1 Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks
2 Documentation for sysrq.c
3 Last update: 2007-AUG-04
5 * What is the magic SysRq key?
6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
7 It is a 'magical' key combo you can hit which the kernel will respond to
8 regardless of whatever else it is doing, unless it is completely locked up.
10 * How do I enable the magic SysRq key?
11 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
12 You need to say "yes" to 'Magic SysRq key (CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ)' when
13 configuring the kernel. When running a kernel with SysRq compiled in,
14 /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq controls the functions allowed to be invoked via
15 the SysRq key. By default the file contains 1 which means that every
16 possible SysRq request is allowed (in older versions SysRq was disabled
17 by default, and you were required to specifically enable it at run-time
18 but this is not the case any more). Here is the list of possible values
19 in /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq:
20 0 - disable sysrq completely
21 1 - enable all functions of sysrq
22 >1 - bitmask of allowed sysrq functions (see below for detailed function
24 2 - enable control of console logging level
25 4 - enable control of keyboard (SAK, unraw)
26 8 - enable debugging dumps of processes etc.
27 16 - enable sync command
28 32 - enable remount read-only
29 64 - enable signalling of processes (term, kill, oom-kill)
30 128 - allow reboot/poweroff
31 256 - allow nicing of all RT tasks
33 You can set the value in the file by the following command:
34 echo "number" >/proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
36 Note that the value of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq influences only the invocation
37 via a keyboard. Invocation of any operation via /proc/sysrq-trigger is always
38 allowed (by a user with admin privileges).
40 * How do I use the magic SysRq key?
41 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
42 On x86 - You press the key combo 'ALT-SysRq-<command key>'. Note - Some
43 keyboards may not have a key labeled 'SysRq'. The 'SysRq' key is
44 also known as the 'Print Screen' key. Also some keyboards cannot
45 handle so many keys being pressed at the same time, so you might
46 have better luck with "press Alt", "press SysRq", "release SysRq",
47 "press <command key>", release everything.
49 On SPARC - You press 'ALT-STOP-<command key>', I believe.
51 On the serial console (PC style standard serial ports only) -
52 You send a BREAK, then within 5 seconds a command key. Sending
53 BREAK twice is interpreted as a normal BREAK.
55 On PowerPC - Press 'ALT - Print Screen (or F13) - <command key>,
56 Print Screen (or F13) - <command key> may suffice.
58 On other - If you know of the key combos for other architectures, please
59 let me know so I can add them to this section.
61 On all - write a character to /proc/sysrq-trigger. e.g.:
63 echo t > /proc/sysrq-trigger
65 * What are the 'command' keys?
66 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
67 'b' - Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting
70 'c' - Will perform a kexec reboot in order to take a crashdump.
72 'd' - Shows all locks that are held.
74 'e' - Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init.
76 'f' - Will call oom_kill to kill a memory hog process.
78 'g' - Used by kgdb on ppc and sh platforms.
80 'h' - Will display help (actually any other key than those listed
81 here will display help. but 'h' is easy to remember :-)
83 'i' - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init.
85 'k' - Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual
86 console. NOTE: See important comments below in SAK section.
88 'l' - Shows a stack backtrace for all active CPUs.
90 'm' - Will dump current memory info to your console.
92 'n' - Used to make RT tasks nice-able
94 'o' - Will shut your system off (if configured and supported).
96 'p' - Will dump the current registers and flags to your console.
98 'q' - Will dump per CPU lists of all armed hrtimers (but NOT regular
99 timer_list timers) and detailed information about all
102 'r' - Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE.
104 's' - Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems.
106 't' - Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your
109 'u' - Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only.
111 'v' - Dumps Voyager SMP processor info to your console.
113 'w' - Dumps tasks that are in uninterruptable (blocked) state.
115 'x' - Used by xmon interface on ppc/powerpc platforms.
117 '0'-'9' - Sets the console log level, controlling which kernel messages
118 will be printed to your console. ('0', for example would make
119 it so that only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes would
120 make it to your console.)
122 * Okay, so what can I use them for?
123 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
124 Well, un'R'aw is very handy when your X server or a svgalib program crashes.
126 sa'K' (Secure Access Key) is useful when you want to be sure there is no
127 trojan program running at console which could grab your password
128 when you would try to login. It will kill all programs on given console,
129 thus letting you make sure that the login prompt you see is actually
130 the one from init, not some trojan program.
131 IMPORTANT: In its true form it is not a true SAK like the one in a :IMPORTANT
132 IMPORTANT: c2 compliant system, and it should not be mistaken as :IMPORTANT
133 IMPORTANT: such. :IMPORTANT
134 It seems others find it useful as (System Attention Key) which is
135 useful when you want to exit a program that will not let you switch consoles.
136 (For example, X or a svgalib program.)
138 re'B'oot is good when you're unable to shut down. But you should also 'S'ync
141 'C'rashdump can be used to manually trigger a crashdump when the system is hung.
142 The kernel needs to have been built with CONFIG_KEXEC enabled.
144 'S'ync is great when your system is locked up, it allows you to sync your
145 disks and will certainly lessen the chance of data loss and fscking. Note
146 that the sync hasn't taken place until you see the "OK" and "Done" appear
147 on the screen. (If the kernel is really in strife, you may not ever get the
148 OK or Done message...)
150 'U'mount is basically useful in the same ways as 'S'ync. I generally 'S'ync,
151 'U'mount, then re'B'oot when my system locks. It's saved me many a fsck.
152 Again, the unmount (remount read-only) hasn't taken place until you see the
153 "OK" and "Done" message appear on the screen.
155 The loglevels '0'-'9' are useful when your console is being flooded with
156 kernel messages you do not want to see. Selecting '0' will prevent all but
157 the most urgent kernel messages from reaching your console. (They will
158 still be logged if syslogd/klogd are alive, though.)
160 t'E'rm and k'I'll are useful if you have some sort of runaway process you
161 are unable to kill any other way, especially if it's spawning other
164 * Sometimes SysRq seems to get 'stuck' after using it, what can I do?
165 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
166 That happens to me, also. I've found that tapping shift, alt, and control
167 on both sides of the keyboard, and hitting an invalid sysrq sequence again
168 will fix the problem. (i.e., something like alt-sysrq-z). Switching to another
169 virtual console (ALT+Fn) and then back again should also help.
171 * I hit SysRq, but nothing seems to happen, what's wrong?
172 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
173 There are some keyboards that send different scancodes for SysRq than the
174 pre-defined 0x54. So if SysRq doesn't work out of the box for a certain
175 keyboard, run 'showkey -s' to find out the proper scancode sequence. Then
176 use 'setkeycodes <sequence> 84' to define this sequence to the usual SysRq
177 code (84 is decimal for 0x54). It's probably best to put this command in a
178 boot script. Oh, and by the way, you exit 'showkey' by not typing anything
181 * I want to add SysRQ key events to a module, how does it work?
182 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
183 In order to register a basic function with the table, you must first include
184 the header 'include/linux/sysrq.h', this will define everything else you need.
185 Next, you must create a sysrq_key_op struct, and populate it with A) the key
186 handler function you will use, B) a help_msg string, that will print when SysRQ
187 prints help, and C) an action_msg string, that will print right before your
188 handler is called. Your handler must conform to the prototype in 'sysrq.h'.
190 After the sysrq_key_op is created, you can call the kernel function
191 register_sysrq_key(int key, struct sysrq_key_op *op_p); this will
192 register the operation pointed to by 'op_p' at table key 'key',
193 if that slot in the table is blank. At module unload time, you must call
194 the function unregister_sysrq_key(int key, struct sysrq_key_op *op_p), which
195 will remove the key op pointed to by 'op_p' from the key 'key', if and only if
196 it is currently registered in that slot. This is in case the slot has been
197 overwritten since you registered it.
199 The Magic SysRQ system works by registering key operations against a key op
200 lookup table, which is defined in 'drivers/char/sysrq.c'. This key table has
201 a number of operations registered into it at compile time, but is mutable,
202 and 2 functions are exported for interface to it:
203 register_sysrq_key and unregister_sysrq_key.
204 Of course, never ever leave an invalid pointer in the table. I.e., when
205 your module that called register_sysrq_key() exits, it must call
206 unregister_sysrq_key() to clean up the sysrq key table entry that it used.
207 Null pointers in the table are always safe. :)
209 If for some reason you feel the need to call the handle_sysrq function from
210 within a function called by handle_sysrq, you must be aware that you are in
211 a lock (you are also in an interrupt handler, which means don't sleep!), so
212 you must call __handle_sysrq_nolock instead.
214 * I have more questions, who can I ask?
215 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
216 And I'll answer any questions about the registration system you got, also
217 responding as soon as possible.
221 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
222 Written by Mydraal <vulpyne@vulpyne.net>
223 Updated by Adam Sulmicki <adam@cfar.umd.edu>
224 Updated by Jeremy M. Dolan <jmd@turbogeek.org> 2001/01/28 10:15:59
225 Added to by Crutcher Dunnavant <crutcher+kernel@datastacks.com>