4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
34 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
35 APIC APIC support is enabled.
36 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
37 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
38 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
39 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
40 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
41 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
42 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
43 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
44 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
45 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
46 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
47 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
48 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
49 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
50 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
51 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
52 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
53 LP Printer support is enabled.
54 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
55 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
56 These options have more detailed description inside of
57 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
58 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
59 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
60 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
61 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
62 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
63 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
64 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
65 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
66 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
67 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
68 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
69 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
70 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
71 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
72 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
73 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
74 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
75 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
76 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
77 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
78 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
79 ROOTPLUG The example Root Plug LSM is enabled.
80 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
81 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
82 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
84 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
85 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
86 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
87 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
88 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
89 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
90 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
91 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
92 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
93 USB USB support is enabled.
94 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
95 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
96 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
97 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
98 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
99 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
100 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
101 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
102 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
103 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
105 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
107 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
108 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
109 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
111 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
112 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
113 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
114 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
116 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
117 See for example <Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
119 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
120 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
121 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
122 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
123 running once the system is up.
125 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
126 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
127 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
128 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
129 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
132 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86-64,i386]
133 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
134 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
135 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
136 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
137 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
138 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
139 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
140 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
142 See also Documentation/power/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
144 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
146 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
147 1,0: use 1st APIC table
150 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
151 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig, old_ordering }
152 See Documentation/power/video.txt for s3_bios and s3_mode.
153 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
154 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
155 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
156 used during resume from hibernation.
157 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
158 control method, wrt putting devices into low power
159 states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering of _PTS is
162 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
163 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
165 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
166 ACPI will balance active IRQs
169 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
170 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
173 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
175 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
177 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
178 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
180 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
182 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
183 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
185 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
186 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
187 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
188 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
190 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
192 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
193 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
194 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
195 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
196 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
197 that require a timer override, but don't have
200 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI]
202 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
203 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
204 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
205 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_layer.
206 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
207 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable debug output
208 for specific parts of the ACPI subsystem:
209 0x01 utilities 0x02 hardware 0x04 events 0x08 tables
210 0x10 namespace 0x20 parser 0x40 dispatcher
211 0x80 executer 0x100 resources 0x200 acpica debugger
212 0x400 os services 0x800 acpica disassembler.
213 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
214 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
215 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
217 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI]
219 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
220 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
221 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
222 via /sys/module/acpi/parameters/debug_level.
223 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled for this to produce any output.
224 Available bits (add the numbers together) to enable different
225 debug output levels of the ACPI subsystem:
226 0x01 error 0x02 warn 0x04 init 0x08 debug object
227 0x10 info 0x20 init names 0x40 parse 0x80 load
228 0x100 dispatch 0x200 execute 0x400 names 0x800 operation region
229 0x1000 bfield 0x2000 tables 0x4000 values 0x8000 objects
230 0x10000 resources 0x20000 user requests 0x40000 package.
231 The number can be in decimal or prefixed with 0x in hex.
232 Warning: Many of these options can produce a lot of
233 output and make your system unusable. Be very careful.
235 acpi_pm_good [X86-32,X86-64]
236 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
237 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
238 and always returns good values.
241 { off | try_unsupported }
242 off: disable AGP support
243 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
244 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
246 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
247 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
248 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
249 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
250 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
252 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
253 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
254 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
257 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
260 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
262 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
263 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
265 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
266 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
267 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
270 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
273 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
276 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
279 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
281 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-84]
282 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
284 isolate - enable device isolation (each device, as far
285 as possible, will get its own protection
287 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
288 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
289 flushed before they will be reused, which
292 amd_iommu_size= [HW,X86-64]
293 Define the size of the aperture for the AMD IOMMU
294 driver. Possible values are:
295 '32M', '64M' (default), '128M', '256M', '512M', '1G'
297 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
298 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
300 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
302 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
303 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
304 connected to one of 16 gameports
305 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
308 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
310 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
311 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
312 APC and your system crashes randomly.
314 apic= [APIC,i386] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
315 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
316 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
317 Change the amount of debugging information output
318 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
320 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
321 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
323 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
324 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
328 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
330 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
332 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
333 EzKey and similar keyboards
335 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
337 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
338 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
340 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
343 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
344 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
346 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
347 Use software keyboard repeat
351 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
354 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
356 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
358 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
359 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
360 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
361 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
363 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
364 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
365 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
366 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
368 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
369 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
373 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
375 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
376 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
378 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
379 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
382 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
383 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
385 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
387 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
388 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
389 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
390 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
391 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
392 This option provides an override for these situations.
394 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
395 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
396 security module asking for security registration will be
397 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
398 as if no module has been chosen.
401 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
402 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
403 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
404 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
406 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
407 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
409 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
410 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
411 {Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
413 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
414 Format: { "0" | "1" }
415 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
416 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
417 any implied execute protection).
418 1 -- check protection requested by application.
419 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
420 Value can be changed at runtime via
421 /selinux/checkreqprot.
424 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
426 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
428 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
429 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
430 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
431 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
433 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
435 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
436 with the name specified.
437 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
439 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
441 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
442 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
444 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc,vmi-timer;
445 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
453 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
454 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
455 include/asm-x86/cpufeature.h for the valid bit numbers.
456 Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
457 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
459 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
460 or using the feature without checking anything
461 will still see it. This just prevents it from
462 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
463 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
466 code_bytes [IA32/X86_64] How many bytes of object code to print
471 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
472 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force }
473 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
474 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
477 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
479 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
481 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
485 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
486 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
488 condev= [HW,S390] console device
491 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
493 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
497 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
498 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
499 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
500 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
501 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
503 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
505 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
508 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
509 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
510 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
511 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
512 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
513 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
515 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
516 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
518 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
520 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
521 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
522 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
523 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
524 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
525 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
528 [HW] Never suspend the console
529 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
530 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
531 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
532 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
533 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
534 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
535 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
537 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
539 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
541 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
542 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
543 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
545 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
546 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
547 in the running system. The syntax of range is
548 start-[end] where start and end are both
549 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
550 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for a example.
553 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
558 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
559 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
562 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
564 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
565 (one device per port)
566 Format: <port#>,<type>
567 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
569 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
572 [KNL] verbose self-tests
574 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
576 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
577 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
578 only useful to kernel developers.
580 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
582 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
584 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
585 Format: <area>[,<node>]
586 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
589 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
590 Change the default blue palette of the console.
591 This is a 16-member array composed of values
595 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
596 Change the default green palette of the console.
597 This is a 16-member array composed of values
601 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
602 Change the default red palette of the console.
603 This is a 16-member array composed of values
609 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
610 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
611 newly opened terminals.
614 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
617 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
619 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
620 See drivers/char/README.epca and
621 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
623 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
624 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
625 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
626 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
627 entry later. This parameter enables/disables that.
629 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
630 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continous chunk
631 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
633 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
634 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
636 Large value could prevent small alignment from
639 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
641 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
643 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
644 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
646 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
647 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
648 memory out of your available memory pool based on
649 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
650 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
652 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
658 earlyprintk= [X86-32,X86-64,SH,BLACKFIN]
660 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
663 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
666 Only vga or serial or usb debug port at a time.
668 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
670 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
673 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
679 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
681 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
682 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
685 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
686 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
689 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
690 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
691 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
693 elfcorehdr= [X86-32, X86_64]
694 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
695 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
696 pass this option to capture kernel.
697 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
699 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
701 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
702 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
703 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
705 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
708 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
709 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
711 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
712 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
713 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
715 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
720 fail_make_request=[KNL]
721 General fault injection mechanism.
722 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
723 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
726 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
729 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
732 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
734 force_pal_cache_flush
735 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
736 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
737 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
738 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
741 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
742 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
743 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
744 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
748 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
753 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
755 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
756 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
760 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
761 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
762 for IA-64, off otherwise.
763 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
765 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
767 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
768 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
770 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
771 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
772 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
773 size on bigger boxes.
775 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
776 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
780 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
782 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
783 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
784 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
785 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
786 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
787 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
788 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
789 Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
790 using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
792 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
793 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
794 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
795 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
796 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
799 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
800 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
801 keyboard and cannot control its state
802 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
803 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
804 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
805 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
807 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
809 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
812 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
813 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
814 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
815 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
819 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
820 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
822 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
823 does not match list of supported models.
825 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
826 (disabled by default)
827 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
830 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
831 See Documentation/mca.txt.
834 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
836 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
837 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler
838 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
840 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
841 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
844 Format: idle=poll or idle=mwait, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
845 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly improves the performance
846 of waking up a idle CPU, but will use a lot of power and make the system
847 run hot. Not recommended.
848 idle=mwait. On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but the kernel chose
849 to not use it because it doesn't save as much power as a normal idle
850 loop use the MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be the same
852 idle=halt. Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
853 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
854 idle=nomwait. Disable mwait for CPU C-states
856 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
857 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
859 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
860 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
861 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
864 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
867 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
871 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
874 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
875 for working out where the kernel is dying during
878 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
880 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
898 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
900 Disable intel iommu driver.
901 igfx_off [Default Off]
902 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
903 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
904 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
905 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
908 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
909 for io virtual address below 32 bit forcing dual
910 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
911 than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look
912 for translation below 32 bit and if not available
913 then look in the higher range.
915 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
916 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
917 to batching them for performance.
919 io_delay= [X86-32,X86-64] I/O delay method
921 Standard port 0x80 based delay
923 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
925 Simple two microseconds delay
929 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
930 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
931 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
934 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
936 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
937 See comment before ip2_setup() in
938 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
940 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
941 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
943 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
945 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
947 Format: <port>,<port>....
950 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
951 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
955 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
956 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
957 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
961 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
963 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
965 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
967 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
969 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
970 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
971 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
972 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
973 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
974 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
975 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
977 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
978 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
979 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
980 suboptimal load balancer performance.
984 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
985 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
987 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86-32,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] This parameter
988 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
989 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
990 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
991 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
992 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
993 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
994 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
995 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
996 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
997 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
998 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
999 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1000 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1001 zone if it does not.
1003 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86-32,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] This parameter
1004 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
1005 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
1006 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
1007 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
1008 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
1009 is specified, the administrator must be careful
1010 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
1015 kstack=N [X86-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
1018 kgdboc= [HW] kgdb over consoles.
1019 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling.
1020 (only serial suported for now)
1021 Format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1023 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1024 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1025 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1031 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
1034 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86-32,x86-64,APIC] trust the local apic timer in
1037 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1038 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1039 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1040 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
1041 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
1042 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1043 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
1045 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1049 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1050 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
1051 PORT[:DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
1052 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1053 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1054 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1055 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1056 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1058 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1059 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1060 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1061 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1062 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1063 host link and device attached to it.
1065 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1066 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1067 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1068 The following configurations can be forced.
1070 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1071 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1073 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1075 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1076 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1079 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1081 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
1084 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1085 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1087 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
1088 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1090 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1093 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1096 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1099 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1102 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
1105 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
1106 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
1107 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
1108 loglevels are defined as follows:
1110 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
1111 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
1112 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
1113 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
1114 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
1115 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
1116 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
1117 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
1119 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
1120 Format: { n | nk | nM }
1121 n must be a power of two. The default size
1122 is set in the kernel config file.
1124 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
1125 This may be used to provide more screen space for
1126 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
1127 kernel boot problems.
1129 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
1130 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
1131 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
1132 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
1133 specified in addition to the ports) causes
1134 attached printers to be reset. Using
1135 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
1136 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1137 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1138 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1139 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1140 port specification list means that device IDs
1141 from each port should be examined, to see if
1142 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1143 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1144 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1147 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1148 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1149 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1150 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1151 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1152 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1153 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1154 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1155 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1156 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1157 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1161 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1163 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
1164 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
1166 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
1167 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1168 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
1170 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
1174 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1175 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1176 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1177 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1180 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
1181 equal to this physical address is ignored.
1183 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
1184 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
1187 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
1188 Should be between 1 and 16384.
1192 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1194 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt
1196 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1197 See Documentation/md.txt.
1200 Format: <first>,<last>
1201 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
1203 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1204 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1205 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1206 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1207 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1208 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1210 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1213 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
1214 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1215 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1216 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1219 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1220 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1221 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1223 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1224 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1225 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1227 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1228 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1229 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1230 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
1231 memmap=64K$0x18690000
1233 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
1235 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
1236 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
1237 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
1238 Setting this option will scan the memory
1239 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
1240 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
1241 from using the memory being corrupted.
1242 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
1243 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
1244 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
1245 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
1247 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
1248 By default it checks for corruption in the low
1249 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
1250 use. Use this parameter to scan for
1251 corruption in more or less memory.
1253 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
1254 By default it checks for corruption every 60
1255 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
1256 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
1258 memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest
1260 range: 0,4 : pattern number
1261 default : 0 <disable>
1263 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1264 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1266 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1267 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1270 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1271 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1272 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1273 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1278 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
1279 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
1280 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
1281 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
1282 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
1283 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
1286 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1287 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1288 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1289 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1291 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1292 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1293 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1294 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1299 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1300 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1302 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1303 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1306 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1309 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
1311 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
1313 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1314 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1315 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1317 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1320 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1324 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1326 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1328 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1330 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1332 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1333 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1334 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1335 something different and driver-specific.
1336 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1340 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
1341 0 to disable accounting
1342 1 to enable accounting
1343 Default value depends on CONFIG_NF_CT_ACCT that is
1344 going to be removed in 2.6.29.
1347 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1349 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1350 See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt.
1352 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1353 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1354 channel should listen.
1356 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1357 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1361 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1362 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1363 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1364 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1365 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1367 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32] Specify one or more actions to take
1368 when a NMI is triggered.
1369 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1371 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1373 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1374 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1377 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1378 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1379 but will impact performance.
1383 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1384 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1386 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1387 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1391 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1393 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1395 noefi [X86-32,X86-64] Disable EFI runtime services support.
1399 noexec [X86-32,X86-64]
1400 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
1401 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1402 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
1405 This affects only 32-bit executables.
1406 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1407 read doesn't imply executable mappings
1408 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
1409 read implies executable mappings
1411 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1412 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1413 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1415 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1419 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1420 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1423 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1424 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1425 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1426 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1427 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1430 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1431 Valid arguments: on, off
1434 noirqbalance [X86-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
1436 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1437 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1439 no_timer_check [X86-32,X86_64,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1440 broken timer IRQ sources.
1442 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1444 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1449 nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1451 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1453 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1455 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
1457 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
1458 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
1461 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1462 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1464 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1466 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1468 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1469 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1471 noreplace-paravirt [X86-32,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1473 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1474 with UP alternatives
1476 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1478 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1481 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1482 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1483 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1487 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1489 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1490 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1492 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1494 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1496 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1498 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1502 nptcg= [IA64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
1503 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
1506 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1507 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1508 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1509 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1511 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1513 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
1514 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
1515 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
1516 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
1517 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
1518 interrupts *may* be lost!
1523 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1524 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1526 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1527 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1528 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1530 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1533 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1534 connected to, default is 0.
1536 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1537 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1540 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1541 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1542 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1543 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1544 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1545 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1546 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1547 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1548 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1549 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1550 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1551 are specified on the command line, starting
1554 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1555 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1556 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1557 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1558 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1559 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1560 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1562 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1563 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1566 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1569 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1570 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1571 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1576 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1577 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1579 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1580 off [X86-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1581 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1582 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1583 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1584 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1585 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1586 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1587 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1588 conf1 [X86-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1590 conf2 [X86-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1592 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
1593 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1594 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
1595 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
1596 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
1597 nommconf [X86-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1599 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1600 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1601 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1602 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1603 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1604 on several machines and they hang the machine
1605 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1606 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1607 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1608 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1610 rom [X86-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1611 Use with caution as certain devices share
1612 address decoders between ROMs and other
1614 norom [X86-32,X86_64] Do not assign address space to
1615 expansion ROMs that do not already have
1616 BIOS assigned address ranges.
1617 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1618 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1619 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1621 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86-32] Specify the physical address
1622 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1623 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1624 F0000h-100000h range.
1625 lastbus=N [X86-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1626 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1627 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1628 explicitly which ones they are.
1629 assign-busses [X86-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1630 numbers ourselves, overriding
1631 whatever the firmware may have done.
1632 usepirqmask [X86-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1633 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1634 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1635 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1636 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1637 IRQ routing is enabled.
1638 noacpi [X86-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1639 or for PCI scanning.
1640 use_crs [X86-32] Use _CRS for PCI resource
1642 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1643 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1644 so this option is a temporary workaround
1645 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1646 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
1647 handle more pci cards
1648 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1649 just use the configuration from the
1650 bootloader. This is currently used on
1651 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1652 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1653 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1654 This might help on some broken boards which
1655 machine check when some devices' config space
1656 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1657 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1658 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1659 This sorting is done to get a device
1660 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1661 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1662 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1663 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1664 The default value is 256 bytes.
1665 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1666 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1667 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1669 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1672 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1674 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1677 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1680 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1683 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1685 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1686 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1688 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1689 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1690 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1692 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
1693 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
1700 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1703 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1706 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1708 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1709 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1712 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1714 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1716 print-fatal-signals=
1717 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
1718 print-fatal-signals=1: print segfault info to
1722 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1723 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
1725 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1726 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1727 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1728 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1729 statistical time based profiling.
1730 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
1731 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
1732 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
1734 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1735 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1736 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1738 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1739 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1740 instead using the legacy FADT method
1742 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1744 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1746 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1747 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1748 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1750 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1751 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1754 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1755 psmouse.smartscroll=
1756 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1757 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1759 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1761 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1764 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1767 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
1770 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1775 See Documentation/md.txt.
1777 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1778 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1780 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1781 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1783 rcupdate.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
1784 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
1787 rcupdate.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
1788 Set threshold of queued
1789 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1791 rcupdate.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
1792 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
1793 batch limiting is re-enabled.
1797 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1798 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1800 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1801 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1802 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1805 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
1806 See Documentation/cpusets.txt.
1808 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1810 reservetop= [X86-32]
1812 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1815 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1816 during initialization.
1819 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1821 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1822 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1823 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1824 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1825 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1827 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
1829 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1830 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1832 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1833 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1835 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1837 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1839 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1840 mount the root filesystem
1842 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1844 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1846 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
1847 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
1848 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
1850 root_plug.vendor_id=
1851 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default vendor ID
1853 root_plug.product_id=
1854 [ROOTPLUG] Override the default product ID
1857 [ROOTPLUG] Enable debugging output
1859 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1861 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1864 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1866 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1868 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1869 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1871 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1872 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1874 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1875 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1878 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1879 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1880 (flags are integer value)
1882 scsi_logging_level= [SCSI] a bit mask of logging levels
1883 See drivers/scsi/scsi_logging.h for bits. Also
1884 settable via sysctl at dev.scsi.logging_level
1885 (/proc/sys/dev/scsi/logging_level).
1886 There is also a nice 'scsi_logging_level' script in the
1887 S390-tools package, available for download at
1888 http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/linux390/s390-tools-1.5.4.html
1890 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1891 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1892 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1893 user space to do the scan.
1895 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1896 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1897 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1900 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1901 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1902 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1904 selinux_compat_net =
1905 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1906 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1907 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1908 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1909 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1910 Value can be changed at runtime via
1911 /selinux/compat_net.
1913 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
1916 Maximal number of shapers.
1918 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
1919 Format: { <integer> }
1920 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
1921 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
1922 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
1925 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1932 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
1933 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
1934 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
1935 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
1936 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
1937 last alloc / free. For more information see
1938 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1940 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
1941 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
1942 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
1943 fragmentation. For more information see
1944 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1946 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
1947 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
1948 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
1949 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
1950 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
1951 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
1952 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
1953 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1955 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
1956 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
1957 lower than slub_max_order.
1958 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1960 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
1961 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
1962 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
1963 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
1964 merging on their own.
1965 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
1968 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1970 smp-alt-once [X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
1971 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
1973 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
1974 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
1975 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
1976 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
1977 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
1978 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
1979 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
1980 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
1981 1: Fast pin select (default)
1984 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1986 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1988 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1990 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1992 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1994 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1996 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1998 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
2000 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
2002 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
2004 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
2006 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
2008 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
2010 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
2012 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
2014 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
2016 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
2018 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
2020 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
2022 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
2024 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
2026 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
2028 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
2030 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
2032 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
2034 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
2036 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
2040 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
2042 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
2044 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
2049 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
2051 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
2053 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
2055 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
2057 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
2059 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
2067 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
2071 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
2073 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
2075 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
2081 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
2083 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
2085 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
2087 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
2092 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
2094 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
2096 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
2098 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
2100 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
2102 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
2104 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
2107 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
2109 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
2110 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
2112 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
2113 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
2115 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
2121 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2123 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
2124 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
2128 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
2129 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
2130 as the initial boot-console.
2131 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2134 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2137 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
2141 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
2142 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
2143 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
2144 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
2145 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
2146 NFS server is running.
2148 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
2149 automatically using heuristics
2150 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
2151 percpu one pool for each CPU
2152 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
2153 to global on non-NUMA machines)
2155 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
2159 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
2160 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
2162 sysrq_always_enabled
2164 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
2165 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
2166 Useful for debugging.
2169 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
2173 test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
2174 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
2175 standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
2176 enter during system startup. The system is woken from
2177 this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
2179 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2180 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
2182 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
2183 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
2184 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
2186 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
2187 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
2188 <degrees C>: lower all critical trip points
2190 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
2191 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
2192 critical and hot trip points.
2194 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
2195 1: disable ACPI thermal control
2197 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
2198 -1: disable all passive trip points
2199 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this value
2201 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
2202 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
2203 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
2204 0: no polling (default)
2207 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
2208 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
2212 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
2214 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
2216 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
2217 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
2219 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
2220 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
2222 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
2223 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
2232 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2233 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2234 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2235 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2236 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2241 Set unknown_nmi_panic=1 early on boot.
2243 usbcore.autosuspend=
2244 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2245 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2246 is the time required before an idle device will be
2247 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
2248 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
2251 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
2253 add_efi_memmap [EFI; x86-32,X86-64] Include EFI memory map in
2254 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
2256 vdso= [X86-32,SH,x86-64]
2257 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2258 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2259 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2261 vdso32= [X86-32,X86-64]
2262 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2263 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
2264 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
2267 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
2269 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
2270 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
2272 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
2273 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
2274 Documentation/svga.txt.
2275 Use vga=ask for menu.
2276 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
2277 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
2279 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
2280 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
2281 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
2282 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
2285 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
2288 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
2291 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
2294 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
2295 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
2298 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
2301 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
2304 See Documentation/watchdog/wdt.txt.
2306 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
2307 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
2309 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
2311 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
2313 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
2314 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
2316 ______________________________________________________________________
2320 Add documentation for ALSA options.
2321 Add more DRM drivers.