4 * We call the USB code inside a Linux-based peripheral device a "gadget"
5 * driver, except for the hardware-specific bus glue. One USB host can
6 * master many USB gadgets, but the gadgets are only slaved to one host.
9 * (c) Copyright 2002-2003 by David Brownell
10 * All Rights Reserved.
12 * This software is licensed under the GNU GPL version 2.
15 #ifndef __LINUX_USB_GADGET_H
16 #define __LINUX_USB_GADGET_H
23 * struct usb_request - describes one i/o request
24 * @buf: Buffer used for data. Always provide this; some controllers
25 * only use PIO, or don't use DMA for some endpoints.
26 * @dma: DMA address corresponding to 'buf'. If you don't set this
27 * field, and the usb controller needs one, it is responsible
28 * for mapping and unmapping the buffer.
29 * @length: Length of that data
30 * @no_interrupt: If true, hints that no completion irq is needed.
31 * Helpful sometimes with deep request queues.
32 * @zero: If true, when writing data, makes the last packet be "short"
33 * by adding a zero length packet as needed;
34 * @short_not_ok: When reading data, makes short packets be
35 * treated as errors (queue stops advancing till cleanup).
36 * @complete: Function called when request completes
37 * @context: For use by the completion callback
38 * @list: For use by the gadget driver.
39 * @status: Reports completion code, zero or a negative errno.
40 * Normally, faults block the transfer queue from advancing until
41 * the completion callback returns.
42 * Code "-ESHUTDOWN" indicates completion caused by device disconnect,
43 * or when the driver disabled the endpoint.
44 * @actual: Reports actual bytes transferred. For reads (OUT
45 * transfers) this may be less than the requested length. If the
46 * short_not_ok flag is set, short reads are treated as errors
47 * even when status otherwise indicates successful completion.
48 * Note that for writes (IN transfers) the data bytes may still
49 * reside in a device-side FIFO.
51 * These are allocated/freed through the endpoint they're used with. The
52 * hardware's driver can add extra per-request data to the memory it returns,
53 * which often avoids separate memory allocations (potential failures),
54 * later when the request is queued.
56 * Request flags affect request handling, such as whether a zero length
57 * packet is written (the "zero" flag), whether a short read should be
58 * treated as an error (blocking request queue advance, the "short_not_ok"
59 * flag), or hinting that an interrupt is not required (the "no_interrupt"
60 * flag, for use with deep request queues).
62 * Bulk endpoints can use any size buffers, and can also be used for interrupt
63 * transfers. interrupt-only endpoints can be much less functional.
65 // NOTE this is analagous to 'struct urb' on the host side,
66 // except that it's thinner and promotes more pre-allocation.
68 // ISSUE should this be allocated through the device?
75 unsigned no_interrupt
: 1,
79 void (*complete
)(struct usb_ep
*ep
,
80 struct usb_request
*req
);
82 struct list_head list
;
88 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
90 /* endpoint-specific parts of the api to the usb controller hardware.
91 * unlike the urb model, (de)multiplexing layers are not required.
92 * (so this api could slash overhead if used on the host side...)
94 * note that device side usb controllers commonly differ in how many
95 * endpoints they support, as well as their capabilities.
98 int (*enable
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
,
99 const struct usb_endpoint_descriptor
*desc
);
100 int (*disable
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
);
102 struct usb_request
*(*alloc_request
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
,
104 void (*free_request
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
, struct usb_request
*req
);
106 void *(*alloc_buffer
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
, unsigned bytes
,
107 dma_addr_t
*dma
, int gfp_flags
);
108 void (*free_buffer
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
, void *buf
, dma_addr_t dma
,
110 // NOTE: on 2.5, drivers may also use dma_map() and
111 // dma_sync_single() to manage dma overhead.
113 int (*queue
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
, struct usb_request
*req
,
115 int (*dequeue
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
, struct usb_request
*req
);
117 int (*set_halt
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
, int value
);
118 int (*fifo_status
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
);
119 void (*fifo_flush
) (struct usb_ep
*ep
);
123 * struct usb_ep - device side representation of USB endpoint
124 * @name:identifier for the endpoint, such as "ep-a" or "ep9in-bulk"
125 * @ep_list:the gadget's ep_list holds all of its endpoints
126 * @maxpacket:the maximum packet size used on this endpoint, as
127 * configured when the endpoint was enabled.
128 * @driver_data:for use by the gadget driver. all other fields are
129 * read-only to gadget drivers.
131 * the bus controller driver lists all the general purpose endpoints in
132 * gadget->ep_list. the control endpoint (gadget->ep0) is not in that list,
133 * and is accessed only in response to a driver setup() callback.
139 const struct usb_ep_ops
*ops
;
140 struct list_head ep_list
;
141 unsigned maxpacket
: 16;
144 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
147 * usb_ep_enable - configure endpoint, making it usable
148 * @ep:the endpoint being configured. may not be the endpoint named "ep0".
149 * drivers discover endpoints through the ep_list of a usb_gadget.
150 * @desc:descriptor for desired behavior. caller guarantees this pointer
151 * remains valid until the endpoint is disabled; the data byte order
152 * is little-endian (usb-standard).
154 * when configurations are set, or when interface settings change, the driver
155 * will enable or disable the relevant endpoints. while it is enabled, an
156 * endpoint may be used for i/o until the driver receives a disconnect() from
157 * the host or until the endpoint is disabled.
159 * the ep0 implementation (which calls this routine) must ensure that the
160 * hardware capabilities of each endpoint match the descriptor provided
161 * for it. for example, an endpoint named "ep2in-bulk" would be usable
162 * for interrupt transfers as well as bulk, but it likely couldn't be used
163 * for iso transfers or for endpoint 14. some endpoints are fully
164 * configurable, with more generic names like "ep-a". (remember that for
165 * USB, "in" means "towards the USB master".)
167 * returns zero, or a negative error code.
170 usb_ep_enable (struct usb_ep
*ep
, const struct usb_endpoint_descriptor
*desc
)
172 return ep
->ops
->enable (ep
, desc
);
176 * usb_ep_disable - endpoint is no longer usable
177 * @ep:the endpoint being unconfigured. may not be the endpoint named "ep0".
179 * no other task may be using this endpoint when this is called.
180 * any pending and uncompleted requests will complete with status
181 * indicating disconnect (-ESHUTDOWN) before this call returns.
182 * gadget drivers must call usb_ep_enable() again before queueing
183 * requests to the endpoint.
185 * returns zero, or a negative error code.
188 usb_ep_disable (struct usb_ep
*ep
)
190 return ep
->ops
->disable (ep
);
194 * usb_ep_alloc_request - allocate a request object to use with this endpoint
195 * @ep:the endpoint to be used with with the request
196 * @gfp_flags:GFP_* flags to use
198 * Request objects must be allocated with this call, since they normally
199 * need controller-specific setup and may even need endpoint-specific
200 * resources such as allocation of DMA descriptors.
201 * Requests may be submitted with usb_ep_queue(), and receive a single
202 * completion callback. Free requests with usb_ep_free_request(), when
203 * they are no longer needed.
205 * Returns the request, or null if one could not be allocated.
207 static inline struct usb_request
*
208 usb_ep_alloc_request (struct usb_ep
*ep
, int gfp_flags
)
210 return ep
->ops
->alloc_request (ep
, gfp_flags
);
214 * usb_ep_free_request - frees a request object
215 * @ep:the endpoint associated with the request
216 * @req:the request being freed
218 * Reverses the effect of usb_ep_alloc_request().
219 * Caller guarantees the request is not queued, and that it will
220 * no longer be requeued (or otherwise used).
223 usb_ep_free_request (struct usb_ep
*ep
, struct usb_request
*req
)
225 ep
->ops
->free_request (ep
, req
);
229 * usb_ep_alloc_buffer - allocate an I/O buffer
230 * @ep:the endpoint associated with the buffer
231 * @len:length of the desired buffer
232 * @dma:pointer to the buffer's DMA address; must be valid
233 * @gfp_flags:GFP_* flags to use
235 * Returns a new buffer, or null if one could not be allocated.
236 * The buffer is suitably aligned for dma, if that endpoint uses DMA,
237 * and the caller won't have to care about dma-inconsistency
238 * or any hidden "bounce buffer" mechanism. No additional per-request
239 * DMA mapping will be required for such buffers.
240 * Free it later with usb_ep_free_buffer().
242 * You don't need to use this call to allocate I/O buffers unless you
243 * want to make sure drivers don't incur costs for such "bounce buffer"
244 * copies or per-request DMA mappings.
247 usb_ep_alloc_buffer (struct usb_ep
*ep
, unsigned len
, dma_addr_t
*dma
,
250 return ep
->ops
->alloc_buffer (ep
, len
, dma
, gfp_flags
);
254 * usb_ep_free_buffer - frees an i/o buffer
255 * @ep:the endpoint associated with the buffer
256 * @buf:CPU view address of the buffer
257 * @dma:the buffer's DMA address
258 * @len:length of the buffer
260 * reverses the effect of usb_ep_alloc_buffer().
261 * caller guarantees the buffer will no longer be accessed
264 usb_ep_free_buffer (struct usb_ep
*ep
, void *buf
, dma_addr_t dma
, unsigned len
)
266 ep
->ops
->free_buffer (ep
, buf
, dma
, len
);
270 * usb_ep_queue - queues (submits) an I/O request to an endpoint.
271 * @ep:the endpoint associated with the request
272 * @req:the request being submitted
273 * @gfp_flags: GFP_* flags to use in case the lower level driver couldn't
274 * pre-allocate all necessary memory with the request.
276 * This tells the device controller to perform the specified request through
277 * that endpoint (reading or writing a buffer). When the request completes,
278 * including being canceled by usb_ep_dequeue(), the request's completion
279 * routine is called to return the request to the driver. Any endpoint
280 * (except control endpoints like ep0) may have more than one transfer
281 * request queued; they complete in FIFO order. Once a gadget driver
282 * submits a request, that request may not be examined or modified until it
283 * is given back to that driver through the completion callback.
285 * Each request is turned into one or more packets. The controller driver
286 * never merges adjacent requests into the same packet. OUT transfers
287 * will sometimes use data that's already buffered in the hardware.
289 * Bulk endpoints can queue any amount of data; the transfer is packetized
290 * automatically. The last packet will be short if the request doesn't fill it
291 * out completely. Zero length packets (ZLPs) should be avoided in portable
292 * protocols since not all usb hardware can successfully handle zero length
293 * packets. (ZLPs may be explicitly written, and may be implicitly written if
294 * the request 'zero' flag is set.) Bulk endpoints may also be used
295 * for interrupt transfers; but the reverse is not true, and some endpoints
296 * won't support every interrupt transfer. (Such as 768 byte packets.)
298 * Interrupt-only endpoints are less functional than bulk endpoints, for
299 * example by not supporting queueing or not handling buffers that are
300 * larger than the endpoint's maxpacket size. They may also treat data
301 * toggle differently.
303 * Control endpoints ... after getting a setup() callback, the driver queues
304 * one response (optional if it would be zero length). That enables the
305 * status ack, after transfering data as specified in the response. Setup
306 * functions may return negative error codes to generate protocol stalls.
308 * For periodic endpoints, like interrupt or isochronous ones, the usb host
309 * arranges to poll once per interval, and the gadget driver usually will
310 * have queued some data to transfer at that time.
312 * Returns zero, or a negative error code. Endpoints that are not enabled,
313 * or which are enabled but halted, report errors; errors will also be
314 * reported when the usb peripheral is disconnected.
317 usb_ep_queue (struct usb_ep
*ep
, struct usb_request
*req
, int gfp_flags
)
319 return ep
->ops
->queue (ep
, req
, gfp_flags
);
323 * usb_ep_dequeue - dequeues (cancels, unlinks) an I/O request from an endpoint
324 * @ep:the endpoint associated with the request
325 * @req:the request being canceled
327 * if the request is still active on the endpoint, it is dequeued and its
328 * completion routine is called (with status -ECONNRESET); else a negative
329 * error code is returned.
331 * note that some hardware can't clear out write fifos (to unlink the request
332 * at the head of the queue) except as part of disconnecting from usb. such
333 * restrictions prevent drivers from supporting configuration changes,
334 * even to configuration zero (a "chapter 9" requirement).
336 static inline int usb_ep_dequeue (struct usb_ep
*ep
, struct usb_request
*req
)
338 return ep
->ops
->dequeue (ep
, req
);
342 * usb_ep_set_halt - sets the endpoint halt feature.
343 * @ep: the non-isochronous endpoint being stalled
345 * Use this to stall an endpoint, perhaps as an error report.
346 * Except for control endpoints,
347 * the endpoint stays halted (will not stream any data) until the host
348 * clears this feature; drivers may need to empty the endpoint's request
349 * queue first, to make sure no inappropriate transfers happen.
351 * Returns zero, or a negative error code. On success, this call sets
352 * underlying hardware state that blocks data transfers.
355 usb_ep_set_halt (struct usb_ep
*ep
)
357 return ep
->ops
->set_halt (ep
, 1);
361 * usb_ep_clear_halt - clears endpoint halt, and resets toggle
362 * @ep:the bulk or interrupt endpoint being reset
364 * use this when responding to the standard usb "set interface" request,
365 * for endpoints that aren't reconfigured, after clearing any other state
366 * in the endpoint's i/o queue.
368 * returns zero, or a negative error code. on success, this call clears
369 * the underlying hardware state reflecting endpoint halt and data toggle.
372 usb_ep_clear_halt (struct usb_ep
*ep
)
374 return ep
->ops
->set_halt (ep
, 0);
378 * usb_ep_fifo_status - returns number of bytes in fifo, or error
379 * @ep: the endpoint whose fifo status is being checked.
381 * FIFO endpoints may have "unclaimed data" in them in certain cases,
382 * such as after aborted transfers. Hosts may not have collected all
383 * the IN data written by the gadget driver, as reported by a request
384 * completion. The gadget driver may not have collected all the data
385 * written OUT to it by the host. Drivers that need precise handling for
386 * fault reporting or recovery may need to use this call.
388 * This returns the number of such bytes in the fifo, or a negative
389 * errno if the endpoint doesn't use a FIFO or doesn't support such
393 usb_ep_fifo_status (struct usb_ep
*ep
)
395 if (ep
->ops
->fifo_status
)
396 return ep
->ops
->fifo_status (ep
);
402 * usb_ep_fifo_flush - flushes contents of a fifo
403 * @ep: the endpoint whose fifo is being flushed.
405 * This call may be used to flush the "unclaimed data" that may exist in
406 * an endpoint fifo after abnormal transaction terminations. The call
407 * must never be used except when endpoint is not being used for any
408 * protocol translation.
411 usb_ep_fifo_flush (struct usb_ep
*ep
)
413 if (ep
->ops
->fifo_flush
)
414 ep
->ops
->fifo_flush (ep
);
418 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
422 /* the rest of the api to the controller hardware: device operations,
423 * which don't involve endpoints (or i/o).
425 struct usb_gadget_ops
{
426 int (*get_frame
)(struct usb_gadget
*);
427 int (*wakeup
)(struct usb_gadget
*);
428 int (*set_selfpowered
) (struct usb_gadget
*, int value
);
429 int (*ioctl
)(struct usb_gadget
*,
430 unsigned code
, unsigned long param
);
434 * struct usb_gadget - represents a usb slave device
435 * @ep0: Endpoint zero, used when reading or writing responses to
436 * driver setup() requests
437 * @ep_list: List of other endpoints supported by the device.
438 * @speed: Speed of current connection to USB host.
439 * @name: Identifies the controller hardware type. Used in diagnostics
440 * and sometimes configuration.
442 * Gadgets have a mostly-portable "gadget driver" implementing device
443 * functions, handling all usb configurations and interfaces. They
444 * also have a hardware-specific driver (accessed through ops vectors),
445 * which insulates the gadget driver from hardware details and packages
446 * the hardware endpoints through generic i/o queues.
448 * Except for the driver data, all fields in this structure are
449 * read-only to the gadget driver. That driver data is part of the
450 * "driver model" infrastructure in 2.5 (and later) kernels, and for
451 * earlier systems is grouped in a similar structure that's not known
452 * to the rest of the kernel.
455 /* readonly to gadget driver */
456 const struct usb_gadget_ops
*ops
;
458 struct list_head ep_list
; /* of usb_ep */
459 enum usb_device_speed speed
;
462 /* use this to allocate dma-coherent buffers or set up
463 * dma mappings. or print diagnostics, etc.
468 static inline void set_gadget_data (struct usb_gadget
*gadget
, void *data
)
469 { dev_set_drvdata (&gadget
->dev
, data
); }
470 static inline void *get_gadget_data (struct usb_gadget
*gadget
)
471 { return dev_get_drvdata (&gadget
->dev
); }
473 /* iterates the non-control endpoints; 'tmp' is a struct usb_ep pointer */
474 #define gadget_for_each_ep(tmp,gadget) \
475 list_for_each_entry(tmp, &(gadget)->ep_list, ep_list)
479 * usb_gadget_frame_number - returns the current frame number
480 * @gadget: controller that reports the frame number
482 * Returns the usb frame number, normally eleven bits from a SOF packet,
483 * or negative errno if this device doesn't support this capability.
485 static inline int usb_gadget_frame_number (struct usb_gadget
*gadget
)
487 return gadget
->ops
->get_frame (gadget
);
491 * usb_gadget_wakeup - tries to wake up the host connected to this gadget
492 * @gadget: controller used to wake up the host
494 * Returns zero on success, else negative error code if the hardware
495 * doesn't support such attempts, or its support has not been enabled
496 * by the usb host. Drivers must return device descriptors that report
497 * their ability to support this, or hosts won't enable it.
499 static inline int usb_gadget_wakeup (struct usb_gadget
*gadget
)
501 if (!gadget
->ops
->wakeup
)
503 return gadget
->ops
->wakeup (gadget
);
507 * usb_gadget_set_selfpowered - sets the device selfpowered feature.
508 * @gadget:the device being declared as self-powered
510 * this affects the device status reported by the hardware driver
511 * to reflect that it now has a local power supply.
513 * returns zero on success, else negative errno.
516 usb_gadget_set_selfpowered (struct usb_gadget
*gadget
)
518 if (!gadget
->ops
->set_selfpowered
)
520 return gadget
->ops
->set_selfpowered (gadget
, 1);
524 * usb_gadget_clear_selfpowered - clear the device selfpowered feature.
525 * @gadget:the device being declared as bus-powered
527 * this affects the device status reported by the hardware driver.
528 * some hardware may not support bus-powered operation, in which
529 * case this feature's value can never change.
531 * returns zero on success, else negative errno.
534 usb_gadget_clear_selfpowered (struct usb_gadget
*gadget
)
536 if (!gadget
->ops
->set_selfpowered
)
538 return gadget
->ops
->set_selfpowered (gadget
, 0);
542 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
545 * struct usb_gadget_driver - driver for usb 'slave' devices
546 * @function: String describing the gadget's function
547 * @speed: Highest speed the driver handles.
548 * @bind: Invoked when the driver is bound to a gadget, usually
549 * after registering the driver.
550 * At that point, ep0 is fully initialized, and ep_list holds
551 * the currently-available endpoints.
552 * Called in a context that permits sleeping.
553 * @setup: Invoked for ep0 control requests that aren't handled by
554 * the hardware level driver. Most calls must be handled by
555 * the gadget driver, including descriptor and configuration
556 * management. The 16 bit members of the setup data are in
557 * cpu order. Called in_interrupt; this may not sleep. Driver
558 * queues a response to ep0, or returns negative to stall.
559 * @disconnect: Invoked after all transfers have been stopped,
560 * when the host is disconnected. May be called in_interrupt; this
562 * @unbind: Invoked when the driver is unbound from a gadget,
563 * usually from rmmod (after a disconnect is reported).
564 * Called in a context that permits sleeping.
565 * @suspend: Invoked on USB suspend. May be called in_interrupt.
566 * @resume: Invoked on USB resume. May be called in_interrupt.
568 * Devices are disabled till a gadget driver successfully bind()s, which
569 * means the driver will handle setup() requests needed to enumerate (and
570 * meet "chapter 9" requirements) then do some useful work.
572 * Drivers use hardware-specific knowledge to configure the usb hardware.
573 * endpoint addressing is only one of several hardware characteristics that
574 * are in descriptors the ep0 implementation returns from setup() calls.
576 * Except for ep0 implementation, most driver code shouldn't need change to
577 * run on top of different usb controllers. It'll use endpoints set up by
578 * that ep0 implementation.
580 * The usb controller driver handles a few standard usb requests. Those
581 * include set_address, and feature flags for devices, interfaces, and
582 * endpoints (the get_status, set_feature, and clear_feature requests).
584 * Accordingly, the driver's setup() callback must always implement all
585 * get_descriptor requests, returning at least a device descriptor and
586 * a configuration descriptor. Drivers must make sure the endpoint
587 * descriptors match any hardware constraints. Some hardware also constrains
588 * other descriptors. (The pxa250 allows only configurations 1, 2, or 3).
590 * The driver's setup() callback must also implement set_configuration,
591 * and should also implement set_interface, get_configuration, and
592 * get_interface. Setting a configuration (or interface) is where
593 * endpoints should be activated or (config 0) shut down.
595 * (Note that only the default control endpoint is supported. Neither
596 * hosts nor devices generally support control traffic except to ep0.)
598 * Most devices will ignore USB suspend/resume operations, and so will
599 * not provide those callbacks. However, some may need to change modes
600 * when the host is not longer directing those activities. For example,
601 * local controls (buttons, dials, etc) may need to be re-enabled since
602 * the (remote) host can't do that any longer.
604 struct usb_gadget_driver
{
606 enum usb_device_speed speed
;
607 int (*bind
)(struct usb_gadget
*);
608 void (*unbind
)(struct usb_gadget
*);
609 int (*setup
)(struct usb_gadget
*,
610 const struct usb_ctrlrequest
*);
611 void (*disconnect
)(struct usb_gadget
*);
612 void (*suspend
)(struct usb_gadget
*);
613 void (*resume
)(struct usb_gadget
*);
615 // FIXME support safe rmmod
616 struct device_driver driver
;
621 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
623 /* driver modules register and unregister, as usual.
624 * these calls must be made in a context that can sleep.
626 * these will usually be implemented directly by the hardware-dependent
627 * usb bus interface driver, which will only support a single driver.
631 * usb_gadget_register_driver - register a gadget driver
632 * @driver:the driver being registered
634 * Call this in your gadget driver's module initialization function,
635 * to tell the underlying usb controller driver about your driver.
636 * The driver's bind() function will be called to bind it to a
637 * gadget. This function must be called in a context that can sleep.
639 int usb_gadget_register_driver (struct usb_gadget_driver
*driver
);
642 * usb_gadget_unregister_driver - unregister a gadget driver
643 * @driver:the driver being unregistered
645 * Call this in your gadget driver's module cleanup function,
646 * to tell the underlying usb controller that your driver is
647 * going away. If the controller is connected to a USB host,
648 * it will first disconnect(). The driver is also requested
649 * to unbind() and clean up any device state, before this procedure
651 * This function must be called in a context that can sleep.
653 int usb_gadget_unregister_driver (struct usb_gadget_driver
*driver
);
655 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
657 /* utility to simplify dealing with string descriptors */
660 * struct usb_string - wraps a C string and its USB id
661 * @id:the (nonzero) ID for this string
662 * @s:the string, in ISO-8859/1 characters
664 * If you're using usb_gadget_get_string(), use this to wrap a string
665 * together with its ID.
673 * struct usb_gadget_strings - a set of USB strings in a given language
674 * @language:identifies the strings' language (0x0409 for en-us)
675 * @strings:array of strings with their ids
677 * If you're using usb_gadget_get_string(), use this to wrap all the
678 * strings for a given language.
680 struct usb_gadget_strings
{
681 u16 language
; /* 0x0409 for en-us */
682 struct usb_string
*strings
;
685 /* put descriptor for string with that id into buf (buflen >= 256) */
686 int usb_gadget_get_string (struct usb_gadget_strings
*table
, int id
, u8
*buf
);
689 #endif /* __KERNEL__ */
691 #endif /* __LINUX_USB_GADGET_H */