[PATCH] nfsd4: reboot recovery fix
[linux-2.6/mini2440.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
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1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description state the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled. 
31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled. 
32         EDD     BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
36         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40         IP_PNP  IP DCHP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
42         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44         LP      Printer support is enabled.
45         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
46         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
47                         These options have more detailed description inside of
48                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
50         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
51         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
53         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
54         NUMA    NUMA support is enabled.
55         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
56         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
57         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
58         PARISC  The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
59         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
60         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
61         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
62         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
63         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
64         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
65         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
66         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
67         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
68                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
69                         Documentation/scsi/.
70         SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
71         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
72         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
73         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
74         SWSUSP  Software suspension is enabled.
75         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
76         USB     USB support is enabled.
77         USBHID  USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
78         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
79         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
80         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
81         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
82         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
83         X86-64  X86-64 architecture is enabled.
84                         More X86-64 boot options can be found in
85                         Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
87 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
89         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
90         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
91         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
93 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
94 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
95 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
96 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
98 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
99 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
100 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
101 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
102 running once the system is up.
104         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
105                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
106                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
108         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 
109                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict }
110                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
111                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
112                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
113                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
114                         strict --  Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
115                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
117                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
119         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
120                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
121                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
123         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
124                         Format: { level | edge |  high | low }
126         acpi_irq_balance        [HW,ACPI] ACPI will balance active IRQs
127                                 default in APIC mode
129         acpi_irq_nobalance      [HW,ACPI] ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
130                                 default in PIC mode
132         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, Clear listed IRQs for use by PCI
133                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
135         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, Mark listed IRQs used by ISA
136                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
138         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
140         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
142         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
143                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
144                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
146         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
147                         Format: <int>
148                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an acpi debug layer,
149                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
150                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
151                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
153         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
154                         Format: <int>
155                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an acpi debug level,
156                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
157                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
158                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
160         acpi_fake_ecdt  [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
162         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
163                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
164                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
166         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
167                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
169         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
170                         Format: <io>
172         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
173                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
175         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
176                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
178         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
179                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
180                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
182         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
183                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
185         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
186                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
188         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
189                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
191         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
192                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
194         AM53C974=       [HW,SCSI]
195                         Format: <host-scsi-id>,<target-scsi-id>,<max-rate>,<max-offset>
196                         See also header of drivers/scsi/AM53C974.c.
198         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
199                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
200                         Format: <a>,<b>
201                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
203         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
204                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
205                         connected to one of 16 gameports
206                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
208         apc=            [HW,SPARC] Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
209                         Format: noidle
210                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
211                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
212                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
214         apic=           [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity  whilst booting
215                         Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
216                         Change the amount of debugging information output
217                         when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
219         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
220                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
222         applicom=       [HW]
223                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
225         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
226                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
228         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
230         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
232         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
234         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
235                         EzKey and similar keyboards
237         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
239         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set 
240                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default) 3 = PS/2)
242         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
243                         keyboards
245         atkbd.softraw=  [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
246                         Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
247         
248         atkbd.softrepeat=
249                         [HW] Use software keyboard repeat
251         autotest        [IA64]
253         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
254                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
256         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
257                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
259         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
260                         Format: <io>,<mode>
262         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
263                         Format: <io>,<mode>
264                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
266         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
267                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
268                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
270         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
271                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
272                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
274         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
275         blkmtd_erasesz=
276         blkmtd_ro=
277         blkmtd_bs=
278         blkmtd_count=
280         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
281         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as kernel args too.
282         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
283         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
285         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
286                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
287                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
289         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
291         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
292                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
293                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
294                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
295                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
296                         This option provides an override for these situations.
298         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
299                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
300                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
302         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
304         checkreqprot    [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
305                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
306                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
307                         0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes any implied execute protection).
308                         1 -- check protection requested by application.
309                         Default value is set via a kernel config option.
310                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/checkreqprot.
312         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday timesource override. 
313                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
314                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified timesource
315                         is not avalible, it defaults to PIT. 
316                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
318         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
319                         Format: disable
321         cm206=          [HW,CD]
322                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
324         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
325                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
327         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
328                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
330         com90xx=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
331                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
333         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
334         conmode=
336         console=        [KNL] Output console device and options.
338                 tty<n>  Use the virtual console device <n>.
340                 ttyS<n>[,options]
341                         Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
342                         the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
343                         "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
344                         Default is "9600n8".
346                         See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
348                 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
349                 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
350                         Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
351                         UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
352                         switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
353                         options are the same as for ttyS, above.
355         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
356                         Format: <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
358         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
359                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
361         crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
362                         [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
363                         hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
365         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
366                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
368         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
369                         Format: <dma>
371         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
372                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
374         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
376         dasd=           [HW,NET]    
377                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
379         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
380                         (one device per port)
381                         Format: <port#>,<type>
382                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
384         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
386         decnet=         [HW,NET]
387                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
388                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
390         devfs=          [DEVFS]
391                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
393         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
394                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
396         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
397                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
399         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
400                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
401                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
403         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
404                         support available.
405                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
407         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
409         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
411         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
413         earlyprintk=    [IA-32, X86-64]
414                         earlyprintk=vga
415                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
417                         Append ,keep to not disable it when the real console
418                         takes over.
420                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
422                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
424                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
425                         very good.
427                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
428                         console.
430         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
432         eda=            [HW,PS2]
434         edb=            [HW,PS2]
436         edd=            [EDD]
437                         Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
438                         See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
440         eicon=          [HW,ISDN] 
441                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
443         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC,HW]
444                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
446         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
447                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
448                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
450         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
451                         Format: {"as"|"cfq"|"deadline"|"noop"}
452                         See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt
453                         and Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
454         elfcorehdr=     [IA-32]
455                         Specifies physical address of start of kernel core image
456                         elf header.
457                         See Documentation/kdump.txt for details.
459         enforcing       [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
460                         Format: {"0" | "1"}
461                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
462                         0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
463                         1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
464                         Default value is 0.
465                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
467         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
468                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
469                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
471         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
472                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
473                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
475         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
476                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
477                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
479         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
480                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
482         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
483                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
485         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
486                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
488         floppy=         [HW]
489                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
491         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
492                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
494         gamecon.map[2|3]=
495                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
496                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
497                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
498                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
500         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
502         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
503                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
505         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
506                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
508         gscd=           [HW,CD]
509                         Format: <io>
511         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
513         gus=            [HW,OSS]
514                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
516         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
518         hashdist=       [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
519                         are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
520                         for IA-64, off otherwise.
522         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
524         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
525                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
527         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
528         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
530         highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
531                         size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
532                         highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
533                         size on bigger boxes.
535         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
536                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
538         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
540         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
542         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
543         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
544                              keyboard and can not control its state
545                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
546         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
547         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
548                              controller
549         i8042.nopnp     [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
550                              controllers
551         i8042.panicblink=
552                         [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
553                              when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
554         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
555         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
557         i810=           [HW,DRM]
559         i8k.ignore_dmi  [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
560                         indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
561                         hardware.
562         i8k.force       [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
563                         does not match list of supported models.
564         i8k.power_status
565                         [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
566                         (disabled by default)
567         i8k.restricted  [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
568                         capability is set.
570         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
571                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
573         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
574                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
576         ide=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
577                         Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
578                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
580         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
581                         Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
582                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
583         
584         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
585                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
587         idle=           [HW]
588                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
590         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
591                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
593         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
594                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
596         init=           [KNL]
597                         Format: <full_path>
598                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
599                         process.
601         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
602                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
603                         startup.
605         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
607         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
608                         Format: <irq>
610         inttest=        [IA64]
612         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
613                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
614                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
616         ip=             [IP_PNP]
617                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
619         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
620                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
622         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
623                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
625         irqfixup        [HW]
626                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
627                         for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
628                         firmware running.
630         irqpoll         [HW]
631                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
632                         for it. Also check all handlers each timer
633                         interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
634                         firmware running.
636         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
637                         Format: <RDP>, <reset>, <pci_scan>, <verbosity>
639         isolcpus=       [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
640                         Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
641                         This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
642                         to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
643                         algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
644                         an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
645                         <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
646                         "number of CPUs in system - 1".
648                         This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
649                         alternative - manually setting the CPU mask of all tasks
650                         in the system can cause problems and suboptimal load
651                         balancer performance.
653         isp16=          [HW,CD]
654                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
656         iucv=           [HW,NET] 
658         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
659                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
661         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
663         kstack=N        [IA-32, X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
664                         in oops dumps.
666         l2cr=           [PPC]
668         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS disabled it.
670         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
671                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
673         llsc*=          [IA64]
674                         See function print_params() in arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
676         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
677                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
679         lockd.udpport=  [NFS]
681         lockd.tcpport=  [NFS]
683         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
684                         Format: <irq>
686         loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
687                         console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
688                         also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
689                         loglevels are defined as follows:
691                         0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
692                         1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
693                         2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
694                         3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
695                         4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
696                         5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
697                         6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
698                         7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages
700         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
701                         Format is n, nk, nM.  n must be a power of two.  The
702                         default is set in kernel config.
704         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
705         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
706         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
707         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
708                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
709                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
710                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
711                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
712                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
713                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
714                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
715                                 port specification list means that device IDs
716                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
717                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
718                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
719                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
721         lpj=n           [KNL]
722                         Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
723                         time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
724                         CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
725                         the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
726                         autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
727                         on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
728                         which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
729                         significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
730                         will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
731                         unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
732                         unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
733                         hardware.
735         ltpc=           [NET]
736                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
738         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI]
739                         Format: <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
741         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI]
742                         Format: <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
744         machvec=        [IA64]
745                         Force the use of a particular machine-vector (machvec) in a generic
746                         kernel.  Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
748         mad16=          [HW,OSS]
749                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
751         maui=           [HW,OSS]
752                         Format: <io>,<irq>
754         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
755                         be mounted
756                         Format: <1-256>
758         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
759                         should make use of
761         max_luns=       [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe
762                         Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
764         max_report_luns=
765                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received
766                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
768         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
770         mcatest=        [IA-64]
772         mcd=            [HW,CD]
773                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
775         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
777         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
779         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
780                         See Documentation/md.txt.
782         mdacon=         [MDA]
783                         Format: <first>,<last>
784                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
786         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
787                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
788                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
789                         [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
790                         address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
791                         could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
793         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
794                         memory.
796         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32] Enable setting of an exact
797                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
798                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
799                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
800                         option description.
802         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
803                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
804                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
806         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
807                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
808                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
810         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
811                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
812                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
814         meye.*=         [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
815                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
817         mga=            [HW,DRM]
819         mousedev.tap_time=
820                         [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
821                         leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
822                         a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
823                         touchpads working in absolute mode only).
824                         Format: <msecs>
825         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
826                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
827         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
828                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
830         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
831                         Format: <io>,<irq>
833         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
834                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
836         MTD_Region=     [MTD]
837                         Format: <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
839         mtdparts=       [MTD]
840                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
842         mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
843                         [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates ('y', default)
844                         or cooked coordinates ('n')
846         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
848         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
849                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
851         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
853         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
855         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
857         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
859         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
861         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
862                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
863                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
864                         something different and driver-specific.
866         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
867                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
869         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
870                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
872         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
874         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
875                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
876                         is present.
878         noalign         [KNL,ARM] 
880         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
881                         IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
883         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
884                         all devices.
886         nobats          [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
887                         on "Classic" PPC cores.
889         nocache         [ARM]
891         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
893         noexec          [IA-64]
895         noexec          [IA-32, X86-64]
896                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
897                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
899         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32]
901         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
903         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
904                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
905                         use it.
907         nohalt          [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
908                         function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
909                         power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
910                         interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
911                         in certain environments such as networked servers or
912                         real-time systems.
914         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
915                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
917         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
919         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
920                         initial RAM disk.
922         nointroute      [IA-64]
924         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
926         noltlbs         [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
927                         lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
929         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
931         noresidual      [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
933         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restore original swap space.
935         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
936                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
937                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
939         nosbagart       [IA-64]
941         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
943         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
945         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
947         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
949         nowb            [ARM]
951         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
952                         Format: <io>
954         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
955                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
957         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS]
958                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
960         oprofile.timer= [HW]
961                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
963         optcd=          [HW,CD]
964                         Format: <io>
966         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
967                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
968                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
970         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
971                         Format: <timeout>
973         parkbd.port=    [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
974                         connected to, default is 0.
975                         Format: <parport#>
976         parkbd.mode=    [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
977                         0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
978                         Format: <mode> 
980         parport=0       [HW,PPT]        Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
981         parport=auto                    Use 'auto' to force the driver to use
982         parport=0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]]       any IRQ/DMA settings detected (the
983                                         default is to ignore detected IRQ/DMA
984                                         settings because of possible
985                                         conflicts). You can specify the base
986                                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and
987                                         DMA should be numbers, or 'auto' (for
988                                         using detected settings on that
989                                         particular port), or 'nofifo' (to avoid
990                                         using a FIFO even if it is detected).
991                                         Parallel ports are assigned in the
992                                         order they are specified on the command
993                                         line, starting with parport0.
995         parport_init_mode=
996                         [HW,PPT]        Configure VIA parallel port to
997                                         operate in specific mode. This is
998                                         necessary on Pegasos computer where
999                                         firmware has no options for setting up
1000                                         parallel port mode and sets it to
1001                                         spp. Currently this function knows
1002                                         686a and 8231 chips.
1003                         Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1005         pas2=           [HW,OSS]
1006                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1008         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
1009                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1011         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
1013         pcd.            [PARIDE]
1014                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1015                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1017         pci=option[,option...]          [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1018                 off                     [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1019                 bios                    [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1020                                         the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1021                                         has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1022                 nobios                  [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1023                                         hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1024                                         if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1025                                         suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1026                 conf1                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 1.
1027                 conf2                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 2.
1028                 nosort                  [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1029                                         order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is done
1030                                         to get a device order compatible with older kernels.
1031                 biosirq                 [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1032                                         routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1033                                         on several machines and they hang the machine when used,
1034                                         but on other computers it's the only way to get the
1035                                         interrupt routing table. Try this option if the kernel
1036                                         is unable to allocate IRQs or discover secondary PCI
1037                                         buses on your motherboard.
1038                 rom                     [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1039                                         Use with caution as certain devices share address
1040                                         decoders between ROMs and other resources.
1041                 irqmask=0xMMMM          [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned
1042                                         automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel
1043                                         exclude IRQs of your ISA cards this way.
1044                 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA        [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1045                                         of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1046                                         by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1047                                         F0000h-100000h range.
1048                 lastbus=N               [IA-32] Scan all buses till bus #N. Can be useful
1049                                         if the kernel is unable to find your secondary buses
1050                                         and you want to tell it explicitly which ones they are.
1051                 assign-busses           [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1052                                         numbers ourselves, overriding
1053                                         whatever the firmware may have
1054                                         done.
1055                 usepirqmask             [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask
1056                                         stored in the BIOS $PIR table. This is
1057                                         needed on some systems with broken
1058                                         BIOSes, notably some HP Pavilion N5400
1059                                         and Omnibook XE3 notebooks. This will
1060                                         have no effect if ACPI IRQ routing is
1061                                         enabled.
1062                 noacpi                  [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1063                                         or for PCI scanning.
1064                 routeirq                Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1065                                         This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1066                                         so this option is a temporary workaround
1067                                         for broken drivers that don't call it.
1069                 firmware                [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but
1070                                         instead just use the configuration
1071                                         from the bootloader. This is currently
1072                                         used on IXP2000 systems where the
1073                                         bus has to be configured a certain way
1074                                         for adjunct CPUs.
1076         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1078         pd.             [PARIDE]
1079                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1081         pdcchassis=     [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1082                         boot time.
1083                         Format: { 0 | 1 }
1084                         See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1086         pf.             [PARIDE]
1087                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1089         pg.             [PARIDE]
1090                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1092         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1093                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1095         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1096                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1097                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1099         pnpacpi=        [ACPI]
1100                         { off }
1102         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
1103                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1105         pnp_reserve_irq=
1106                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1108         pnp_reserve_dma=
1109                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1111         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1112                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1114         pnp_reserve_mem=
1115                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the autoconfiguration
1116                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1118         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1119                         { schedule | <number> }
1120                         (param: schedule - profile schedule points}
1121                         (param: profile step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1122                                 statistical time based profiling)
1124         processor.max_cstate=   [HW, ACPI]
1125                         Limit processor to maximum C-state
1126                         max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1128         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1129                         before loading.
1130                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1132         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1133                         probe for (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1134         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1135                         per second.
1136         psmouse.resetafter=
1137                         [HW,MOUSE] Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1138                         (0 = never).
1139         psmouse.resolution=
1140                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1141         psmouse.smartscroll=
1142                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat,
1143                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1145         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1146                         Format: <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1148         pt.             [PARIDE]
1149                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1151         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
1153         r128=           [HW,DRM]
1155         raid=           [HW,RAID]
1156                         See Documentation/md.txt.
1158         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1159                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1161         ramdisk_blocksize=
1162                         [RAM]
1163                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1165         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1166                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1167                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1169         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1170                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1171                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1173         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1175         resume=         [SWSUSP] Specify the partition device for software suspension
1177         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1178                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1180         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
1181                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1183         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1185         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
1187         rootdelay=      [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1188                         mount the root filesystem
1190         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1192         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1194         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1196         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
1198         sa1100ir        [NET]
1199                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1201         sb=             [HW,OSS]
1202                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1204         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1206         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1207                         Format: <io>,<type>
1208                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1209                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1211         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1212                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1214         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1215                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1217         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1218                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1219                         Format: <integer>
1221         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1222                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1223                         (flags are integer value)
1225         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1227         selinux         [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1228                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
1229                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1230                         0 -- disable.
1231                         1 -- enable.
1232                         Default value is set via kernel config option.
1233                         If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1234                         later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1236         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1238         sg_def_reserved_size=
1239                         [SCSI]
1241         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1242                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1244         shapers=        [NET]
1245                         Maximal number of shapers.
1247         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1248                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1250         simeth=         [IA-64]
1251         simscsi=
1253         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1254                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1255                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1257         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1259         smart2=         [HW]
1260                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1262         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1264         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1266         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1268         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1270         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1272         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1274         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1276         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1278         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1280         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1282         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1284         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1286         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1288         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1290         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1292         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1294         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1296         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1298         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1300         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1302         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1304         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1306         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1308         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1310         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1312         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1314         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1316         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1318         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1320         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1322         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1324         snd-interwave-stb=
1325                         [HW,ALSA]
1327         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1329         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1331         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1333         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1335         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1337         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1339         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1340                         [HW,ALSA]
1342         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1343                         [HW,ALSA]
1345         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1347         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1349         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1351         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1353         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1355         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1357         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1359         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1361         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1363         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1365         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1367         snd-sun-amd7930=
1368                         [HW,ALSA]
1370         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1372         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1374         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1376         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1378         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1380         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1382         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1384         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1385                         Format: <reverb>
1387         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1388                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1390         sonypi.*=       [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1391                         See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1393         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1394                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1396         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1397         spia_fio_base=
1398         spia_pedr=
1399         spia_peddr=
1401         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1402                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1404         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1405                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1407         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1408                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1410         sti=            [PARISC,HW]
1411                         Format: <num>
1412                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1413                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1414                         as the initial boot-console.
1415                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1417         sti_font=       [HW]
1418                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1420         stifb=          [HW]
1421                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1423         stram_swap=     [HW,M68k]
1425         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1427         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1429         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1430                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1432         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1433                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1435         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1437         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1438                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1440         time            Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1442         tipar.timeout=  [HW,PPT]
1443                         Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1444                         (default 15).
1446         tipar.delay=    [HW,PPT]
1447                         Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1449         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1450                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1452         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1453                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1454                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1456         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1458         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1459                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1461         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1462         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1464         turbografx.map[2|3]=
1465                         [HW,JOY] TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1466                         Format: <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1467                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1469         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1470                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1472         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1473                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1475         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1476                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1478         usb-handoff     [HW] Enable early USB BIOS -> OS handoff
1480         usbhid.mousepoll=
1481                         [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1483         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1484                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1486         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1487                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and Documentation/svga.txt.
1488                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1489                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1490                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1492         vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1493                         size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1494                         minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1495                         decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1496                         mapped kernel RAM.
1498         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1500         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390] 
1502         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1503                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1505         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1506                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1508         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1509                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1511         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1512                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1514         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1515         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1517         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1518                         Format: <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1522 Changelog:
1524         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1525         2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1527         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1528         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1529         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1530         reformatting.
1531         2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1532                         Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1534 TODO:
1536         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1537         Add more DRM drivers.