2 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
3 To use the vfat filesystem, use the filesystem type 'vfat'. i.e.
4 mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt
6 No special partition formatter is required. mkdosfs will work fine
7 if you want to format from within Linux.
10 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
11 umask=### -- The permission mask (for files and directories, see umask(1)).
12 The default is the umask of current process.
14 dmask=### -- The permission mask for the directory.
15 The default is the umask of current process.
17 fmask=### -- The permission mask for files.
18 The default is the umask of current process.
20 allow_utime=### -- This option controls the permission check of mtime/atime.
22 20 - If current process is in group of file's group ID,
23 you can change timestamp.
24 2 - Other users can change timestamp.
26 The default is set from `dmask' option. (If the directory is
27 writable, utime(2) is also allowed. I.e. ~dmask & 022)
29 Normally utime(2) checks current process is owner of
30 the file, or it has CAP_FOWNER capability. But FAT
31 filesystem doesn't have uid/gid on disk, so normal
32 check is too unflexible. With this option you can
35 codepage=### -- Sets the codepage number for converting to shortname
36 characters on FAT filesystem.
37 By default, FAT_DEFAULT_CODEPAGE setting is used.
39 iocharset=name -- Character set to use for converting between the
40 encoding is used for user visible filename and 16 bit
41 Unicode characters. Long filenames are stored on disk
42 in Unicode format, but Unix for the most part doesn't
43 know how to deal with Unicode.
44 By default, FAT_DEFAULT_IOCHARSET setting is used.
46 There is also an option of doing UTF-8 translations
49 NOTE: "iocharset=utf8" is not recommended. If unsure,
50 you should consider the following option instead.
52 utf8=<bool> -- UTF-8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
53 is used by the console. It can be enabled for the
54 filesystem with this option. If 'uni_xlate' gets set,
57 uni_xlate=<bool> -- Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special
58 escaped sequences. This would let you backup and
59 restore filenames that are created with any Unicode
60 characters. Until Linux supports Unicode for real,
61 this gives you an alternative. Without this option,
62 a '?' is used when no translation is possible. The
63 escape character is ':' because it is otherwise
64 illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence
65 that gets used is ':' and the four digits of hexadecimal
68 nonumtail=<bool> -- When creating 8.3 aliases, normally the alias will
69 end in '~1' or tilde followed by some number. If this
70 option is set, then if the filename is
71 "longfilename.txt" and "longfile.txt" does not
72 currently exist in the directory, 'longfile.txt' will
73 be the short alias instead of 'longfi~1.txt'.
75 usefree -- Use the "free clusters" value stored on FSINFO. It'll
76 be used to determine number of free clusters without
77 scanning disk. But it's not used by default, because
78 recent Windows don't update it correctly in some
79 case. If you are sure the "free clusters" on FSINFO is
80 correct, by this option you can avoid scanning disk.
82 quiet -- Stops printing certain warning messages.
84 check=s|r|n -- Case sensitivity checking setting.
85 s: strict, case sensitive
86 r: relaxed, case insensitive
87 n: normal, default setting, currently case insensitive
89 shortname=lower|win95|winnt|mixed
90 -- Shortname display/create setting.
91 lower: convert to lowercase for display,
92 emulate the Windows 95 rule for create.
93 win95: emulate the Windows 95 rule for display/create.
94 winnt: emulate the Windows NT rule for display/create.
95 mixed: emulate the Windows NT rule for display,
96 emulate the Windows 95 rule for create.
97 Default setting is `lower'.
99 tz=UTC -- Interpret timestamps as UTC rather than local time.
100 This option disables the conversion of timestamps
101 between local time (as used by Windows on FAT) and UTC
102 (which Linux uses internally). This is particuluarly
103 useful when mounting devices (like digital cameras)
104 that are set to UTC in order to avoid the pitfalls of
107 <bool>: 0,1,yes,no,true,false
110 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
111 * Need to get rid of the raw scanning stuff. Instead, always use
112 a get next directory entry approach. The only thing left that uses
113 raw scanning is the directory renaming code.
117 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
118 * vfat_valid_longname does not properly checked reserved names.
119 * When a volume name is the same as a directory name in the root
120 directory of the filesystem, the directory name sometimes shows
122 * autoconv option does not work correctly.
125 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
126 If you have trouble with the VFAT filesystem, mail bug reports to
127 chaffee@bmrc.cs.berkeley.edu. Please specify the filename
128 and the operation that gave you trouble.
131 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
132 If you plan to make any modifications to the vfat filesystem, please
133 get the test suite that comes with the vfat distribution at
135 http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/vfat.html
137 This tests quite a few parts of the vfat filesystem and additional
138 tests for new features or untested features would be appreciated.
140 NOTES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE VFAT FILESYSTEM
141 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
142 (This documentation was provided by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cs.rochester.edu>
143 and lightly annotated by Gordon Chaffee).
145 This document presents a very rough, technical overview of my
146 knowledge of the extended FAT file system used in Windows NT 3.5 and
147 Windows 95. I don't guarantee that any of the following is correct,
148 but it appears to be so.
150 The extended FAT file system is almost identical to the FAT
151 file system used in DOS versions up to and including 6.223410239847
152 :-). The significant change has been the addition of long file names.
153 These names support up to 255 characters including spaces and lower
154 case characters as opposed to the traditional 8.3 short names.
156 Here is the description of the traditional FAT entry in the current
157 Windows 95 filesystem:
159 struct directory { // Short 8.3 names
160 unsigned char name[8]; // file name
161 unsigned char ext[3]; // file extension
162 unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
163 unsigned char lcase; // Case for base and extension
164 unsigned char ctime_ms; // Creation time, milliseconds
165 unsigned char ctime[2]; // Creation time
166 unsigned char cdate[2]; // Creation date
167 unsigned char adate[2]; // Last access date
168 unsigned char reserved[2]; // reserved values (ignored)
169 unsigned char time[2]; // time stamp
170 unsigned char date[2]; // date stamp
171 unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
172 unsigned char size[4]; // size of the file
175 The lcase field specifies if the base and/or the extension of an 8.3
176 name should be capitalized. This field does not seem to be used by
177 Windows 95 but it is used by Windows NT. The case of filenames is not
178 completely compatible from Windows NT to Windows 95. It is not completely
179 compatible in the reverse direction, however. Filenames that fit in
180 the 8.3 namespace and are written on Windows NT to be lowercase will
181 show up as uppercase on Windows 95.
183 Note that the "start" and "size" values are actually little
184 endian integer values. The descriptions of the fields in this
185 structure are public knowledge and can be found elsewhere.
187 With the extended FAT system, Microsoft has inserted extra
188 directory entries for any files with extended names. (Any name which
189 legally fits within the old 8.3 encoding scheme does not have extra
190 entries.) I call these extra entries slots. Basically, a slot is a
191 specially formatted directory entry which holds up to 13 characters of
192 a file's extended name. Think of slots as additional labeling for the
193 directory entry of the file to which they correspond. Microsoft
194 prefers to refer to the 8.3 entry for a file as its alias and the
195 extended slot directory entries as the file name.
197 The C structure for a slot directory entry follows:
199 struct slot { // Up to 13 characters of a long name
200 unsigned char id; // sequence number for slot
201 unsigned char name0_4[10]; // first 5 characters in name
202 unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
203 unsigned char reserved; // always 0
204 unsigned char alias_checksum; // checksum for 8.3 alias
205 unsigned char name5_10[12]; // 6 more characters in name
206 unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
207 unsigned char name11_12[4]; // last 2 characters in name
210 If the layout of the slots looks a little odd, it's only
211 because of Microsoft's efforts to maintain compatibility with old
212 software. The slots must be disguised to prevent old software from
213 panicking. To this end, a number of measures are taken:
215 1) The attribute byte for a slot directory entry is always set
216 to 0x0f. This corresponds to an old directory entry with
217 attributes of "hidden", "system", "read-only", and "volume
218 label". Most old software will ignore any directory
219 entries with the "volume label" bit set. Real volume label
220 entries don't have the other three bits set.
222 2) The starting cluster is always set to 0, an impossible
223 value for a DOS file.
225 Because the extended FAT system is backward compatible, it is
226 possible for old software to modify directory entries. Measures must
227 be taken to ensure the validity of slots. An extended FAT system can
228 verify that a slot does in fact belong to an 8.3 directory entry by
231 1) Positioning. Slots for a file always immediately proceed
232 their corresponding 8.3 directory entry. In addition, each
233 slot has an id which marks its order in the extended file
234 name. Here is a very abbreviated view of an 8.3 directory
235 entry and its corresponding long name slots for the file
236 "My Big File.Extension which is long":
238 <proceeding files...>
239 <slot #3, id = 0x43, characters = "h is long">
240 <slot #2, id = 0x02, characters = "xtension whic">
241 <slot #1, id = 0x01, characters = "My Big File.E">
242 <directory entry, name = "MYBIGFIL.EXT">
244 Note that the slots are stored from last to first. Slots
245 are numbered from 1 to N. The Nth slot is or'ed with 0x40
246 to mark it as the last one.
248 2) Checksum. Each slot has an "alias_checksum" value. The
249 checksum is calculated from the 8.3 name using the
252 for (sum = i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
253 sum = (((sum&1)<<7)|((sum&0xfe)>>1)) + name[i]
256 3) If there is free space in the final slot, a Unicode NULL (0x0000)
257 is stored after the final character. After that, all unused
258 characters in the final slot are set to Unicode 0xFFFF.
260 Finally, note that the extended name is stored in Unicode. Each Unicode
261 character takes two bytes.