1 Submitting Drivers For The Linux Kernel
2 ---------------------------------------
4 This document is intended to explain how to submit device drivers to the
5 various kernel trees. Note that if you are interested in video card drivers
6 you should probably talk to XFree86 (http://www.xfree86.org/) and/or X.Org
7 (http://x.org/) instead.
9 Also read the Documentation/SubmittingPatches document.
12 Allocating Device Numbers
13 -------------------------
15 Major and minor numbers for block and character devices are allocated
16 by the Linux assigned name and number authority (currently this is
17 Torben Mathiasen). The site is http://www.lanana.org/. This
18 also deals with allocating numbers for devices that are not going to
19 be submitted to the mainstream kernel.
20 See Documentation/devices.txt for more information on this.
22 If you don't use assigned numbers then when your device is submitted it will
23 be given an assigned number even if that is different from values you may
24 have shipped to customers before.
26 Who To Submit Drivers To
27 ------------------------
30 No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
33 No new drivers are accepted for this kernel tree.
36 If the code area has a general maintainer then please submit it to
37 the maintainer listed in MAINTAINERS in the kernel file. If the
38 maintainer does not respond or you cannot find the appropriate
39 maintainer then please contact Marcelo Tosatti
40 <marcelo.tosatti@cyclades.com>.
43 The same rules apply as 2.4 except that you should follow linux-kernel
44 to track changes in API's. The final contact point for Linux 2.6
45 submissions is Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>.
47 What Criteria Determine Acceptance
48 ----------------------------------
50 Licensing: The code must be released to us under the
51 GNU General Public License. We don't insist on any kind
52 of exclusive GPL licensing, and if you wish the driver
53 to be useful to other communities such as BSD you may well
54 wish to release under multiple licenses.
55 See accepted licenses at include/linux/module.h
57 Copyright: The copyright owner must agree to use of GPL.
58 It's best if the submitter and copyright owner
59 are the same person/entity. If not, the name of
60 the person/entity authorizing use of GPL should be
61 listed in case it's necessary to verify the will of
64 Interfaces: If your driver uses existing interfaces and behaves like
65 other drivers in the same class it will be much more likely
66 to be accepted than if it invents gratuitous new ones.
67 If you need to implement a common API over Linux and NT
68 drivers do it in userspace.
70 Code: Please use the Linux style of code formatting as documented
71 in Documentation/CodingStyle. If you have sections of code
72 that need to be in other formats, for example because they
73 are shared with a windows driver kit and you want to
74 maintain them just once separate them out nicely and note
77 Portability: Pointers are not always 32bits, not all computers are little
78 endian, people do not all have floating point and you
79 shouldn't use inline x86 assembler in your driver without
80 careful thought. Pure x86 drivers generally are not popular.
81 If you only have x86 hardware it is hard to test portability
82 but it is easy to make sure the code can easily be made
85 Clarity: It helps if anyone can see how to fix the driver. It helps
86 you because you get patches not bug reports. If you submit a
87 driver that intentionally obfuscates how the hardware works
88 it will go in the bitbucket.
90 PM support: Since Linux is used on many portable and desktop systems, your
91 driver is likely to be used on such a system and therefore it
92 should support basic power management by implementing, if
93 necessary, the .suspend and .resume methods used during the
94 system-wide suspend and resume transitions. You should verify
95 that your driver correctly handles the suspend and resume, but
96 if you are unable to ensure that, please at least define the
97 .suspend method returning the -ENOSYS ("Function not
98 implemented") error. You should also try to make sure that your
99 driver uses as little power as possible when it's not doing
100 anything. For the driver testing instructions see
101 Documentation/power/drivers-testing.txt and for a relatively
102 complete overview of the power management issues related to
103 drivers see Documentation/power/devices.txt .
105 Control: In general if there is active maintainance of a driver by
106 the author then patches will be redirected to them unless
107 they are totally obvious and without need of checking.
108 If you want to be the contact and update point for the
109 driver it is a good idea to state this in the comments,
110 and include an entry in MAINTAINERS for your driver.
112 What Criteria Do Not Determine Acceptance
113 -----------------------------------------
115 Vendor: Being the hardware vendor and maintaining the driver is
116 often a good thing. If there is a stable working driver from
117 other people already in the tree don't expect 'we are the
118 vendor' to get your driver chosen. Ideally work with the
119 existing driver author to build a single perfect driver.
121 Author: It doesn't matter if a large Linux company wrote the driver,
122 or you did. Nobody has any special access to the kernel
123 tree. Anyone who tells you otherwise isn't telling the
130 Linux kernel master tree:
131 ftp.??.kernel.org:/pub/linux/kernel/...
132 ?? == your country code, such as "us", "uk", "fr", etc.
134 Linux kernel mailing list:
135 linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
136 [mail majordomo@vger.kernel.org to subscribe]
138 Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition (covers 2.6.10):
139 http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/ (free version)
142 Weekly summary of kernel development activity - http://lwn.net/
144 http://lwn.net/Articles/2.6-kernel-api/
145 Porting drivers from prior kernels to 2.6:
146 http://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/
149 Occasional Linux kernel articles and developer interviews
150 http://kerneltrap.org/
153 Documentation and assistance for new kernel programmers
154 http://kernelnewbies.org/
157 http://www.linux-usb.org/
159 How to NOT write kernel driver by Arjan van de Ven:
160 http://www.fenrus.org/how-to-not-write-a-device-driver-paper.pdf
163 http://janitor.kernelnewbies.org/