Merge with Linux 2.6.0-test1.

[linux-2.6/linux-mips.git] / drivers / usb / core / message.c

/*
 * message.c - synchronous message handling
 */

#include <linux/pci.h>  /* for scatterlist macros */
#include <linux/usb.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>

#include "hcd.h"        /* for usbcore internals */

struct usb_api_data {
        wait_queue_head_t wqh;
        int done;
};

static void usb_api_blocking_completion(struct urb *urb, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct usb_api_data *awd = (struct usb_api_data *)urb->context;

        awd->done = 1;
        wmb();
        wake_up(&awd->wqh);
}

// Starts urb and waits for completion or timeout
static int usb_start_wait_urb(struct urb *urb, int timeout, int* actual_length)
{ 
        DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(wait, current);
        struct usb_api_data awd;
        int status;

        init_waitqueue_head(&awd.wqh);  
        awd.done = 0;

        set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
        add_wait_queue(&awd.wqh, &wait);

        urb->context = &awd;
        status = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
        if (status) {
                // something went wrong
                usb_free_urb(urb);
                set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
                remove_wait_queue(&awd.wqh, &wait);
                return status;
        }

        while (timeout && !awd.done)
        {
                timeout = schedule_timeout(timeout);
                set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
                rmb();
        }

        set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
        remove_wait_queue(&awd.wqh, &wait);

        if (!timeout && !awd.done) {
                if (urb->status != -EINPROGRESS) {      /* No callback?!! */
                        printk(KERN_ERR "usb: raced timeout, "
                            "pipe 0x%x status %d time left %d\n",
                            urb->pipe, urb->status, timeout);
                        status = urb->status;
                } else {
                        warn("usb_control/bulk_msg: timeout");
                        usb_unlink_urb(urb);  // remove urb safely
                        status = -ETIMEDOUT;
                }
        } else
                status = urb->status;

        if (actual_length)
                *actual_length = urb->actual_length;

        usb_free_urb(urb);
        return status;
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// returns status (negative) or length (positive)
int usb_internal_control_msg(struct usb_device *usb_dev, unsigned int pipe, 
                            struct usb_ctrlrequest *cmd,  void *data, int len, int timeout)
{
        struct urb *urb;
        int retv;
        int length;

        urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_NOIO);
        if (!urb)
                return -ENOMEM;
  
        usb_fill_control_urb(urb, usb_dev, pipe, (unsigned char*)cmd, data, len,
                   usb_api_blocking_completion, 0);

        retv = usb_start_wait_urb(urb, timeout, &length);
        if (retv < 0)
                return retv;
        else
                return length;
}

/**
 *      usb_control_msg - Builds a control urb, sends it off and waits for completion
 *      @dev: pointer to the usb device to send the message to
 *      @pipe: endpoint "pipe" to send the message to
 *      @request: USB message request value
 *      @requesttype: USB message request type value
 *      @value: USB message value
 *      @index: USB message index value
 *      @data: pointer to the data to send
 *      @size: length in bytes of the data to send
 *      @timeout: time in jiffies to wait for the message to complete before
 *              timing out (if 0 the wait is forever)
 *      Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 *      This function sends a simple control message to a specified endpoint
 *      and waits for the message to complete, or timeout.
 *      
 *      If successful, it returns the number of bytes transferred, otherwise a negative error number.
 *
 *      Don't use this function from within an interrupt context, like a
 *      bottom half handler.  If you need an asynchronous message, or need to send
 *      a message from within interrupt context, use usb_submit_urb()
 *      If a thread in your driver uses this call, make sure your disconnect()
 *      method can wait for it to complete.  Since you don't have a handle on
 *      the URB used, you can't cancel the request.
 */
int usb_control_msg(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned int pipe, __u8 request, __u8 requesttype,
                         __u16 value, __u16 index, void *data, __u16 size, int timeout)
{
        struct usb_ctrlrequest *dr = kmalloc(sizeof(struct usb_ctrlrequest), GFP_NOIO);
        int ret;
        
        if (!dr)
                return -ENOMEM;

        dr->bRequestType= requesttype;
        dr->bRequest = request;
        dr->wValue = cpu_to_le16p(&value);
        dr->wIndex = cpu_to_le16p(&index);
        dr->wLength = cpu_to_le16p(&size);

        //dbg("usb_control_msg");       

        ret = usb_internal_control_msg(dev, pipe, dr, data, size, timeout);

        kfree(dr);

        return ret;
}


/**
 *      usb_bulk_msg - Builds a bulk urb, sends it off and waits for completion
 *      @usb_dev: pointer to the usb device to send the message to
 *      @pipe: endpoint "pipe" to send the message to
 *      @data: pointer to the data to send
 *      @len: length in bytes of the data to send
 *      @actual_length: pointer to a location to put the actual length transferred in bytes
 *      @timeout: time in jiffies to wait for the message to complete before
 *              timing out (if 0 the wait is forever)
 *      Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 *      This function sends a simple bulk message to a specified endpoint
 *      and waits for the message to complete, or timeout.
 *      
 *      If successful, it returns 0, otherwise a negative error number.
 *      The number of actual bytes transferred will be stored in the 
 *      actual_length paramater.
 *
 *      Don't use this function from within an interrupt context, like a
 *      bottom half handler.  If you need an asynchronous message, or need to
 *      send a message from within interrupt context, use usb_submit_urb()
 *      If a thread in your driver uses this call, make sure your disconnect()
 *      method can wait for it to complete.  Since you don't have a handle on
 *      the URB used, you can't cancel the request.
 */
int usb_bulk_msg(struct usb_device *usb_dev, unsigned int pipe, 
                        void *data, int len, int *actual_length, int timeout)
{
        struct urb *urb;

        if (len < 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        urb=usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!urb)
                return -ENOMEM;

        usb_fill_bulk_urb(urb, usb_dev, pipe, data, len,
                    usb_api_blocking_completion, 0);

        return usb_start_wait_urb(urb,timeout,actual_length);
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/

static void sg_clean (struct usb_sg_request *io)
{
        if (io->urbs) {
                while (io->entries--)
                        usb_free_urb (io->urbs [io->entries]);
                kfree (io->urbs);
                io->urbs = 0;
        }
        if (io->dev->dev.dma_mask != 0)
                usb_buffer_unmap_sg (io->dev, io->pipe, io->sg, io->nents);
        io->dev = 0;
}

static void sg_complete (struct urb *urb, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
        struct usb_sg_request   *io = (struct usb_sg_request *) urb->context;
        unsigned long           flags;

        spin_lock_irqsave (&io->lock, flags);

        /* In 2.5 we require hcds' endpoint queues not to progress after fault
         * reports, until the completion callback (this!) returns.  That lets
         * device driver code (like this routine) unlink queued urbs first,
         * if it needs to, since the HC won't work on them at all.  So it's
         * not possible for page N+1 to overwrite page N, and so on.
         *
         * That's only for "hard" faults; "soft" faults (unlinks) sometimes
         * complete before the HCD can get requests away from hardware,
         * though never during cleanup after a hard fault.
         */
        if (io->status
                        && (io->status != -ECONNRESET
                                || urb->status != -ECONNRESET)
                        && urb->actual_length) {
                dev_err (io->dev->bus->controller,
                        "dev %s ep%d%s scatterlist error %d/%d\n",
                        io->dev->devpath,
                        usb_pipeendpoint (urb->pipe),
                        usb_pipein (urb->pipe) ? "in" : "out",
                        urb->status, io->status);
                // BUG ();
        }

        if (urb->status && urb->status != -ECONNRESET) {
                int             i, found, status;

                io->status = urb->status;

                /* the previous urbs, and this one, completed already.
                 * unlink the later ones so they won't rx/tx bad data,
                 *
                 * FIXME don't bother unlinking urbs that haven't yet been
                 * submitted; those non-error cases shouldn't be syslogged
                 */
                for (i = 0, found = 0; i < io->entries; i++) {
                        if (found) {
                                status = usb_unlink_urb (io->urbs [i]);
                                if (status && status != -EINPROGRESS)
                                        err ("sg_complete, unlink --> %d",
                                                        status);
                        } else if (urb == io->urbs [i])
                                found = 1;
                }
        }

        /* on the last completion, signal usb_sg_wait() */
        io->bytes += urb->actual_length;
        io->count--;
        if (!io->count)
                complete (&io->complete);

        spin_unlock_irqrestore (&io->lock, flags);
}


/**
 * usb_sg_init - initializes scatterlist-based bulk/interrupt I/O request
 * @io: request block being initialized.  until usb_sg_wait() returns,
 *      treat this as a pointer to an opaque block of memory,
 * @dev: the usb device that will send or receive the data
 * @pipe: endpoint "pipe" used to transfer the data
 * @period: polling rate for interrupt endpoints, in frames or
 *      (for high speed endpoints) microframes; ignored for bulk
 * @sg: scatterlist entries
 * @nents: how many entries in the scatterlist
 * @length: how many bytes to send from the scatterlist, or zero to
 *      send every byte identified in the list.
 * @mem_flags: SLAB_* flags affecting memory allocations in this call
 *
 * Returns zero for success, else a negative errno value.  This initializes a
 * scatter/gather request, allocating resources such as I/O mappings and urb
 * memory (except maybe memory used by USB controller drivers).
 *
 * The request must be issued using usb_sg_wait(), which waits for the I/O to
 * complete (or to be canceled) and then cleans up all resources allocated by
 * usb_sg_init().
 *
 * The request may be canceled with usb_sg_cancel(), either before or after
 * usb_sg_wait() is called.
 */
int usb_sg_init (
        struct usb_sg_request   *io,
        struct usb_device       *dev,
        unsigned                pipe, 
        unsigned                period,
        struct scatterlist      *sg,
        int                     nents,
        size_t                  length,
        int                     mem_flags
)
{
        int                     i;
        int                     urb_flags;
        int                     dma;

        if (!io || !dev || !sg
                        || usb_pipecontrol (pipe)
                        || usb_pipeisoc (pipe)
                        || nents <= 0)
                return -EINVAL;

        spin_lock_init (&io->lock);
        io->dev = dev;
        io->pipe = pipe;
        io->sg = sg;
        io->nents = nents;

        /* not all host controllers use DMA (like the mainstream pci ones);
         * they can use PIO (sl811) or be software over another transport.
         */
        dma = (dev->dev.dma_mask != 0);
        if (dma)
                io->entries = usb_buffer_map_sg (dev, pipe, sg, nents);
        else
                io->entries = nents;

        /* initialize all the urbs we'll use */
        if (io->entries <= 0)
                return io->entries;

        io->count = 0;
        io->urbs = kmalloc (io->entries * sizeof *io->urbs, mem_flags);
        if (!io->urbs)
                goto nomem;

        urb_flags = URB_ASYNC_UNLINK | URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP
                        | URB_NO_INTERRUPT;
        if (usb_pipein (pipe))
                urb_flags |= URB_SHORT_NOT_OK;

        for (i = 0; i < io->entries; i++, io->count = i) {
                unsigned                len;

                io->urbs [i] = usb_alloc_urb (0, mem_flags);
                if (!io->urbs [i]) {
                        io->entries = i;
                        goto nomem;
                }

                io->urbs [i]->dev = dev;
                io->urbs [i]->pipe = pipe;
                io->urbs [i]->interval = period;
                io->urbs [i]->transfer_flags = urb_flags;

                io->urbs [i]->complete = sg_complete;
                io->urbs [i]->context = io;
                io->urbs [i]->status = -EINPROGRESS;
                io->urbs [i]->actual_length = 0;

                if (dma) {
                        /* hc may use _only_ transfer_dma */
                        io->urbs [i]->transfer_dma = sg_dma_address (sg + i);
                        len = sg_dma_len (sg + i);
                } else {
                        /* hc may use _only_ transfer_buffer */
                        io->urbs [i]->transfer_buffer =
                                page_address (sg [i].page) + sg [i].offset;
                        len = sg [i].length;
                }

                if (length) {
                        len = min_t (unsigned, len, length);
                        length -= len;
                        if (length == 0)
                                io->entries = i + 1;
                }
                io->urbs [i]->transfer_buffer_length = len;
        }
        io->urbs [--i]->transfer_flags &= ~URB_NO_INTERRUPT;

        /* transaction state */
        io->status = 0;
        io->bytes = 0;
        init_completion (&io->complete);
        return 0;

nomem:
        sg_clean (io);
        return -ENOMEM;
}


/**
 * usb_sg_wait - synchronously execute scatter/gather request
 * @io: request block handle, as initialized with usb_sg_init().
 *      some fields become accessible when this call returns.
 * Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 * This function blocks until the specified I/O operation completes.  It
 * leverages the grouping of the related I/O requests to get good transfer
 * rates, by queueing the requests.  At higher speeds, such queuing can
 * significantly improve USB throughput.
 *
 * There are three kinds of completion for this function.
 * (1) success, where io->status is zero.  The number of io->bytes
 *     transferred is as requested.
 * (2) error, where io->status is a negative errno value.  The number
 *     of io->bytes transferred before the error is usually less
 *     than requested, and can be nonzero.
 * (3) cancelation, a type of error with status -ECONNRESET that
 *     is initiated by usb_sg_cancel().
 *
 * When this function returns, all memory allocated through usb_sg_init() or
 * this call will have been freed.  The request block parameter may still be
 * passed to usb_sg_cancel(), or it may be freed.  It could also be
 * reinitialized and then reused.
 *
 * Data Transfer Rates:
 *
 * Bulk transfers are valid for full or high speed endpoints.
 * The best full speed data rate is 19 packets of 64 bytes each
 * per frame, or 1216 bytes per millisecond.
 * The best high speed data rate is 13 packets of 512 bytes each
 * per microframe, or 52 KBytes per millisecond.
 *
 * The reason to use interrupt transfers through this API would most likely
 * be to reserve high speed bandwidth, where up to 24 KBytes per millisecond
 * could be transferred.  That capability is less useful for low or full
 * speed interrupt endpoints, which allow at most one packet per millisecond,
 * of at most 8 or 64 bytes (respectively).
 */
void usb_sg_wait (struct usb_sg_request *io)
{
        int             i;
        unsigned long   flags;

        /* queue the urbs.  */
        spin_lock_irqsave (&io->lock, flags);
        for (i = 0; i < io->entries && !io->status; i++) {
                int     retval;

                retval = usb_submit_urb (io->urbs [i], SLAB_ATOMIC);

                /* after we submit, let completions or cancelations fire;
                 * we handshake using io->status.
                 */
                spin_unlock_irqrestore (&io->lock, flags);
                switch (retval) {
                        /* maybe we retrying will recover */
                case -ENXIO:    // hc didn't queue this one
                case -EAGAIN:
                case -ENOMEM:
                        retval = 0;
                        i--;
                        // FIXME:  should it usb_sg_cancel() on INTERRUPT?
                        yield ();
                        break;

                        /* no error? continue immediately.
                         *
                         * NOTE: to work better with UHCI (4K I/O buffer may
                         * need 3K of TDs) it may be good to limit how many
                         * URBs are queued at once; N milliseconds?
                         */
                case 0:
                        cpu_relax ();
                        break;

                        /* fail any uncompleted urbs */
                default:
                        io->urbs [i]->status = retval;
                        dbg ("usb_sg_msg, submit --> %d", retval);
                        usb_sg_cancel (io);
                }
                spin_lock_irqsave (&io->lock, flags);
                if (retval && io->status == -ECONNRESET)
                        io->status = retval;
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore (&io->lock, flags);

        /* OK, yes, this could be packaged as non-blocking.
         * So could the submit loop above ... but it's easier to
         * solve neither problem than to solve both!
         */
        wait_for_completion (&io->complete);

        sg_clean (io);
}

/**
 * usb_sg_cancel - stop scatter/gather i/o issued by usb_sg_wait()
 * @io: request block, initialized with usb_sg_init()
 *
 * This stops a request after it has been started by usb_sg_wait().
 * It can also prevents one initialized by usb_sg_init() from starting,
 * so that call just frees resources allocated to the request.
 */
void usb_sg_cancel (struct usb_sg_request *io)
{
        unsigned long   flags;

        spin_lock_irqsave (&io->lock, flags);

        /* shut everything down, if it didn't already */
        if (!io->status) {
                int     i;

                io->status = -ECONNRESET;
                for (i = 0; i < io->entries; i++) {
                        int     retval;

                        if (!io->urbs [i]->dev)
                                continue;
                        retval = usb_unlink_urb (io->urbs [i]);
                        if (retval && retval != -EINPROGRESS)
                                warn ("usb_sg_cancel, unlink --> %d", retval);
                        // FIXME don't warn on "not yet submitted" error
                }
        }
        spin_unlock_irqrestore (&io->lock, flags);
}

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/

/**
 * usb_get_descriptor - issues a generic GET_DESCRIPTOR request
 * @dev: the device whose descriptor is being retrieved
 * @type: the descriptor type (USB_DT_*)
 * @index: the number of the descriptor
 * @buf: where to put the descriptor
 * @size: how big is "buf"?
 * Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 * Gets a USB descriptor.  Convenience functions exist to simplify
 * getting some types of descriptors.  Use
 * usb_get_device_descriptor() for USB_DT_DEVICE,
 * and usb_get_string() or usb_string() for USB_DT_STRING.
 * Configuration descriptors (USB_DT_CONFIG) are part of the device
 * structure, at least for the current configuration.
 * In addition to a number of USB-standard descriptors, some
 * devices also use class-specific or vendor-specific descriptors.
 *
 * This call is synchronous, and may not be used in an interrupt context.
 *
 * Returns the number of bytes received on success, or else the status code
 * returned by the underlying usb_control_msg() call.
 */
int usb_get_descriptor(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned char type, unsigned char index, void *buf, int size)
{
        int i = 5;
        int result;
        
        memset(buf,0,size);     // Make sure we parse really received data

        while (i--) {
                /* retries if the returned length was 0; flakey device */
                if ((result = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0),
                                    USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR, USB_DIR_IN,
                                    (type << 8) + index, 0, buf, size,
                                    HZ * USB_CTRL_GET_TIMEOUT)) > 0
                                || result == -EPIPE)
                        break;
        }
        return result;
}

/**
 * usb_get_string - gets a string descriptor
 * @dev: the device whose string descriptor is being retrieved
 * @langid: code for language chosen (from string descriptor zero)
 * @index: the number of the descriptor
 * @buf: where to put the string
 * @size: how big is "buf"?
 * Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 * Retrieves a string, encoded using UTF-16LE (Unicode, 16 bits per character,
 * in little-endian byte order).
 * The usb_string() function will often be a convenient way to turn
 * these strings into kernel-printable form.
 *
 * Strings may be referenced in device, configuration, interface, or other
 * descriptors, and could also be used in vendor-specific ways.
 *
 * This call is synchronous, and may not be used in an interrupt context.
 *
 * Returns the number of bytes received on success, or else the status code
 * returned by the underlying usb_control_msg() call.
 */
int usb_get_string(struct usb_device *dev, unsigned short langid, unsigned char index, void *buf, int size)
{
        return usb_control_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0),
                USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR, USB_DIR_IN,
                (USB_DT_STRING << 8) + index, langid, buf, size,
                HZ * USB_CTRL_GET_TIMEOUT);
}

/**
 * usb_get_device_descriptor - (re)reads the device descriptor
 * @dev: the device whose device descriptor is being updated
 * Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 * Updates the copy of the device descriptor stored in the device structure,
 * which dedicates space for this purpose.  Note that several fields are
 * converted to the host CPU's byte order:  the USB version (bcdUSB), and
 * vendors product and version fields (idVendor, idProduct, and bcdDevice).
 * That lets device drivers compare against non-byteswapped constants.
 *
 * There's normally no need to use this call, although some devices
 * will change their descriptors after events like updating firmware.
 *
 * This call is synchronous, and may not be used in an interrupt context.
 *
 * Returns the number of bytes received on success, or else the status code
 * returned by the underlying usb_control_msg() call.
 */
int usb_get_device_descriptor(struct usb_device *dev)
{
        int ret = usb_get_descriptor(dev, USB_DT_DEVICE, 0, &dev->descriptor,
                                     sizeof(dev->descriptor));
        if (ret >= 0) {
                le16_to_cpus(&dev->descriptor.bcdUSB);
                le16_to_cpus(&dev->descriptor.idVendor);
                le16_to_cpus(&dev->descriptor.idProduct);
                le16_to_cpus(&dev->descriptor.bcdDevice);
        }
        return ret;
}

/**
 * usb_get_status - issues a GET_STATUS call
 * @dev: the device whose status is being checked
 * @type: USB_RECIP_*; for device, interface, or endpoint
 * @target: zero (for device), else interface or endpoint number
 * @data: pointer to two bytes of bitmap data
 * Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 * Returns device, interface, or endpoint status.  Normally only of
 * interest to see if the device is self powered, or has enabled the
 * remote wakeup facility; or whether a bulk or interrupt endpoint
 * is halted ("stalled").
 *
 * Bits in these status bitmaps are set using the SET_FEATURE request,
 * and cleared using the CLEAR_FEATURE request.  The usb_clear_halt()
 * function should be used to clear halt ("stall") status.
 *
 * This call is synchronous, and may not be used in an interrupt context.
 *
 * Returns the number of bytes received on success, or else the status code
 * returned by the underlying usb_control_msg() call.
 */
int usb_get_status(struct usb_device *dev, int type, int target, void *data)
{
        return usb_control_msg(dev, usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, 0),
                USB_REQ_GET_STATUS, USB_DIR_IN | type, 0, target, data, 2,
                HZ * USB_CTRL_GET_TIMEOUT);
}


// hub-only!! ... and only exported for reset/reinit path.
// otherwise used internally, when setting up a config
void usb_set_maxpacket(struct usb_device *dev)
{
        int i, b;

        /* NOTE:  affects all endpoints _except_ ep0 */
        for (i=0; i<dev->actconfig->desc.bNumInterfaces; i++) {
                struct usb_interface *ifp = dev->actconfig->interface + i;
                struct usb_host_interface *as = ifp->altsetting + ifp->act_altsetting;
                struct usb_host_endpoint *ep = as->endpoint;
                int e;

                for (e=0; e<as->desc.bNumEndpoints; e++) {
                        struct usb_endpoint_descriptor  *d;
                        d = &ep [e].desc;
                        b = d->bEndpointAddress & USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
                        if ((d->bmAttributes & USB_ENDPOINT_XFERTYPE_MASK) ==
                                USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_CONTROL) {    /* Control => bidirectional */
                                dev->epmaxpacketout[b] = d->wMaxPacketSize;
                                dev->epmaxpacketin [b] = d->wMaxPacketSize;
                                }
                        else if (usb_endpoint_out(d->bEndpointAddress)) {
                                if (d->wMaxPacketSize > dev->epmaxpacketout[b])
                                        dev->epmaxpacketout[b] = d->wMaxPacketSize;
                        }
                        else {
                                if (d->wMaxPacketSize > dev->epmaxpacketin [b])
                                        dev->epmaxpacketin [b] = d->wMaxPacketSize;
                        }
                }
        }
}

/**
 * usb_clear_halt - tells device to clear endpoint halt/stall condition
 * @dev: device whose endpoint is halted
 * @pipe: endpoint "pipe" being cleared
 * Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 * This is used to clear halt conditions for bulk and interrupt endpoints,
 * as reported by URB completion status.  Endpoints that are halted are
 * sometimes referred to as being "stalled".  Such endpoints are unable
 * to transmit or receive data until the halt status is cleared.  Any URBs
 * queued for such an endpoint should normally be unlinked by the driver
 * before clearing the halt condition, as described in sections 5.7.5
 * and 5.8.5 of the USB 2.0 spec.
 *
 * Note that control and isochronous endpoints don't halt, although control
 * endpoints report "protocol stall" (for unsupported requests) using the
 * same status code used to report a true stall.
 *
 * This call is synchronous, and may not be used in an interrupt context.
 *
 * Returns zero on success, or else the status code returned by the
 * underlying usb_control_msg() call.
 */
int usb_clear_halt(struct usb_device *dev, int pipe)
{
        int result;
        int endp = usb_pipeendpoint(pipe);
        
        if (usb_pipein (pipe))
                endp |= USB_DIR_IN;

        /* we don't care if it wasn't halted first. in fact some devices
         * (like some ibmcam model 1 units) seem to expect hosts to make
         * this request for iso endpoints, which can't halt!
         */
        result = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),
                USB_REQ_CLEAR_FEATURE, USB_RECIP_ENDPOINT, 0, endp, NULL, 0,
                HZ * USB_CTRL_SET_TIMEOUT);

        /* don't un-halt or force to DATA0 except on success */
        if (result < 0)
                return result;

        /* NOTE:  seems like Microsoft and Apple don't bother verifying
         * the clear "took", so some devices could lock up if you check...
         * such as the Hagiwara FlashGate DUAL.  So we won't bother.
         *
         * NOTE:  make sure the logic here doesn't diverge much from
         * the copy in usb-storage, for as long as we need two copies.
         */

        /* toggle was reset by the clear, then ep was reactivated */
        usb_settoggle(dev, usb_pipeendpoint(pipe), usb_pipeout(pipe), 0);
        usb_endpoint_running(dev, usb_pipeendpoint(pipe), usb_pipeout(pipe));

        return 0;
}

/**
 * usb_set_interface - Makes a particular alternate setting be current
 * @dev: the device whose interface is being updated
 * @interface: the interface being updated
 * @alternate: the setting being chosen.
 * Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 * This is used to enable data transfers on interfaces that may not
 * be enabled by default.  Not all devices support such configurability.
 * Only the driver bound to an interface may change its setting.
 *
 * Within any given configuration, each interface may have several
 * alternative settings.  These are often used to control levels of
 * bandwidth consumption.  For example, the default setting for a high
 * speed interrupt endpoint may not send more than 64 bytes per microframe,
 * while interrupt transfers of up to 3KBytes per microframe are legal.
 * Also, isochronous endpoints may never be part of an
 * interface's default setting.  To access such bandwidth, alternate
 * interface settings must be made current.
 *
 * Note that in the Linux USB subsystem, bandwidth associated with
 * an endpoint in a given alternate setting is not reserved until an URB
 * is submitted that needs that bandwidth.  Some other operating systems
 * allocate bandwidth early, when a configuration is chosen.
 *
 * This call is synchronous, and may not be used in an interrupt context.
 * Also, drivers must not change altsettings while urbs are scheduled for
 * endpoints in that interface; all such urbs must first be completed
 * (perhaps forced by unlinking).
 *
 * Returns zero on success, or else the status code returned by the
 * underlying usb_control_msg() call.
 */
int usb_set_interface(struct usb_device *dev, int interface, int alternate)
{
        struct usb_interface *iface;
        struct usb_host_interface *iface_as;
        int i, ret;
        void (*disable)(struct usb_device *, int) = dev->bus->op->disable;

        iface = usb_ifnum_to_if(dev, interface);
        if (!iface) {
                warn("selecting invalid interface %d", interface);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /* 9.4.10 says devices don't need this, if the interface
           only has one alternate setting */
        if (iface->num_altsetting == 1) {
                dbg("ignoring set_interface for dev %d, iface %d, alt %d",
                        dev->devnum, interface, alternate);
                return 0;
        }

        if (alternate < 0 || alternate >= iface->num_altsetting)
                return -EINVAL;

        if ((ret = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),
                                   USB_REQ_SET_INTERFACE, USB_RECIP_INTERFACE,
                                   iface->altsetting[alternate]
                                        .desc.bAlternateSetting,
                                   interface, NULL, 0, HZ * 5)) < 0)
                return ret;

        /* FIXME drivers shouldn't need to replicate/bugfix the logic here
         * when they implement async or easily-killable versions of this or
         * other "should-be-internal" functions (like clear_halt).
         * should hcd+usbcore postprocess control requests?
         */

        /* prevent submissions using previous endpoint settings */
        iface_as = iface->altsetting + iface->act_altsetting;
        for (i = 0; i < iface_as->desc.bNumEndpoints; i++) {
                u8      ep = iface_as->endpoint [i].desc.bEndpointAddress;
                int     out = !(ep & USB_DIR_IN);

                /* clear out hcd state, then usbcore state */
                if (disable)
                        disable (dev, ep);
                ep &= USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
                (out ? dev->epmaxpacketout : dev->epmaxpacketin ) [ep] = 0;
        }
        iface->act_altsetting = alternate;

        /* 9.1.1.5: reset toggles for all endpoints affected by this iface-as
         *
         * Note:
         * Despite EP0 is always present in all interfaces/AS, the list of
         * endpoints from the descriptor does not contain EP0. Due to its
         * omnipresence one might expect EP0 being considered "affected" by
         * any SetInterface request and hence assume toggles need to be reset.
         * However, EP0 toggles are re-synced for every individual transfer
         * during the SETUP stage - hence EP0 toggles are "don't care" here.
         * (Likewise, EP0 never "halts" on well designed devices.)
         */

        iface_as = &iface->altsetting[alternate];
        for (i = 0; i < iface_as->desc.bNumEndpoints; i++) {
                u8      ep = iface_as->endpoint[i].desc.bEndpointAddress;
                int     out = !(ep & USB_DIR_IN);

                ep &= USB_ENDPOINT_NUMBER_MASK;
                usb_settoggle (dev, ep, out, 0);
                (out ? dev->epmaxpacketout : dev->epmaxpacketin) [ep]
                        = iface_as->endpoint [i].desc.wMaxPacketSize;
                usb_endpoint_running (dev, ep, out);
        }

        return 0;
}

/**
 * usb_set_configuration - Makes a particular device setting be current
 * @dev: the device whose configuration is being updated
 * @configuration: the configuration being chosen.
 * Context: !in_interrupt ()
 *
 * This is used to enable non-default device modes.  Not all devices
 * support this kind of configurability.  By default, configuration
 * zero is selected after enumeration; many devices only have a single
 * configuration.
 *
 * USB devices may support one or more configurations, which affect
 * power consumption and the functionality available.  For example,
 * the default configuration is limited to using 100mA of bus power,
 * so that when certain device functionality requires more power,
 * and the device is bus powered, that functionality will be in some
 * non-default device configuration.  Other device modes may also be
 * reflected as configuration options, such as whether two ISDN
 * channels are presented as independent 64Kb/s interfaces or as one
 * bonded 128Kb/s interface.
 *
 * Note that USB has an additional level of device configurability,
 * associated with interfaces.  That configurability is accessed using
 * usb_set_interface().
 *
 * This call is synchronous, and may not be used in an interrupt context.
 *
 * Returns zero on success, or else the status code returned by the
 * underlying usb_control_msg() call.
 */
int usb_set_configuration(struct usb_device *dev, int configuration)
{
        int i, ret;
        struct usb_host_config *cp = NULL;
        void (*disable)(struct usb_device *, int) = dev->bus->op->disable;
        
        for (i=0; i<dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations; i++) {
                if (dev->config[i].desc.bConfigurationValue == configuration) {
                        cp = &dev->config[i];
                        break;
                }
        }
        if ((!cp && configuration != 0) || (cp && configuration == 0)) {
                warn("selecting invalid configuration %d", configuration);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        /* if it's already configured, clear out old state first. */
        if (dev->state != USB_STATE_ADDRESS && disable) {
                for (i = 1 /* skip ep0 */; i < 15; i++) {
                        disable (dev, i);
                        disable (dev, USB_DIR_IN | i);
                }
        }
        dev->toggle[0] = dev->toggle[1] = 0;
        dev->halted[0] = dev->halted[1] = 0;
        dev->state = USB_STATE_ADDRESS;

        if ((ret = usb_control_msg(dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, 0),
                        USB_REQ_SET_CONFIGURATION, 0, configuration, 0,
                        NULL, 0, HZ * USB_CTRL_SET_TIMEOUT)) < 0)
                return ret;
        if (configuration)
                dev->state = USB_STATE_CONFIGURED;
        dev->actconfig = cp;

        /* reset more hc/hcd endpoint state */
        usb_set_maxpacket(dev);

        return 0;
}


/**
 * usb_string - returns ISO 8859-1 version of a string descriptor
 * @dev: the device whose string descriptor is being retrieved
 * @index: the number of the descriptor
 * @buf: where to put the string
 * @size: how big is "buf"?
 * Context: !in_interrupt ()
 * 
 * This converts the UTF-16LE encoded strings returned by devices, from
 * usb_get_string_descriptor(), to null-terminated ISO-8859-1 encoded ones
 * that are more usable in most kernel contexts.  Note that all characters
 * in the chosen descriptor that can't be encoded using ISO-8859-1
 * are converted to the question mark ("?") character, and this function
 * chooses strings in the first language supported by the device.
 *
 * The ASCII (or, redundantly, "US-ASCII") character set is the seven-bit
 * subset of ISO 8859-1. ISO-8859-1 is the eight-bit subset of Unicode,
 * and is appropriate for use many uses of English and several other
 * Western European languages.  (But it doesn't include the "Euro" symbol.)
 *
 * This call is synchronous, and may not be used in an interrupt context.
 *
 * Returns length of the string (>= 0) or usb_control_msg status (< 0).
 */
int usb_string(struct usb_device *dev, int index, char *buf, size_t size)
{
        unsigned char *tbuf;
        int err, len;
        unsigned int u, idx;

        if (size <= 0 || !buf || !index)
                return -EINVAL;
        buf[0] = 0;
        tbuf = kmalloc(256, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!tbuf)
                return -ENOMEM;

        /* get langid for strings if it's not yet known */
        if (!dev->have_langid) {
                err = usb_get_string(dev, 0, 0, tbuf, 4);
                if (err < 0) {
                        err("error getting string descriptor 0 (error=%d)", err);
                        goto errout;
                } else if (err < 4 || tbuf[0] < 4) {
                        err("string descriptor 0 too short");
                        err = -EINVAL;
                        goto errout;
                } else {
                        dev->have_langid = -1;
                        dev->string_langid = tbuf[2] | (tbuf[3]<< 8);
                                /* always use the first langid listed */
                        dbg("USB device number %d default language ID 0x%x",
                                dev->devnum, dev->string_langid);
                }
        }

        /*
         * ask for the length of the string 
         */

        err = usb_get_string(dev, dev->string_langid, index, tbuf, 2);
        if(err<2)
                goto errout;
        len=tbuf[0];    
        
        err = usb_get_string(dev, dev->string_langid, index, tbuf, len);
        if (err < 0)
                goto errout;

        size--;         /* leave room for trailing NULL char in output buffer */
        for (idx = 0, u = 2; u < err; u += 2) {
                if (idx >= size)
                        break;
                if (tbuf[u+1])                  /* high byte */
                        buf[idx++] = '?';  /* non ISO-8859-1 character */
                else
                        buf[idx++] = tbuf[u];
        }
        buf[idx] = 0;
        err = idx;

 errout:
        kfree(tbuf);
        return err;
}

// synchronous request completion model
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_control_msg);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_bulk_msg);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_sg_init);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_sg_cancel);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_sg_wait);

// synchronous control message convenience routines
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_get_descriptor);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_get_device_descriptor);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_get_status);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_get_string);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_string);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_clear_halt);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_set_configuration);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usb_set_interface);