4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LP Printer support is enabled.
52 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
53 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
54 These options have more detailed description inside of
55 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
56 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
57 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
58 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
59 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
60 MTD MTD support is enabled.
61 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
62 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
63 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
64 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
65 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
66 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
67 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
68 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
69 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
70 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
71 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
72 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
73 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
74 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
75 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
76 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
77 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
79 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
80 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
81 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
82 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
83 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
84 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
85 USB USB support is enabled.
86 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
87 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
88 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
89 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
90 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
91 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
92 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
93 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
94 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
96 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
98 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
99 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
100 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
102 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
103 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
104 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
105 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
107 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
108 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
109 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
110 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
111 running once the system is up.
113 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
114 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
115 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
116 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
117 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
120 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
121 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
122 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
124 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
125 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
126 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
127 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
128 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
129 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
130 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
131 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
133 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
135 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
136 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
137 See Documentation/power/video.txt
139 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
140 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
142 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
143 ACPI will balance active IRQs
146 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
147 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
150 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
152 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
154 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
155 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
157 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
158 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
160 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
162 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
164 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
165 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
166 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
168 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
170 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
171 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
172 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
173 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
175 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
177 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
178 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
179 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
180 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
182 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
184 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
185 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
186 override platform specific driver.
187 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
189 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
190 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
191 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
192 and always returns good values.
194 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
195 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
196 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
197 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
198 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
200 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
201 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
202 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
205 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
206 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
209 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
215 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
217 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
218 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
220 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
221 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
222 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
225 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
228 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
231 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
234 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
236 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
237 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
239 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
241 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
242 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
243 connected to one of 16 gameports
244 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
247 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
249 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
250 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
251 APC and your system crashes randomly.
253 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
254 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
255 Change the amount of debugging information output
256 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
258 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
259 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
264 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
265 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
269 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
271 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
273 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
274 EzKey and similar keyboards
276 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
278 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
279 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
281 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
284 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
285 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
287 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
288 Use software keyboard repeat
292 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
293 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
295 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
298 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
300 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
302 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
303 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
304 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
305 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
307 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
308 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
309 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
310 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
312 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
318 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
319 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
321 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
322 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
325 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
326 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
328 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
330 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
331 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
332 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
333 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
334 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
335 This option provides an override for these situations.
338 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
339 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
341 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
343 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
344 Format: { "0" | "1" }
345 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
346 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
347 any implied execute protection).
348 1 -- check protection requested by application.
349 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
350 Value can be changed at runtime via
351 /selinux/checkreqprot.
353 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
355 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
356 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
357 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
358 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
362 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
363 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
364 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
366 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
370 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
372 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
374 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
376 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
380 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
381 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
383 condev= [HW,S390] console device
386 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
388 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
392 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
393 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
394 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
395 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
396 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
398 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
400 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
403 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
404 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
405 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
406 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
407 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
408 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
410 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
412 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
415 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
417 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
418 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
419 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
422 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
427 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
428 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
430 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
433 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
435 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
436 (one device per port)
437 Format: <port#>,<type>
438 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
440 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
443 [KNL] verbose self-tests
445 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
447 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
448 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
449 only useful to kernel developers.
452 Format: <area>[,<node>]
453 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
456 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
459 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
461 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
462 See drivers/char/README.epca and
463 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
465 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
467 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
469 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
475 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
477 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
479 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
482 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
484 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
486 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
489 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
494 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
497 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
504 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
505 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
508 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
510 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
511 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
514 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
515 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
518 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
519 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
520 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
522 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
523 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
524 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
525 pass this option to capture kernel.
526 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
528 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
530 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
531 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
532 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
534 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
537 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
538 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
540 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
541 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
542 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
544 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
548 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
551 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
554 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
556 ftape= [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
557 See Documentation/ftape.txt.
560 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
561 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
562 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
563 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
568 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
570 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
571 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
578 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
579 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
580 for IA-64, off otherwise.
581 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
583 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
585 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
586 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
588 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
589 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
591 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
592 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
593 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
594 size on bigger boxes.
597 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
599 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
601 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
603 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
604 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
605 keyboard and cannot control its state
606 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
607 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
608 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
609 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
611 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
614 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
615 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
616 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
617 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
621 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
622 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
624 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
625 does not match list of supported models.
627 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
628 (disabled by default)
629 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
632 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
633 See Documentation/mca.txt.
636 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
638 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
639 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
640 See Documentation/ide.txt.
642 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
643 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
644 See Documentation/ide.txt.
646 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
647 See Documentation/ide.txt.
650 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
653 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
656 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
660 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
663 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
664 for working out where the kernel is dying during
667 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
669 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
672 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
673 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
674 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
675 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
676 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
677 changing hdc to sdb).
678 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
682 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
683 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
684 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
687 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
689 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
690 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
692 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
693 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
695 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
697 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
699 Format: <port>,<port>....
702 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
703 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
707 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
708 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
709 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
713 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
715 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
716 Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
717 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
718 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
719 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
720 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
721 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
722 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
724 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
725 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
726 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
727 suboptimal load balancer performance.
730 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
734 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
735 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
739 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
744 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
747 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
748 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
750 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
751 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
753 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
754 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
756 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
759 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
762 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
765 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
768 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
771 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
772 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
773 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
774 loglevels are defined as follows:
776 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
777 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
778 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
779 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
780 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
781 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
782 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
783 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
785 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
786 Format: { n | nk | nM }
787 n must be a power of two. The default size
788 is set in the kernel config file.
790 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
791 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
792 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
793 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
794 specified in addition to the ports) causes
795 attached printers to be reset. Using
796 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
797 to associate lp devices with, starting with
798 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
799 that lp device, or a parport name such as
800 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
801 port specification list means that device IDs
802 from each port should be examined, to see if
803 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
804 so, the driver will manage that printer.
805 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
808 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
809 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
810 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
811 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
812 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
813 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
814 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
815 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
816 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
817 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
818 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
822 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
824 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
825 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
827 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
828 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
830 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
831 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
832 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
834 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
838 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
841 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
842 equal to this physical address is ignored.
844 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
845 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
848 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
849 Should be between 1 and 16384.
851 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
856 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
860 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
862 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
863 See Documentation/md.txt.
866 Format: <first>,<last>
867 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
869 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
870 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
871 to see the whole system memory or for test.
872 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
873 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
874 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
876 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
879 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
880 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
881 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
882 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
885 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
886 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
887 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
889 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
890 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
891 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
893 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
894 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
895 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
897 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
898 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
903 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
904 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
905 This debugging option can be used to override the
906 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
907 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
908 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
909 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
910 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
911 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
913 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
914 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
915 development purposes, not production environments.
918 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
920 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
921 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
922 increase verbosity of the detection process.
923 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
924 some more information, and 2 will be really
925 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
926 serial console attached to the system).
929 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
931 This debug option can be used to proportionally
932 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
933 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
934 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
935 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
936 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
937 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
938 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
941 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
942 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
943 development purposes, not production environments.
946 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
947 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
948 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
949 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
951 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
952 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
953 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
954 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
960 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
962 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
963 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
966 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
968 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
969 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
970 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
972 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
975 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
981 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
983 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
987 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
988 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
989 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
990 something different and driver-specific.
991 This usage is only documented in each driver source
995 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
997 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
998 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1000 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1001 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1002 channel should listen.
1004 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1005 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1008 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1010 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1011 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1016 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1017 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1019 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1022 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1023 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1027 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1029 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1033 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1034 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1035 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1037 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1038 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1039 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1043 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1044 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1047 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1048 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1049 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1050 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1051 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1054 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1055 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1057 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1059 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1064 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1066 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1067 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1069 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1071 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1073 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1075 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1078 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1079 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1080 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1084 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1086 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1088 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1090 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1092 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1096 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1101 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1102 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1104 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1105 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1110 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1111 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1112 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1114 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1117 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1118 connected to, default is 0.
1120 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1121 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1124 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1125 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1126 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1127 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1128 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1129 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1130 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1131 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1132 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1133 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1134 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1135 are specified on the command line, starting
1138 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1139 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1140 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1141 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1142 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1143 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1144 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1146 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1147 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1150 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1153 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1154 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1155 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1160 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1161 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1163 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1164 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1165 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1166 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1167 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1168 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1169 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1170 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1171 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1172 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1174 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1176 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1178 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1179 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1180 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1181 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1182 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1183 done to get a device order compatible with
1185 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1186 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1187 on several machines and they hang the machine
1188 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1189 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1190 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1191 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1193 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1194 Use with caution as certain devices share
1195 address decoders between ROMs and other
1197 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1198 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1199 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1201 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1202 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1203 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1204 F0000h-100000h range.
1205 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1206 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1207 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1208 explicitly which ones they are.
1209 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1210 numbers ourselves, overriding
1211 whatever the firmware may have done.
1212 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1213 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1214 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1215 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1216 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1217 IRQ routing is enabled.
1218 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1219 or for PCI scanning.
1220 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1221 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1222 so this option is a temporary workaround
1223 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1224 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1225 just use the configuration from the
1226 bootloader. This is currently used on
1227 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1228 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1229 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1230 This might help on some broken boards which
1231 machine check when some devices' config space
1232 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1233 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1234 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1237 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1239 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1242 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1245 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1248 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1250 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1251 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1253 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1254 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1255 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1261 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1264 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1267 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1269 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1270 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1273 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1275 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1277 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1278 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1279 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1280 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1281 statistical time based profiling.
1283 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1284 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1285 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1287 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1288 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1289 instead using the legacy FADT method
1291 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1293 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1295 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1296 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1297 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1299 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1300 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1303 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1304 psmouse.smartscroll=
1305 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1306 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1308 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1310 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1313 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1315 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1320 See Documentation/md.txt.
1322 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1323 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1325 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1326 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1328 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1329 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1330 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1332 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1333 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1335 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1336 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1338 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1339 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1343 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1344 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1346 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1347 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1348 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1350 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1354 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1357 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1358 during initialization.
1361 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1363 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1364 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1366 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1367 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1369 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1371 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1373 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1374 mount the root filesystem
1376 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1378 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1380 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1382 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1385 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1388 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1390 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1392 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1394 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1395 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1397 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1398 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1400 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1401 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1403 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1404 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1407 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1408 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1409 (flags are integer value)
1411 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1413 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1414 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1415 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1418 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1419 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1420 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1422 selinux_compat_net =
1423 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1424 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1425 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1426 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1427 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1428 Value can be changed at runtime via
1429 /selinux/compat_net.
1431 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1433 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1436 Maximal number of shapers.
1439 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1445 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1446 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1451 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1453 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1455 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1457 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1459 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1461 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1463 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1465 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1467 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1469 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1471 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1473 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1475 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1477 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1479 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1481 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1483 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1485 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1487 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1489 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1491 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1493 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1495 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1497 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1499 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1501 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1503 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1505 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1509 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1511 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1513 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1518 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1520 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1522 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1524 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1526 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1528 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1536 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1540 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1542 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1544 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1550 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1552 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1554 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1556 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1561 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1563 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1565 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1567 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1569 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1571 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1573 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1576 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1578 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1579 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1581 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1582 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1584 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1590 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1592 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1593 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1596 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1600 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1601 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1602 as the initial boot-console.
1603 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1606 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1609 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1611 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1615 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1616 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1619 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1623 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1624 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1626 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1628 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1629 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1630 with the name specified.
1632 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1633 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1636 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1637 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1640 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1643 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1644 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1648 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1650 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1652 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1653 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1655 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1656 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1658 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1659 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1661 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1662 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1671 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1674 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1675 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1677 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1678 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1680 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1681 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1682 Documentation/svga.txt.
1683 Use vga=ask for menu.
1684 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1685 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1687 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1688 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1689 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1690 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1693 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1696 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1699 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1702 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1703 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1706 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1709 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1712 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1714 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1715 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1717 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1719 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1721 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1722 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1725 ______________________________________________________________________
1729 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1730 Add more DRM drivers.