2 * Atmel AT45xxx DataFlash MTD driver for lightweight SPI framework
4 * Largely derived from at91_dataflash.c:
5 * Copyright (C) 2003-2005 SAN People (Pty) Ltd
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
8 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
9 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
10 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
12 #include <linux/module.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/slab.h>
15 #include <linux/delay.h>
16 #include <linux/device.h>
17 #include <linux/spi/spi.h>
18 #include <linux/spi/flash.h>
20 #include <linux/mtd/mtd.h>
21 #include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
25 * DataFlash is a kind of SPI flash. Most AT45 chips have two buffers in
26 * each chip, which may be used for double buffered I/O; but this driver
27 * doesn't (yet) use these for any kind of i/o overlap or prefetching.
29 * Sometimes DataFlash is packaged in MMC-format cards, although the
30 * MMC stack can't use SPI (yet), or distinguish between MMC and DataFlash
31 * protocols during enumeration.
34 #define CONFIG_DATAFLASH_WRITE_VERIFY
36 /* reads can bypass the buffers */
37 #define OP_READ_CONTINUOUS 0xE8
38 #define OP_READ_PAGE 0xD2
40 /* group B requests can run even while status reports "busy" */
41 #define OP_READ_STATUS 0xD7 /* group B */
43 /* move data between host and buffer */
44 #define OP_READ_BUFFER1 0xD4 /* group B */
45 #define OP_READ_BUFFER2 0xD6 /* group B */
46 #define OP_WRITE_BUFFER1 0x84 /* group B */
47 #define OP_WRITE_BUFFER2 0x87 /* group B */
50 #define OP_ERASE_PAGE 0x81
51 #define OP_ERASE_BLOCK 0x50
53 /* move data between buffer and flash */
54 #define OP_TRANSFER_BUF1 0x53
55 #define OP_TRANSFER_BUF2 0x55
56 #define OP_MREAD_BUFFER1 0xD4
57 #define OP_MREAD_BUFFER2 0xD6
58 #define OP_MWERASE_BUFFER1 0x83
59 #define OP_MWERASE_BUFFER2 0x86
60 #define OP_MWRITE_BUFFER1 0x88 /* sector must be pre-erased */
61 #define OP_MWRITE_BUFFER2 0x89 /* sector must be pre-erased */
63 /* write to buffer, then write-erase to flash */
64 #define OP_PROGRAM_VIA_BUF1 0x82
65 #define OP_PROGRAM_VIA_BUF2 0x85
67 /* compare buffer to flash */
68 #define OP_COMPARE_BUF1 0x60
69 #define OP_COMPARE_BUF2 0x61
71 /* read flash to buffer, then write-erase to flash */
72 #define OP_REWRITE_VIA_BUF1 0x58
73 #define OP_REWRITE_VIA_BUF2 0x59
75 /* newer chips report JEDEC manufacturer and device IDs; chip
76 * serial number and OTP bits; and per-sector writeprotect.
78 #define OP_READ_ID 0x9F
79 #define OP_READ_SECURITY 0x77
80 #define OP_WRITE_SECURITY 0x9A /* OTP bits */
87 unsigned partitioned
:1;
89 unsigned short page_offset
; /* offset in flash address */
90 unsigned int page_size
; /* of bytes per page */
92 struct semaphore lock
;
93 struct spi_device
*spi
;
98 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS
99 #define mtd_has_partitions() (1)
101 #define mtd_has_partitions() (0)
104 /* ......................................................................... */
107 * Return the status of the DataFlash device.
109 static inline int dataflash_status(struct spi_device
*spi
)
111 /* NOTE: at45db321c over 25 MHz wants to write
112 * a dummy byte after the opcode...
114 return spi_w8r8(spi
, OP_READ_STATUS
);
118 * Poll the DataFlash device until it is READY.
119 * This usually takes 5-20 msec or so; more for sector erase.
121 static int dataflash_waitready(struct spi_device
*spi
)
126 status
= dataflash_status(spi
);
128 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1
, "%s: status %d?\n",
129 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, status
);
133 if (status
& (1 << 7)) /* RDY/nBSY */
140 /* ......................................................................... */
143 * Erase pages of flash.
145 static int dataflash_erase(struct mtd_info
*mtd
, struct erase_info
*instr
)
147 struct dataflash
*priv
= (struct dataflash
*)mtd
->priv
;
148 struct spi_device
*spi
= priv
->spi
;
149 struct spi_transfer x
= { .tx_dma
= 0, };
150 struct spi_message msg
;
151 unsigned blocksize
= priv
->page_size
<< 3;
154 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL2
, "%s: erase addr=0x%x len 0x%x\n",
156 instr
->addr
, instr
->len
);
159 if ((instr
->addr
+ instr
->len
) > mtd
->size
160 || (instr
->len
% priv
->page_size
) != 0
161 || (instr
->addr
% priv
->page_size
) != 0)
164 spi_message_init(&msg
);
166 x
.tx_buf
= command
= priv
->command
;
168 spi_message_add_tail(&x
, &msg
);
171 while (instr
->len
> 0) {
172 unsigned int pageaddr
;
176 /* Calculate flash page address; use block erase (for speed) if
177 * we're at a block boundary and need to erase the whole block.
179 pageaddr
= instr
->addr
/ priv
->page_size
;
180 do_block
= (pageaddr
& 0x7) == 0 && instr
->len
>= blocksize
;
181 pageaddr
= pageaddr
<< priv
->page_offset
;
183 command
[0] = do_block
? OP_ERASE_BLOCK
: OP_ERASE_PAGE
;
184 command
[1] = (u8
)(pageaddr
>> 16);
185 command
[2] = (u8
)(pageaddr
>> 8);
188 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3
, "ERASE %s: (%x) %x %x %x [%i]\n",
189 do_block
? "block" : "page",
190 command
[0], command
[1], command
[2], command
[3],
193 status
= spi_sync(spi
, &msg
);
194 (void) dataflash_waitready(spi
);
197 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: erase %x, err %d\n",
198 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, pageaddr
, status
);
199 /* REVISIT: can retry instr->retries times; or
200 * giveup and instr->fail_addr = instr->addr;
206 instr
->addr
+= blocksize
;
207 instr
->len
-= blocksize
;
209 instr
->addr
+= priv
->page_size
;
210 instr
->len
-= priv
->page_size
;
215 /* Inform MTD subsystem that erase is complete */
216 instr
->state
= MTD_ERASE_DONE
;
217 mtd_erase_callback(instr
);
223 * Read from the DataFlash device.
224 * from : Start offset in flash device
225 * len : Amount to read
226 * retlen : About of data actually read
227 * buf : Buffer containing the data
229 static int dataflash_read(struct mtd_info
*mtd
, loff_t from
, size_t len
,
230 size_t *retlen
, u_char
*buf
)
232 struct dataflash
*priv
= (struct dataflash
*)mtd
->priv
;
233 struct spi_transfer x
[2] = { { .tx_dma
= 0, }, };
234 struct spi_message msg
;
239 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL2
, "%s: read 0x%x..0x%x\n",
240 priv
->spi
->dev
.bus_id
, (unsigned)from
, (unsigned)(from
+ len
));
247 if (from
+ len
> mtd
->size
)
250 /* Calculate flash page/byte address */
251 addr
= (((unsigned)from
/ priv
->page_size
) << priv
->page_offset
)
252 + ((unsigned)from
% priv
->page_size
);
254 command
= priv
->command
;
256 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3
, "READ: (%x) %x %x %x\n",
257 command
[0], command
[1], command
[2], command
[3]);
259 spi_message_init(&msg
);
261 x
[0].tx_buf
= command
;
263 spi_message_add_tail(&x
[0], &msg
);
267 spi_message_add_tail(&x
[1], &msg
);
271 /* Continuous read, max clock = f(car) which may be less than
272 * the peak rate available. Some chips support commands with
273 * fewer "don't care" bytes. Both buffers stay unchanged.
275 command
[0] = OP_READ_CONTINUOUS
;
276 command
[1] = (u8
)(addr
>> 16);
277 command
[2] = (u8
)(addr
>> 8);
278 command
[3] = (u8
)(addr
>> 0);
279 /* plus 4 "don't care" bytes */
281 status
= spi_sync(priv
->spi
, &msg
);
285 *retlen
= msg
.actual_length
- 8;
288 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1
, "%s: read %x..%x --> %d\n",
289 priv
->spi
->dev
.bus_id
,
290 (unsigned)from
, (unsigned)(from
+ len
),
296 * Write to the DataFlash device.
297 * to : Start offset in flash device
298 * len : Amount to write
299 * retlen : Amount of data actually written
300 * buf : Buffer containing the data
302 static int dataflash_write(struct mtd_info
*mtd
, loff_t to
, size_t len
,
303 size_t * retlen
, const u_char
* buf
)
305 struct dataflash
*priv
= (struct dataflash
*)mtd
->priv
;
306 struct spi_device
*spi
= priv
->spi
;
307 struct spi_transfer x
[2] = { { .tx_dma
= 0, }, };
308 struct spi_message msg
;
309 unsigned int pageaddr
, addr
, offset
, writelen
;
310 size_t remaining
= len
;
311 u_char
*writebuf
= (u_char
*) buf
;
312 int status
= -EINVAL
;
315 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL2
, "%s: write 0x%x..0x%x\n",
316 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, (unsigned)to
, (unsigned)(to
+ len
));
323 if ((to
+ len
) > mtd
->size
)
326 spi_message_init(&msg
);
328 x
[0].tx_buf
= command
= priv
->command
;
330 spi_message_add_tail(&x
[0], &msg
);
332 pageaddr
= ((unsigned)to
/ priv
->page_size
);
333 offset
= ((unsigned)to
% priv
->page_size
);
334 if (offset
+ len
> priv
->page_size
)
335 writelen
= priv
->page_size
- offset
;
340 while (remaining
> 0) {
341 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3
, "write @ %i:%i len=%i\n",
342 pageaddr
, offset
, writelen
);
345 * (a) each page in a sector must be rewritten at least
346 * once every 10K sibling erase/program operations.
347 * (b) for pages that are already erased, we could
348 * use WRITE+MWRITE not PROGRAM for ~30% speedup.
349 * (c) WRITE to buffer could be done while waiting for
350 * a previous MWRITE/MWERASE to complete ...
351 * (d) error handling here seems to be mostly missing.
353 * Two persistent bits per page, plus a per-sector counter,
354 * could support (a) and (b) ... we might consider using
355 * the second half of sector zero, which is just one block,
356 * to track that state. (On AT91, that sector should also
357 * support boot-from-DataFlash.)
360 addr
= pageaddr
<< priv
->page_offset
;
362 /* (1) Maybe transfer partial page to Buffer1 */
363 if (writelen
!= priv
->page_size
) {
364 command
[0] = OP_TRANSFER_BUF1
;
365 command
[1] = (addr
& 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
366 command
[2] = (addr
& 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
369 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3
, "TRANSFER: (%x) %x %x %x\n",
370 command
[0], command
[1], command
[2], command
[3]);
372 status
= spi_sync(spi
, &msg
);
374 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1
, "%s: xfer %u -> %d \n",
375 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, addr
, status
);
377 (void) dataflash_waitready(priv
->spi
);
380 /* (2) Program full page via Buffer1 */
382 command
[0] = OP_PROGRAM_VIA_BUF1
;
383 command
[1] = (addr
& 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
384 command
[2] = (addr
& 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
385 command
[3] = (addr
& 0x000000FF);
387 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3
, "PROGRAM: (%x) %x %x %x\n",
388 command
[0], command
[1], command
[2], command
[3]);
390 x
[1].tx_buf
= writebuf
;
392 spi_message_add_tail(x
+ 1, &msg
);
393 status
= spi_sync(spi
, &msg
);
394 spi_transfer_del(x
+ 1);
396 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1
, "%s: pgm %u/%u -> %d \n",
397 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, addr
, writelen
, status
);
399 (void) dataflash_waitready(priv
->spi
);
402 #ifdef CONFIG_DATAFLASH_WRITE_VERIFY
404 /* (3) Compare to Buffer1 */
405 addr
= pageaddr
<< priv
->page_offset
;
406 command
[0] = OP_COMPARE_BUF1
;
407 command
[1] = (addr
& 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
408 command
[2] = (addr
& 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
411 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL3
, "COMPARE: (%x) %x %x %x\n",
412 command
[0], command
[1], command
[2], command
[3]);
414 status
= spi_sync(spi
, &msg
);
416 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1
, "%s: compare %u -> %d \n",
417 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, addr
, status
);
419 status
= dataflash_waitready(priv
->spi
);
421 /* Check result of the compare operation */
422 if ((status
& (1 << 6)) == 1) {
423 printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: compare page %u, err %d\n",
424 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, pageaddr
, status
);
431 #endif /* CONFIG_DATAFLASH_WRITE_VERIFY */
433 remaining
= remaining
- writelen
;
436 writebuf
+= writelen
;
439 if (remaining
> priv
->page_size
)
440 writelen
= priv
->page_size
;
442 writelen
= remaining
;
449 /* ......................................................................... */
452 * Register DataFlash device with MTD subsystem.
455 add_dataflash(struct spi_device
*spi
, char *name
,
456 int nr_pages
, int pagesize
, int pageoffset
)
458 struct dataflash
*priv
;
459 struct mtd_info
*device
;
460 struct flash_platform_data
*pdata
= spi
->dev
.platform_data
;
462 priv
= kzalloc(sizeof *priv
, GFP_KERNEL
);
466 init_MUTEX(&priv
->lock
);
468 priv
->page_size
= pagesize
;
469 priv
->page_offset
= pageoffset
;
471 /* name must be usable with cmdlinepart */
472 sprintf(priv
->name
, "spi%d.%d-%s",
473 spi
->master
->bus_num
, spi
->chip_select
,
477 device
->name
= (pdata
&& pdata
->name
) ? pdata
->name
: priv
->name
;
478 device
->size
= nr_pages
* pagesize
;
479 device
->erasesize
= pagesize
;
480 device
->writesize
= pagesize
;
481 device
->owner
= THIS_MODULE
;
482 device
->type
= MTD_DATAFLASH
;
483 device
->flags
= MTD_CAP_NORFLASH
;
484 device
->erase
= dataflash_erase
;
485 device
->read
= dataflash_read
;
486 device
->write
= dataflash_write
;
489 dev_info(&spi
->dev
, "%s (%d KBytes)\n", name
, device
->size
/1024);
490 dev_set_drvdata(&spi
->dev
, priv
);
492 if (mtd_has_partitions()) {
493 struct mtd_partition
*parts
;
496 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_CMDLINE_PARTS
497 static const char *part_probes
[] = { "cmdlinepart", NULL
, };
499 nr_parts
= parse_mtd_partitions(device
, part_probes
, &parts
, 0);
502 if (nr_parts
<= 0 && pdata
&& pdata
->parts
) {
503 parts
= pdata
->parts
;
504 nr_parts
= pdata
->nr_parts
;
508 priv
->partitioned
= 1;
509 return add_mtd_partitions(device
, parts
, nr_parts
);
511 } else if (pdata
&& pdata
->nr_parts
)
512 dev_warn(&spi
->dev
, "ignoring %d default partitions on %s\n",
513 pdata
->nr_parts
, device
->name
);
515 return add_mtd_device(device
) == 1 ? -ENODEV
: 0;
519 * Detect and initialize DataFlash device:
521 * Device Density ID code #Pages PageSize Offset
522 * AT45DB011B 1Mbit (128K) xx0011xx (0x0c) 512 264 9
523 * AT45DB021B 2Mbit (256K) xx0101xx (0x14) 1025 264 9
524 * AT45DB041B 4Mbit (512K) xx0111xx (0x1c) 2048 264 9
525 * AT45DB081B 8Mbit (1M) xx1001xx (0x24) 4096 264 9
526 * AT45DB0161B 16Mbit (2M) xx1011xx (0x2c) 4096 528 10
527 * AT45DB0321B 32Mbit (4M) xx1101xx (0x34) 8192 528 10
528 * AT45DB0642 64Mbit (8M) xx111xxx (0x3c) 8192 1056 11
529 * AT45DB1282 128Mbit (16M) xx0100xx (0x10) 16384 1056 11
531 static int __devinit
dataflash_probe(struct spi_device
*spi
)
535 status
= dataflash_status(spi
);
536 if (status
<= 0 || status
== 0xff) {
537 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1
, "%s: status error %d\n",
538 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, status
);
539 if (status
== 0 || status
== 0xff)
544 /* if there's a device there, assume it's dataflash.
545 * board setup should have set spi->max_speed_max to
546 * match f(car) for continuous reads, mode 0 or 3.
548 switch (status
& 0x3c) {
549 case 0x0c: /* 0 0 1 1 x x */
550 status
= add_dataflash(spi
, "AT45DB011B", 512, 264, 9);
552 case 0x14: /* 0 1 0 1 x x */
553 status
= add_dataflash(spi
, "AT45DB021B", 1025, 264, 9);
555 case 0x1c: /* 0 1 1 1 x x */
556 status
= add_dataflash(spi
, "AT45DB041x", 2048, 264, 9);
558 case 0x24: /* 1 0 0 1 x x */
559 status
= add_dataflash(spi
, "AT45DB081B", 4096, 264, 9);
561 case 0x2c: /* 1 0 1 1 x x */
562 status
= add_dataflash(spi
, "AT45DB161x", 4096, 528, 10);
564 case 0x34: /* 1 1 0 1 x x */
565 status
= add_dataflash(spi
, "AT45DB321x", 8192, 528, 10);
567 case 0x38: /* 1 1 1 x x x */
569 status
= add_dataflash(spi
, "AT45DB642x", 8192, 1056, 11);
571 /* obsolete AT45DB1282 not (yet?) supported */
573 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1
, "%s: unsupported device (%x)\n",
574 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, status
& 0x3c);
579 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1
, "%s: add_dataflash --> %d\n",
580 spi
->dev
.bus_id
, status
);
585 static int __devexit
dataflash_remove(struct spi_device
*spi
)
587 struct dataflash
*flash
= dev_get_drvdata(&spi
->dev
);
590 DEBUG(MTD_DEBUG_LEVEL1
, "%s: remove\n", spi
->dev
.bus_id
);
592 if (mtd_has_partitions() && flash
->partitioned
)
593 status
= del_mtd_partitions(&flash
->mtd
);
595 status
= del_mtd_device(&flash
->mtd
);
601 static struct spi_driver dataflash_driver
= {
603 .name
= "mtd_dataflash",
604 .bus
= &spi_bus_type
,
605 .owner
= THIS_MODULE
,
608 .probe
= dataflash_probe
,
609 .remove
= __devexit_p(dataflash_remove
),
611 /* FIXME: investigate suspend and resume... */
614 static int __init
dataflash_init(void)
616 return spi_register_driver(&dataflash_driver
);
618 module_init(dataflash_init
);
620 static void __exit
dataflash_exit(void)
622 spi_unregister_driver(&dataflash_driver
);
624 module_exit(dataflash_exit
);
627 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
628 MODULE_AUTHOR("Andrew Victor, David Brownell");
629 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MTD DataFlash driver");