1 i386 Micro Channel Architecture Support
2 =======================================
4 MCA support is enabled using the CONFIG_MCA define. A machine with a MCA
5 bus will have the kernel variable MCA_bus set, assuming the BIOS feature
6 bits are set properly (see arch/i386/boot/setup.S for information on
7 how this detection is done).
12 The ideal MCA adapter detection is done through the use of the
13 Programmable Option Select registers. Generic functions for doing
14 this have been added in include/linux/mca.h and arch/i386/kernel/mca.c.
15 Everything needed to detect adapters and read (and write) configuration
16 information is there. A number of MCA-specific drivers already use
17 this. The typical probe code looks like the following:
19 #include <linux/mca.h>
21 unsigned char pos2, pos3, pos4, pos5;
22 struct net_device* dev;
26 slot = mca_find_adapter( ADAPTER_ID, 0 );
27 if( slot == MCA_NOTFOUND ) {
30 /* optional - see below */
31 mca_set_adapter_name( slot, "adapter name & description" );
32 mca_set_adapter_procfn( slot, dev_getinfo, dev );
34 /* read the POS registers. Most devices only use 2 and 3 */
35 pos2 = mca_read_stored_pos( slot, 2 );
36 pos3 = mca_read_stored_pos( slot, 3 );
37 pos4 = mca_read_stored_pos( slot, 4 );
38 pos5 = mca_read_stored_pos( slot, 5 );
43 /* extract configuration from pos[2345] and set everything up */
45 Loadable modules should modify this to test that the specified IRQ and
46 IO ports (plus whatever other stuff) match. See 3c523.c for example
47 code (actually, smc-mca.c has a slightly more complex example that can
48 handle a list of adapter ids).
50 Keep in mind that devices should never directly access the POS registers
51 (via inb(), outb(), etc). While it's generally safe, there is a small
52 potential for blowing up hardware when it's done at the wrong time.
53 Furthermore, accessing a POS register disables a device temporarily.
54 This is usually okay during startup, but do _you_ want to rely on it?
55 During initial configuration, mca_init() reads all the POS registers
56 into memory. mca_read_stored_pos() accesses that data. mca_read_pos()
57 and mca_write_pos() are also available for (safer) direct POS access,
58 but their use is _highly_ discouraged. mca_write_pos() is particularly
59 dangerous, as it is possible for adapters to be put in inconsistent
60 states (i.e. sharing IO address, etc) and may result in crashes, toasted
61 hardware, and blindness.
63 User level drivers (such as the AGX X server) can use /proc/mca/pos to
64 find adapters (see below).
66 Some MCA adapters can also be detected via the usual ISA-style device
67 probing (many SCSI adapters, for example). This sort of thing is highly
68 discouraged. Perfectly good information is available telling you what's
69 there, so there's no excuse for messing with random IO ports. However,
70 we MCA people still appreciate any ISA-style driver that will work with
71 our hardware. You take what you can get...
73 Level-Triggered Interrupts
74 ==========================
76 Because MCA uses level-triggered interrupts, a few problems arise with
77 what might best be described as the ISA mindset and its effects on
78 drivers. These sorts of problems are expected to become less common as
79 more people use shared IRQs on PCI machines.
81 In general, an interrupt must be acknowledged not only at the ICU (which
82 is done automagically by the kernel), but at the device level. In
83 particular, IRQ 0 must be reset after a timer interrupt (now done in
84 arch/i386/kernel/time.c) or the first timer interrupt hangs the system.
85 There were also problems with the 1.3.x floppy drivers, but that seems
88 IRQs are also shareable, and most MCA-specific devices should be coded
89 with shared IRQs in mind.
94 /proc/mca is a directory containing various files for adapters and
97 /proc/mca/pos Straight listing of POS registers
98 /proc/mca/slot[1-8] Information on adapter in specific slot
99 /proc/mca/video Same for integrated video
100 /proc/mca/scsi Same for integrated SCSI
101 /proc/mca/machine Machine information
103 See Appendix A for a sample.
105 Device drivers can easily add their own information function for
106 specific slots (including integrated ones) via the
107 mca_set_adapter_procfn() call. Drivers that support this are ESDI, IBM
108 SCSI, and 3c523. If a device is also a module, make sure that the proc
109 function is removed in the module cleanup. This will require storing
110 the slot information in a private structure somewhere. See the 3c523
113 Your typical proc function will look something like this:
116 dev_getinfo( char* buf, int slot, void* d ) {
117 struct net_device* dev = (struct net_device*) d;
120 len += sprintf( buf+len, "Device: %s\n", dev->name );
121 len += sprintf( buf+len, "IRQ: %d\n", dev->irq );
122 len += sprintf( buf+len, "IO Port: %#lx-%#lx\n", ... );
128 Some of the standard MCA information will already be printed, so don't
129 bother repeating it. Don't try putting in more than 3K of information.
131 Enable this function with:
132 mca_set_adapter_procfn( slot, dev_getinfo, dev );
135 mca_set_adapter_procfn( slot, NULL, NULL );
137 It is also recommended that, even if you don't write a proc function, to
138 set the name of the adapter (i.e. "PS/2 ESDI Controller") via
139 mca_set_adapter_name( int slot, char* name ).
144 Currently, there are a number of MCA-specific device drivers.
147 drivers/scsi/ibmmca.c
148 drivers/scsi/ibmmca.h
149 The driver for the IBM SCSI subsystem. Includes both integrated
150 controllers and adapter cards. May require command-line arg
151 "ibmmcascsi=io_port" to force detection of an adapter. If you have a
152 machine with a front-panel display (i.e. model 95), you can use
153 "ibmmcascsi=display" to enable a drive activity indicator.
158 3Com 3c523 Etherlink/MC ethernet driver.
160 3) SMC Ultra/MCA and IBM Adapter/A
161 drivers/net/smc-mca.c
162 drivers/net/smc-mca.h
163 Driver for the MCA version of the SMC Ultra and various other
164 OEM'ed and work-alike cards (Elite, Adapter/A, etc).
169 The NE/2 is the MCA version of the NE2000. This may not work
170 with clones that have a different adapter id than the original
173 5) Future Domain MCS-600/700, OEM'd IBM Fast SCSI Adapter/A and
174 Reply Sound Blaster/SCSI (SCSI part)
175 Better support for these cards than the driver for ISA.
176 Supports multiple cards with IRQ sharing.
178 Also added boot time option of scsi-probe, which can do reordering of
179 SCSI host adapters. This will direct the kernel on the order which
180 SCSI adapter should be detected. Example:
181 scsi-probe=ibmmca,fd_mcs,adaptec1542,buslogic
183 The serial drivers were modified to support the extended IO port range
184 of the typical MCA system (also #ifdef CONFIG_MCA).
186 The following devices work with existing drivers:
188 2) Future Domain SCSI (MCS-600, MCS-700, not MCS-350, OEM'ed IBM SCSI)
189 3) Adaptec 1640 SCSI (using the aha1542 driver)
190 4) Bustek/Buslogic SCSI (various)
191 5) Probably all Arcnet cards.
192 6) Some, possibly all, MCA IDE controllers.
193 7) 3Com 3c529 (MCA version of 3c509) (patched)
195 8) Intel EtherExpressMC (patched version)
196 You need to have CONFIG_MCA defined to have EtherExpressMC support.
197 9) Reply Sound Blaster/SCSI (SB part) (patched version)
199 Bugs & Other Weirdness
200 ======================
202 NMIs tend to occur with MCA machines because of various hardware
203 weirdness, bus timeouts, and many other non-critical things. Some basic
204 code to handle them (inspired by the NetBSD MCA code) has been added to
205 detect the guilty device, but it's pretty incomplete. If NMIs are a
206 persistent problem (on some model 70 or 80s, they occur every couple
207 shell commands), the CONFIG_IGNORE_NMI flag will take care of that.
209 Various Pentium machines have had serious problems with the FPU test in
210 bugs.h. Basically, the machine hangs after the HLT test. This occurs,
211 as far as we know, on the Pentium-equipped 85s, 95s, and some PC Servers.
212 The PCI/MCA PC 750s are fine as far as I can tell. The ``mca-pentium''
213 boot-prompt flag will disable the FPU bug check if this is a problem
216 The model 80 has a raft of problems that are just too weird and unique
217 to get into here. Some people have no trouble while others have nothing
218 but problems. I'd suspect some problems are related to the age of the
219 average 80 and accompanying hardware deterioration, although others
220 are definitely design problems with the hardware. Among the problems
221 include SCSI controller problems, ESDI controller problems, and serious
222 screw-ups in the floppy controller. Oh, and the parallel port is also
223 pretty flaky. There were about 5 or 6 different model 80 motherboards
224 produced to fix various obscure problems. As far as I know, it's pretty
225 much impossible to tell which bugs a particular model 80 has (other than
226 triggering them, that is).
228 Drivers are required for some MCA memory adapters. If you're suddenly
229 short a few megs of RAM, this might be the reason. The (I think) Enhanced
230 Memory Adapter commonly found on the model 70 is one. There's a very
231 alpha driver floating around, but it's pretty ugly (disassembled from
232 the DOS driver, actually). See the MCA Linux web page (URL below)
233 for more current memory info.
235 The Thinkpad 700 and 720 will work, but various components are either
236 non-functional, flaky, or we don't know anything about them. The
237 graphics controller is supposed to be some WD, but we can't get things
238 working properly. The PCMCIA slots don't seem to work. Ditto for APM.
239 The serial ports work, but detection seems to be flaky.
243 A whole pile of people have contributed to the MCA code. I'd include
244 their names here, but I don't have a list handy. Check the MCA Linux
245 home page (URL below) for a perpetually out-of-date list.
247 =====================================================================
248 MCA Linux Home Page: http://www.dgmicro.com/mca/
250 Christophe Beauregard
251 chrisb@truespectra.com
252 cpbeaure@calum.csclub.uwaterloo.ca
254 =====================================================================
255 Appendix A: Sample /proc/mca
257 This is from my model 8595. Slot 1 contains the standard IBM SCSI
258 adapter, slot 3 is an Adaptec AHA-1640, slot 5 is a XGA-1 video adapter,
259 and slot 7 is the 3c523 Etherlink/MC.
267 Slot 1: ff 8e f1 fc a0 ff ff ff IBM SCSI Adapter w/Cache
268 Slot 2: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
269 Slot 3: 1f 0f 81 3b bf b6 ff ff
270 Slot 4: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
271 Slot 5: db 8f 1d 5e fd c0 00 00
272 Slot 6: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
273 Slot 7: 42 60 ff 08 ff ff ff ff 3Com 3c523 Etherlink/MC
274 Slot 8: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
275 Video : ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
276 SCSI : ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
280 Adapter Name: IBM SCSI Adapter w/Cache
283 POS: ff 8e f1 fc a0 ff ff ff
285 Detected at boot: Yes
289 Adapter Name: Unknown
292 POS: 1f 0f 81 3b bf b6 ff ff
296 Adapter Name: Unknown
299 POS: db 8f 1d 5e fd c0 00 00
303 Adapter Name: 3Com 3c523 Etherlink/MC
306 POS: 42 60 ff 08 ff ff ff ff
309 IO Address: 0x3300-0x3308
310 Memory: 0xd8000-0xdbfff
311 Transceiver: External
313 Hardware Address: 02 60 8c 45 c4 2a