 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
731 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
732 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
733 suboptimal load balancer performance.
736 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
740 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
741 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
745 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
750 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
753 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
754 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
756 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
757 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
759 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
760 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
762 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
765 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
768 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
771 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
774 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
777 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
778 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
779 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
780 loglevels are defined as follows:
782 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
783 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
784 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
785 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
786 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
787 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
788 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
789 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
791 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
792 Format: { n | nk | nM }
793 n must be a power of two. The default size
794 is set in the kernel config file.
796 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
797 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
798 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
799 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
800 specified in addition to the ports) causes
801 attached printers to be reset. Using
802 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
803 to associate lp devices with, starting with
804 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
805 that lp device, or a parport name such as
806 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
807 port specification list means that device IDs
808 from each port should be examined, to see if
809 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
810 so, the driver will manage that printer.
811 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
814 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
815 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
816 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
817 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
818 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
819 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
820 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
821 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
822 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
823 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
824 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
828 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
830 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
831 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
833 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
834 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
836 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
837 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
838 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
840 mad16= [HW,OSS] Format:
841 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
846 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
850 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
853 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
854 equal to this physical address is ignored.
856 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
857 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
860 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
861 Should be between 1 and 16384.
863 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
868 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
872 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
874 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
875 See Documentation/md.txt.
878 Format: <first>,<last>
879 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
881 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
882 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
883 to see the whole system memory or for test.
884 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
885 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
886 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
888 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
891 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
892 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
893 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
894 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
897 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
898 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
899 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
901 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
902 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
903 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
905 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
906 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
907 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
909 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
910 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
915 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
916 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
917 This debugging option can be used to override the
918 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
919 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
920 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
921 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
922 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
923 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
925 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
926 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
927 development purposes, not production environments.
930 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
932 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
933 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
934 increase verbosity of the detection process.
935 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
936 some more information, and 2 will be really
937 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
938 serial console attached to the system).
941 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
943 This debug option can be used to proportionally
944 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
945 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
946 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
947 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
948 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
949 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
950 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
953 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
954 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
955 development purposes, not production environments.
958 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
959 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
960 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
961 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
963 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
964 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
965 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
966 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
972 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
974 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
975 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
978 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
980 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
981 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
982 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
984 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
987 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
993 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
995 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
999 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1000 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1001 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1002 something different and driver-specific.
1003 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1007 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1009 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1010 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1012 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1013 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1014 channel should listen.
1016 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1017 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1020 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1022 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1023 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1028 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1029 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1031 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1034 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1035 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1039 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1041 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1045 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1046 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1047 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1049 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1050 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1051 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1055 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1056 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1059 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1060 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1061 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1062 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1063 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1066 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1067 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1069 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1071 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1076 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1078 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1079 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1081 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1083 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1085 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1087 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1090 noresume2 [SUSPEND2] Disables resuming and restores original swap signature.
1092 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1093 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1094 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1098 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1100 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1102 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1104 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1106 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1110 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1116 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1118 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1119 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1121 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1122 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1127 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1128 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1129 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1131 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1134 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1135 connected to, default is 0.
1137 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1138 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1141 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1142 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1143 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1144 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1145 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1146 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1147 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1148 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1149 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1150 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1151 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1152 are specified on the command line, starting
1155 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1156 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1157 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1158 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1159 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1160 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1161 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1163 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1164 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1167 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1170 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1171 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1172 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1177 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1178 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1180 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1181 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1182 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1183 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1184 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1185 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1186 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1187 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1188 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1189 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1191 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1193 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1195 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1196 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1197 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1198 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1199 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1200 done to get a device order compatible with
1202 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1203 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1204 on several machines and they hang the machine
1205 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1206 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1207 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1208 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1210 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1211 Use with caution as certain devices share
1212 address decoders between ROMs and other
1214 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1215 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1216 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1218 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1219 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1220 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1221 F0000h-100000h range.
1222 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1223 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1224 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1225 explicitly which ones they are.
1226 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1227 numbers ourselves, overriding
1228 whatever the firmware may have done.
1229 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1230 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1231 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1232 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1233 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1234 IRQ routing is enabled.
1235 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1236 or for PCI scanning.
1237 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1238 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1239 so this option is a temporary workaround
1240 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1241 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1242 just use the configuration from the
1243 bootloader. This is currently used on
1244 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1245 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1247 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1250 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1252 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1255 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1258 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1261 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1263 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1264 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1266 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1267 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1268 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1274 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1277 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1280 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1282 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1283 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1286 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1288 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1290 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1291 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1292 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1293 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1294 statistical time based profiling.
1296 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1297 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1298 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1300 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1301 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1302 instead using the legacy FADT method
1304 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1306 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1308 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1309 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1310 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1312 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1313 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1316 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1317 psmouse.smartscroll=
1318 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1319 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1321 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1323 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1326 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1328 quiet= [KNL] Disable log messages
1333 See Documentation/md.txt.
1335 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1336 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1338 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1339 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1341 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1342 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1343 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1345 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1346 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1348 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1349 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1351 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1352 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1354 rcu.rsinterval= [KNL,BOOT,SMP] Set the number of additional
1355 RCU callbacks to queued before forcing reschedule
1360 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1361 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1363 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1364 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1365 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1367 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1370 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1372 resume2= [SUSPEND2] Specify the storage device for Suspend2.
1373 Format: <writer>:<writer-parameters>.
1374 See Documentation/power/suspend2.txt for details of the
1375 formats for available image writers.
1377 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1378 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1380 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1381 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1383 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1385 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1387 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1388 mount the root filesystem
1390 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1392 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1394 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1396 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1399 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1402 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1404 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1406 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1408 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1409 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1411 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1412 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1414 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1415 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1417 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1418 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1421 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1422 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1423 (flags are integer value)
1425 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1427 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1428 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1429 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1432 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1433 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1434 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1436 selinux_compat_net =
1437 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1438 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1439 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1440 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1441 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1442 Value can be changed at runtime via
1443 /selinux/compat_net.
1445 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1447 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1450 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1453 Maximal number of shapers.
1456 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1462 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1463 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1468 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1470 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1472 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1474 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1476 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1478 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1480 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1482 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1484 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1486 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1488 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1490 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1492 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1494 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1496 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1498 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1500 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1502 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1504 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1506 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1508 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1510 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1512 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1514 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1516 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1518 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1520 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1522 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1526 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1528 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1530 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1535 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1537 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1539 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1541 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1543 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1545 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1553 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1557 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1559 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1561 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1567 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1569 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1571 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1573 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1578 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1580 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1582 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1584 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1586 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1588 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1590 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1592 sonicvibes= [HW,OSS]
1596 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1598 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1599 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1601 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1602 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1604 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1610 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1612 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1613 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1616 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1620 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1621 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1622 as the initial boot-console.
1623 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1626 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1629 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1631 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1635 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1636 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1639 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1643 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1644 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1646 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1648 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1649 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1650 with the name specified.
1652 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1653 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1656 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1657 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1660 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1663 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1664 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1668 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1670 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1672 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1673 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1675 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1676 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1678 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1679 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1681 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1682 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1691 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1694 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1695 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1697 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1698 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1700 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1701 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1702 Documentation/svga.txt.
1703 Use vga=ask for menu.
1704 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1705 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1707 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1708 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1709 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1710 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1713 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1716 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1719 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1722 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1723 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1726 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1729 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1732 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1734 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1735 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1737 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1739 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1741 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1742 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1745 ______________________________________________________________________
1749 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1750 Add more DRM drivers.