2 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
4 * Support of BIGMEM added by Gerhard Wichert, Siemens AG, July 1999
6 * Memory region support
7 * David Parsons <orc@pell.chi.il.us>, July-August 1999
9 * Added E820 sanitization routine (removes overlapping memory regions);
10 * Brian Moyle <bmoyle@mvista.com>, February 2001
12 * Moved CPU detection code to cpu/${cpu}.c
13 * Patrick Mochel <mochel@osdl.org>, March 2002
15 * Provisions for empty E820 memory regions (reported by certain BIOSes).
16 * Alex Achenbach <xela@slit.de>, December 2002.
21 * This file handles the architecture-dependent parts of initialization
24 #include <linux/sched.h>
26 #include <linux/mmzone.h>
27 #include <linux/screen_info.h>
28 #include <linux/ioport.h>
29 #include <linux/acpi.h>
30 #include <linux/apm_bios.h>
31 #include <linux/initrd.h>
32 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
33 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
34 #include <linux/console.h>
35 #include <linux/mca.h>
36 #include <linux/root_dev.h>
37 #include <linux/highmem.h>
38 #include <linux/module.h>
39 #include <linux/efi.h>
40 #include <linux/init.h>
41 #include <linux/edd.h>
42 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
43 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
44 #include <linux/kexec.h>
45 #include <linux/dmi.h>
46 #include <linux/pfn.h>
47 #include <linux/pci.h>
48 #include <asm/pci-direct.h>
49 #include <linux/init_ohci1394_dma.h>
50 #include <linux/kvm_para.h>
52 #include <linux/errno.h>
53 #include <linux/kernel.h>
54 #include <linux/stddef.h>
55 #include <linux/unistd.h>
56 #include <linux/ptrace.h>
57 #include <linux/slab.h>
58 #include <linux/user.h>
59 #include <linux/delay.h>
60 #include <linux/highmem.h>
62 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
63 #include <linux/edd.h>
64 #include <linux/iscsi_ibft.h>
65 #include <linux/kexec.h>
66 #include <linux/cpufreq.h>
67 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
68 #include <linux/ctype.h>
69 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
71 #include <linux/percpu.h>
72 #include <linux/crash_dump.h>
74 #include <video/edid.h>
79 #include <asm/mpspec.h>
80 #include <asm/setup.h>
81 #include <asm/arch_hooks.h>
82 #include <asm/sections.h>
84 #include <asm/io_apic.h>
87 #include <setup_arch.h>
88 #include <asm/bios_ebda.h>
89 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
90 #include <asm/processor.h>
93 #include <asm/system.h>
94 #include <asm/vsyscall.h>
99 #include <asm/mmu_context.h>
100 #include <asm/proto.h>
102 #include <mach_apic.h>
103 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
104 #include <asm/paravirt.h>
109 #include <asm/percpu.h>
110 #include <asm/sections.h>
111 #include <asm/topology.h>
112 #include <asm/apicdef.h>
114 #include <asm/highmem.h>
117 /* This value is set up by the early boot code to point to the value
118 immediately after the boot time page tables. It contains a *physical*
119 address, and must not be in the .bss segment! */
120 unsigned long init_pg_tables_start __initdata
= ~0UL;
121 unsigned long init_pg_tables_end __initdata
= ~0UL;
126 static struct resource data_resource
= {
127 .name
= "Kernel data",
130 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_MEM
133 static struct resource code_resource
= {
134 .name
= "Kernel code",
137 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_MEM
140 static struct resource bss_resource
= {
141 .name
= "Kernel bss",
144 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_MEM
149 static struct resource video_ram_resource
= {
150 .name
= "Video RAM area",
153 .flags
= IORESOURCE_BUSY
| IORESOURCE_MEM
156 /* cpu data as detected by the assembly code in head.S */
157 struct cpuinfo_x86 new_cpu_data __cpuinitdata
= {0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1};
158 /* common cpu data for all cpus */
159 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly
= {0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1};
160 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data
);
161 static void set_mca_bus(int x
)
168 unsigned int def_to_bigsmp
;
170 /* for MCA, but anyone else can use it if they want */
171 unsigned int machine_id
;
172 unsigned int machine_submodel_id
;
173 unsigned int BIOS_revision
;
175 struct apm_info apm_info
;
176 EXPORT_SYMBOL(apm_info
);
178 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI) || \
179 defined(CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_SMI_MODULE)
180 struct ist_info ist_info
;
181 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ist_info
);
183 struct ist_info ist_info
;
187 struct cpuinfo_x86 boot_cpu_data __read_mostly
;
188 EXPORT_SYMBOL(boot_cpu_data
);
192 #if !defined(CONFIG_X86_PAE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
193 unsigned long mmu_cr4_features
;
195 unsigned long mmu_cr4_features
= X86_CR4_PAE
;
198 /* Boot loader ID as an integer, for the benefit of proc_dointvec */
205 char dmi_alloc_data
[DMI_MAX_DATA
];
210 struct screen_info screen_info
;
211 EXPORT_SYMBOL(screen_info
);
212 struct edid_info edid_info
;
213 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(edid_info
);
215 extern int root_mountflags
;
217 unsigned long saved_video_mode
;
219 #define RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK 0x07FF
220 #define RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG 0x8000
221 #define RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG 0x4000
223 static char __initdata command_line
[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
];
225 #if defined(CONFIG_EDD) || defined(CONFIG_EDD_MODULE)
227 #ifdef CONFIG_EDD_MODULE
231 * copy_edd() - Copy the BIOS EDD information
232 * from boot_params into a safe place.
235 static inline void copy_edd(void)
237 memcpy(edd
.mbr_signature
, boot_params
.edd_mbr_sig_buffer
,
238 sizeof(edd
.mbr_signature
));
239 memcpy(edd
.edd_info
, boot_params
.eddbuf
, sizeof(edd
.edd_info
));
240 edd
.mbr_signature_nr
= boot_params
.edd_mbr_sig_buf_entries
;
241 edd
.edd_info_nr
= boot_params
.eddbuf_entries
;
244 static inline void copy_edd(void)
249 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
253 #define MAX_MAP_CHUNK (NR_FIX_BTMAPS << PAGE_SHIFT)
254 static void __init
relocate_initrd(void)
257 u64 ramdisk_image
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_image
;
258 u64 ramdisk_size
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_size
;
259 u64 end_of_lowmem
= max_low_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
;
261 unsigned long slop
, clen
, mapaddr
;
264 /* We need to move the initrd down into lowmem */
265 ramdisk_here
= find_e820_area(0, end_of_lowmem
, ramdisk_size
,
268 if (ramdisk_here
== -1ULL)
269 panic("Cannot find place for new RAMDISK of size %lld\n",
272 /* Note: this includes all the lowmem currently occupied by
273 the initrd, we rely on that fact to keep the data intact. */
274 reserve_early(ramdisk_here
, ramdisk_here
+ ramdisk_size
,
276 initrd_start
= ramdisk_here
+ PAGE_OFFSET
;
277 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ ramdisk_size
;
278 printk(KERN_INFO
"Allocated new RAMDISK: %08llx - %08llx\n",
279 ramdisk_here
, ramdisk_here
+ ramdisk_size
);
281 q
= (char *)initrd_start
;
283 /* Copy any lowmem portion of the initrd */
284 if (ramdisk_image
< end_of_lowmem
) {
285 clen
= end_of_lowmem
- ramdisk_image
;
286 p
= (char *)__va(ramdisk_image
);
289 ramdisk_image
+= clen
;
290 ramdisk_size
-= clen
;
293 /* Copy the highmem portion of the initrd */
294 while (ramdisk_size
) {
295 slop
= ramdisk_image
& ~PAGE_MASK
;
297 if (clen
> MAX_MAP_CHUNK
-slop
)
298 clen
= MAX_MAP_CHUNK
-slop
;
299 mapaddr
= ramdisk_image
& PAGE_MASK
;
300 p
= early_ioremap(mapaddr
, clen
+slop
);
301 memcpy(q
, p
+slop
, clen
);
302 early_iounmap(p
, clen
+slop
);
304 ramdisk_image
+= clen
;
305 ramdisk_size
-= clen
;
307 /* high pages is not converted by early_res_to_bootmem */
308 ramdisk_image
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_image
;
309 ramdisk_size
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_size
;
310 printk(KERN_INFO
"Move RAMDISK from %016llx - %016llx to"
311 " %08llx - %08llx\n",
312 ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_image
+ ramdisk_size
- 1,
313 ramdisk_here
, ramdisk_here
+ ramdisk_size
- 1);
317 static void __init
reserve_initrd(void)
319 u64 ramdisk_image
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_image
;
320 u64 ramdisk_size
= boot_params
.hdr
.ramdisk_size
;
321 u64 ramdisk_end
= ramdisk_image
+ ramdisk_size
;
322 u64 end_of_lowmem
= max_low_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
;
324 if (!boot_params
.hdr
.type_of_loader
||
325 !ramdisk_image
|| !ramdisk_size
)
326 return; /* No initrd provided by bootloader */
330 if (ramdisk_size
>= (end_of_lowmem
>>1)) {
331 free_early(ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_end
);
332 printk(KERN_ERR
"initrd too large to handle, "
333 "disabling initrd\n");
337 printk(KERN_INFO
"RAMDISK: %08llx - %08llx\n", ramdisk_image
,
341 if (ramdisk_end
<= end_of_lowmem
) {
342 /* All in lowmem, easy case */
344 * don't need to reserve again, already reserved early
345 * in i386_start_kernel
347 initrd_start
= ramdisk_image
+ PAGE_OFFSET
;
348 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ ramdisk_size
;
355 printk(KERN_ERR
"initrd extends beyond end of memory "
356 "(0x%08llx > 0x%08llx)\ndisabling initrd\n",
357 ramdisk_end
, end_of_lowmem
);
360 free_early(ramdisk_image
, ramdisk_end
);
363 static void __init
reserve_initrd(void)
366 #endif /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */
369 * Determine if we were loaded by an EFI loader. If so, then we have also been
370 * passed the efi memmap, systab, etc., so we should use these data structures
371 * for initialization. Note, the efi init code path is determined by the
372 * global efi_enabled. This allows the same kernel image to be used on existing
373 * systems (with a traditional BIOS) as well as on EFI systems.
376 * setup_arch - architecture-specific boot-time initializations
378 * Note: On x86_64, fixmaps are ready for use even before this is called.
381 void __init
setup_arch(char **cmdline_p
)
384 memcpy(&boot_cpu_data
, &new_cpu_data
, sizeof(new_cpu_data
));
385 pre_setup_arch_hook();
387 early_ioremap_init();
388 reserve_setup_data();
390 printk(KERN_INFO
"Command line: %s\n", boot_command_line
);
393 ROOT_DEV
= old_decode_dev(boot_params
.hdr
.root_dev
);
394 screen_info
= boot_params
.screen_info
;
395 edid_info
= boot_params
.edid_info
;
397 apm_info
.bios
= boot_params
.apm_bios_info
;
398 ist_info
= boot_params
.ist_info
;
399 if (boot_params
.sys_desc_table
.length
!= 0) {
400 set_mca_bus(boot_params
.sys_desc_table
.table
[3] & 0x2);
401 machine_id
= boot_params
.sys_desc_table
.table
[0];
402 machine_submodel_id
= boot_params
.sys_desc_table
.table
[1];
403 BIOS_revision
= boot_params
.sys_desc_table
.table
[2];
406 saved_video_mode
= boot_params
.hdr
.vid_mode
;
407 bootloader_type
= boot_params
.hdr
.type_of_loader
;
409 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM
410 rd_image_start
= boot_params
.hdr
.ram_size
& RAMDISK_IMAGE_START_MASK
;
411 rd_prompt
= ((boot_params
.hdr
.ram_size
& RAMDISK_PROMPT_FLAG
) != 0);
412 rd_doload
= ((boot_params
.hdr
.ram_size
& RAMDISK_LOAD_FLAG
) != 0);
415 if (!strncmp((char *)&boot_params
.efi_info
.efi_loader_signature
,
432 if (!boot_params
.hdr
.root_flags
)
433 root_mountflags
&= ~MS_RDONLY
;
434 init_mm
.start_code
= (unsigned long) _text
;
435 init_mm
.end_code
= (unsigned long) _etext
;
436 init_mm
.end_data
= (unsigned long) _edata
;
438 init_mm
.brk
= init_pg_tables_end
+ PAGE_OFFSET
;
440 init_mm
.brk
= (unsigned long) &_end
;
443 code_resource
.start
= virt_to_phys(_text
);
444 code_resource
.end
= virt_to_phys(_etext
)-1;
445 data_resource
.start
= virt_to_phys(_etext
);
446 data_resource
.end
= virt_to_phys(_edata
)-1;
447 bss_resource
.start
= virt_to_phys(&__bss_start
);
448 bss_resource
.end
= virt_to_phys(&__bss_stop
)-1;
453 strlcpy(command_line
, boot_command_line
, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
);
454 *cmdline_p
= command_line
;
460 if (acpi_mps_check()) {
461 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
463 enable_local_apic
= -1;
468 clear_cpu_cap(&boot_cpu_data
, X86_FEATURE_APIC
);
471 finish_e820_parsing();
476 # ifdef CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT
477 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early
)
478 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
482 /* after parse_early_param, so could debug it */
483 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &code_resource
);
484 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &data_resource
);
485 insert_resource(&iomem_resource
, &bss_resource
);
491 if (ppro_with_ram_bug()) {
492 e820_update_range(0x70000000ULL
, 0x40000ULL
, E820_RAM
,
494 sanitize_e820_map(e820
.map
, ARRAY_SIZE(e820
.map
), &e820
.nr_map
);
495 printk(KERN_INFO
"fixed physical RAM map:\n");
496 e820_print_map("bad_ppro");
499 early_gart_iommu_check();
502 e820_register_active_regions(0, 0, -1UL);
504 * partially used pages are not usable - thus
505 * we are rounding upwards:
507 max_pfn
= e820_end_of_ram();
509 /* preallocate 4k for mptable mpc */
510 early_reserve_e820_mpc_new();
511 /* update e820 for memory not covered by WB MTRRs */
513 if (mtrr_trim_uncached_memory(max_pfn
)) {
514 remove_all_active_ranges();
515 e820_register_active_regions(0, 0, -1UL);
516 max_pfn
= e820_end_of_ram();
520 /* max_low_pfn get updated here */
521 find_low_pfn_range();
523 num_physpages
= max_pfn
;
527 /* How many end-of-memory variables you have, grandma! */
528 /* need this before calling reserve_initrd */
529 max_low_pfn
= max_pfn
;
530 high_memory
= (void *)__va(max_pfn
* PAGE_SIZE
- 1) + 1;
533 /* max_pfn_mapped is updated here */
537 max_pfn_mapped
= init_memory_mapping(0, (max_low_pfn
<< PAGE_SHIFT
));
550 * Parse the ACPI tables for possible boot-time SMP configuration.
552 acpi_boot_table_init();
555 /* Remove active ranges so rediscovery with NUMA-awareness happens */
556 remove_all_active_ranges();
559 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_NUMA
561 * Parse SRAT to discover nodes.
566 initmem_init(0, max_pfn
);
569 dma32_reserve_bootmem();
572 #ifdef CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP
574 * Reserve low memory region for sleep support.
576 acpi_reserve_bootmem();
578 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_FIND_SMP_CONFIG) && defined(CONFIG_X86_32) || \
579 defined(CONFIG_X86_MPPARSE) && defined(CONFIG_X86_64)
581 * Find and reserve possible boot-time SMP configuration:
585 reserve_crashkernel();
587 reserve_ibft_region();
589 #ifdef CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK
593 #if defined(CONFIG_VMI) && defined(CONFIG_X86_32)
595 * Must be after max_low_pfn is determined, and before kernel
596 * pagetables are setup.
608 * NOTE: On x86-32, only from this point on, fixmaps are ready for use.
611 #if defined(CONFIG_PROVIDE_OHCI1394_DMA_INIT) && defined(CONFIG_X86_32)
612 if (init_ohci1394_dma_early
)
613 init_ohci1394_dma_on_all_controllers();
616 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_GENERICARCH
617 generic_apic_probe();
623 * Read APIC and some other early information from ACPI tables.
631 #if defined(CONFIG_X86_MPPARSE) || defined(CONFIG_X86_VISWS)
633 * get boot-time SMP configuration:
635 if (smp_found_config
)
640 init_apic_mappings();
641 ioapic_init_mappings();
643 # if defined(CONFIG_SMP) && defined(CONFIG_X86_PC)
645 printk(KERN_WARNING
"More than 8 CPUs detected and "
646 "CONFIG_X86_PC cannot handle it.\nUse "
647 "CONFIG_X86_GENERICARCH or CONFIG_X86_BIGSMP.\n");
652 e820_reserve_resources();
653 e820_mark_nosave_regions(max_low_pfn
);
656 request_resource(&iomem_resource
, &video_ram_resource
);
658 reserve_standard_io_resources();
663 #if defined(CONFIG_VGA_CONSOLE)
664 if (!efi_enabled
|| (efi_mem_type(0xa0000) != EFI_CONVENTIONAL_MEMORY
))
665 conswitchp
= &vga_con
;
666 #elif defined(CONFIG_DUMMY_CONSOLE)
667 conswitchp
= &dummy_con
;