1 This document gives a brief introduction to the caching
2 mechanisms in the sunrpc layer that is used, in particular,
3 for NFS authentication.
7 The caching replaces the old exports table and allows for
8 a wide variety of values to be caches.
10 There are a number of caches that are similar in structure though
11 quite possibly very different in content and use. There is a corpus
12 of common code for managing these caches.
14 Examples of caches that are likely to be needed are:
15 - mapping from IP address to client name
16 - mapping from client name and filesystem to export options
17 - mapping from UID to list of GIDs, to work around NFS's limitation
19 - mappings between local UID/GID and remote UID/GID for sites that
20 do not have uniform uid assignment
21 - mapping from network identify to public key for crypto authentication.
23 The common code handles such things as:
24 - general cache lookup with correct locking
25 - supporting 'NEGATIVE' as well as positive entries
26 - allowing an EXPIRED time on cache items, and removing
27 items after they expire, and are no longe in-use.
29 Future code extensions are expect to handle
30 - making requests to user-space to fill in cache entries
31 - allowing user-space to directly set entries in the cache
32 - delaying RPC requests that depend on as-yet incomplete
33 cache entries, and replaying those requests when the cache entry
35 - maintaining last-access times on cache entries
36 - clean out old entries when the caches become full
38 The code for performing a cache lookup is also common, but in the form
39 of a template. i.e. a #define.
40 Each cache defines a lookup function by using the DefineCacheLookup
41 macro, or the simpler DefineSimpleCacheLookup macro
46 1/ A cache needs a datum to cache. This is in the form of a
47 structure definition that must contain a
49 as an element, usually the first.
50 It will also contain a key and some content.
51 Each cache element is reference counted and contains
52 expiry and update times for use in cache management.
53 2/ A cache needs a "cache_detail" structure that
54 describes the cache. This stores the hash table, and some
55 parameters for cache management.
56 3/ A cache needs a lookup function. This is created using
57 the DefineCacheLookup macro. This lookup function is used both
58 to find entries and to update entries. The normal mode for
59 updating an entry is to replace the old entry with a new
60 entry. However it is possible to allow update-in-place
61 for those caches where it makes sense (no atomicity issues
62 or indirect reference counting issue)
63 4/ A cache needs to be registered using cache_register(). This
64 includes in on a list of caches that will be regularly
65 cleaned to discard old data. For this to work, some
66 thread must periodically call cache_clean
71 To find a value in a cache, call the lookup function passing it a the
72 datum which contains key, and possibly content, and a flag saying
73 whether to update the cache with new data from the datum. Depending
74 on how the cache lookup function was defined, it may take an extra
75 argument to identify the particular cache in question.
77 Except in cases of kmalloc failure, the lookup function
78 will return a new datum which will store the key and
79 may contain valid content, or may not.
80 This datum is typically passed to cache_check which determines the
81 validity of the datum and may later initiate an upcall to fill
84 cache_check can be passed a "struct cache_req *". This structure is
85 typically embedded in the actual request and can be used to create a
86 deferred copy of the request (struct cache_deferred_req). This is
87 done when the found cache item is not uptodate, but the is reason to
88 believe that userspace might provide information soon. When the cache
89 item does become valid, the deferred copy of the request will be
90 revisited (->revisit). It is expected that this method will
91 reschedule the request for processing.
97 Each cache has a name, and when the cache is registered, a directory
98 with that name is created in /proc/net/rpc
100 This directory contains a file called 'channel' which is a channel
101 for communicating between kernel and user for populating the cache.
102 This directory may later contain other files of interacting
105 The 'channel' works a bit like a datagram socket. Each 'write' is
106 passed as a whole to the cache for parsing and interpretation.
107 Each cache can treat the write requests differently, but it is
108 expected that a message written will contain:
112 with the intention that an item in the cache with the give key
113 should be create or updated to have the given content, and the
114 expiry time should be set on that item.
116 Reading from a channel is a bit more interesting. When a cache
117 lookup fail, or when it suceeds but finds an entry that may soon
118 expiry, a request is lodged for that cache item to be updated by
119 user-space. These requests appear in the channel file.
121 Successive reads will return successive requests.
122 If there are no more requests to return, read will return EOF, but a
123 select or poll for read will block waiting for another request to be
126 Thus a user-space helper is likely to:
133 If it dies and needs to be restarted, any requests that have not be
134 answered will still appear in the file and will be read by the new
135 instance of the helper.
137 Each cache should define a "cache_parse" method which takes a message
138 written from user-space and processes it. It should return an error
139 (which propagates back to the write syscall) or 0.
141 Each cache should also define a "cache_request" method which
142 takes a cache item and encodes a request into the buffer
146 Note: If a cache has no active readers on the channel, and has had not
147 active readers for more than 60 seconds, further requests will not be
148 added to the channel but instead all looks that do not find a valid
149 entry will fail. This is partly for backward compatibility: The
150 previous nfs exports table was deemed to be authoritative and a
151 failed lookup meant a definite 'no'.
153 request/response format
154 -----------------------
156 While each cache is free to use it's own format for requests
157 and responses over channel, the following is recommended are
158 appropriate and support routines are available to help:
159 Each request or response record should be printable ASCII
160 with precisely one newline character which should be at the end.
161 Fields within the record should be separated by spaces, normally one.
162 If spaces, newlines, or nul characters are needed in a field they
163 much be quotes. two mechanisms are available:
164 1/ If a field begins '\x' then it must contain an even number of
165 hex digits, and pairs of these digits provide the bytes in the
167 2/ otherwise a \ in the field must be followed by 3 octal digits
168 which give the code for a byte. Other characters are treated
169 as them selves. At the very least, space, newlines nul, and
170 '\' must be quoted in this way.