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1 Kernel Parameters
2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
21 log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
22 can also be entered as
23 log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
26 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
27 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
28 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
29 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
30 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
31 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
33 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
34 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
35 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
36 parameter is applicable:
38 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
39 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
40 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
41 APIC APIC support is enabled.
42 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
43 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
44 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
45 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
46 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
47 DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime
48 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
49 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
50 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
51 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
52 GCOV GCOV profiling is enabled.
53 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
54 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
55 IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
56 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
57 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
58 IPV6 IPv6 support is enabled.
59 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
60 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
61 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
62 KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled.
63 KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
64 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
65 LP Printer support is enabled.
66 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
67 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
68 These options have more detailed description inside of
69 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
70 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
71 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
72 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
73 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
74 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
75 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
76 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
77 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
78 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
79 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
80 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
81 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
82 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
83 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
84 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
85 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
86 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
87 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
88 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
89 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
90 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
91 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
92 A lot of drivers have their options described inside
93 the Documentation/scsi/ sub-directory.
94 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
95 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
96 APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.
97 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
98 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
99 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
100 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
101 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
102 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
103 FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
104 TPM TPM drivers are enabled.
105 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
106 UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
107 USB USB support is enabled.
108 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
109 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
110 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
111 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
112 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
113 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
114 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
115 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
116 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
117 Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
118 X86 Either 32bit or 64bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
119 XEN Xen support is enabled
121 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
123 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
124 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
125 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
127 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
128 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
129 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
130 need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
132 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
133 See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
135 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
136 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
137 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
138 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
139 running once the system is up.
141 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
142 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
143 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
144 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
145 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
147 Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel
148 parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_
149 multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equalling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30
150 bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
153 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86]
154 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
155 Format: { force | off | strict | noirq | rsdt }
156 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
157 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
158 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
159 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
160 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
161 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
162 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
164 See also Documentation/power/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
166 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
167 Format: <int>
168 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
169 1,0: use 1st APIC table
170 default: 0
172 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
173 acpi_backlight=vendor
174 acpi_backlight=video
175 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
176 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
177 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
179 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
180 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
181 Format: <int>
182 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
183 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
184 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
185 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
186 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
187 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
188 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
189 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
190 Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
191 debug layers and levels.
193 Enable processor driver info messages:
194 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
195 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
196 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
197 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
198 object while interpreting AML:
199 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
200 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
201 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
203 Some values produce so much output that the system is
204 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
205 if you need to capture more output.
207 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
208 ACPI will balance active IRQs
209 default in APIC mode
211 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
212 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
213 default in PIC mode
215 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
216 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
218 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
219 use by PCI
220 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
222 acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT
224 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
225 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
227 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
228 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1 -- only one string
229 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove built-in string2
230 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
232 acpi_pm_good [X86]
233 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
234 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
235 and always returns good values.
237 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
238 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
240 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
242 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
243 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
244 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
246 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
247 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
248 old_ordering, s4_nonvs, sci_force_enable }
249 See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
250 s3_bios and s3_mode.
251 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
252 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
253 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
254 used during resume from hibernation.
255 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
256 control method, with respect to putting devices into
257 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
258 of _PTS is used by default).
259 nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
260 ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.
261 sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly
262 on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,
263 but some broken systems don't work without it).
265 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
266 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
267 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
269 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
270 { strict | lax | no }
271 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
272 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
273 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
274 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
275 can interfere with legacy drivers.
276 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
277 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
278 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
279 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
280 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
281 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
282 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
283 no further checks are performed.
285 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
286 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
288 agp= [AGP]
289 { off | try_unsupported }
290 off: disable AGP support
291 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
292 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
294 ALSA [HW,ALSA]
295 See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt
297 alignment= [KNL,ARM]
298 Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler
299 behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings,
300 bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault.
302 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-84]
303 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
304 Possible values are:
305 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
306 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
307 flushed before they will be reused, which
308 is a lot of faster
309 off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
310 the system
312 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
313 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
314 Format: <a>,<b>
315 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
317 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
318 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
319 connected to one of 16 gameports
320 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
322 apc= [HW,SPARC]
323 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
324 Format: noidle
325 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
326 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
327 APC and your system crashes randomly.
329 apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
330 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
331 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
332 Change the amount of debugging information output
333 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
335 autoconf= [IPV6]
336 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
338 show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
339 Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
340 number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
341 to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
342 Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
343 The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
344 apic=verbose is specified.
345 Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
347 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
348 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
350 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
351 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
353 ataflop= [HW,M68k]
355 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
357 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
358 EzKey and similar keyboards
360 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
362 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
363 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
365 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
366 keyboards
368 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
369 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
371 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
372 Use software keyboard repeat
374 autotest [IA64]
376 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
377 Format: <io>,<mode>
379 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
380 Format: <io>,<mode>
381 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
383 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
384 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
385 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
386 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
388 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
389 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
390 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
391 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
393 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
394 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
395 no delay (0).
396 Format: integer
398 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
400 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
401 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
402 kernel args too.
403 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
404 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
406 bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
407 firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries
408 at a time.
410 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
412 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
413 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
414 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
415 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
416 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
417 This option provides an override for these situations.
419 capability.disable=
420 [SECURITY] Disable capabilities. This would normally
421 be used only if an alternative security model is to be
422 configured. Potentially dangerous and should only be
423 used if you are entirely sure of the consequences.
425 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
426 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
428 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
429 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
430 {Currently supported controllers - "memory"}
432 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
433 Format: { "0" | "1" }
434 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
435 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
436 any implied execute protection).
437 1 -- check protection requested by application.
438 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
439 Value can be changed at runtime via
440 /selinux/checkreqprot.
442 cio_ignore= [S390]
443 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
445 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
446 [Deprecated]
447 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
448 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
449 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
450 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
452 clocksource= Override the default clocksource
453 Format: <string>
454 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
455 with the name specified.
456 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
457 the platform:
458 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
459 [ACPI] acpi_pm
460 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
461 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
462 [AVR32] avr32
463 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc;
464 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
465 [MIPS] MIPS
466 [PARISC] cr16
467 [S390] tod
468 [SH] SuperH
469 [SPARC64] tick
470 [X86-64] hpet,tsc
472 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
473 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
474 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h for the valid bit
475 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
476 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
477 ones should be.
478 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
479 or using the feature without checking anything
480 will still see it. This just prevents it from
481 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
482 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
483 some critical bits.
485 cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
486 Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
487 when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
488 to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
489 a hypervisor.
490 Default: yes
492 code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
493 in an oops report.
494 Range: 0 - 8192
495 Default: 64
497 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
498 Format:
499 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
501 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
502 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
504 com90xx= [HW,NET]
505 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
506 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
508 condev= [HW,S390] console device
509 conmode=
511 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
513 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
515 ttyS<n>[,options]
516 ttyUSB0[,options]
517 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
518 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
519 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
520 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
521 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
523 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
524 information. See
525 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
526 alternative.
528 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
529 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
530 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
531 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
532 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
533 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
535 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
536 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
537 console=brl,ttyS0
538 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
540 consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
541 seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
542 disables the blank timer.
544 coredump_filter=
545 [KNL] Change the default value for
546 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
547 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
549 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
550 Format:
551 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
553 crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]]
554 [KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel'
555 upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical
556 memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel
557 image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset
558 is selected automatically. Check
559 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for further details.
561 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
562 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
563 in the running system. The syntax of range is
564 start-[end] where start and end are both
565 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
566 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for an example.
568 cs89x0_dma= [HW,NET]
569 Format: <dma>
571 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
572 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
574 dasd= [HW,NET]
575 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
577 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
578 (one device per port)
579 Format: <port#>,<type>
580 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
582 ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot
583 time. See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for
584 details.
586 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
588 debug_locks_verbose=
589 [KNL] verbose self-tests
590 Format=<0|1>
591 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
592 self-tests.
593 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
594 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
595 only useful to kernel developers.
597 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
599 no_debug_objects
600 [KNL] Disable object debugging
602 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
604 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
605 Format: <area>[,<node>]
606 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
608 default_hugepagesz=
609 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
610 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
611 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
612 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
613 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
614 if not specified.
616 dhash_entries= [KNL]
617 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
619 digi= [HW,SERIAL]
620 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
622 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
623 See drivers/char/README.epca and
624 Documentation/serial/digiepca.txt.
626 disable= [IPV6]
627 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
629 disable_ipv6= [IPV6]
630 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
632 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
633 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
634 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
635 entry later. This parameter disables that.
637 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
638 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
639 memory out of your available memory pool based on
640 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
641 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
643 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
644 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
645 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
647 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
648 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
650 dma_debug_entries=<number>
651 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
652 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
653 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
654 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
655 architectural default is too low.
657 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
658 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
659 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
660 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
661 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
662 driver later using sysfs.
664 dscc4.setup= [NET]
666 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
667 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
668 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
669 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
670 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
671 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
672 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8bit (mmio)
673 or 32bit (mmio32).
674 The options are the same as for ttyS, above.
676 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN]
677 earlyprintk=vga
678 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
679 earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
680 earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
682 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
683 takes over.
685 Only vga or serial or usb debug port at a time.
687 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
689 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
690 very good.
692 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
693 console.
695 ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging
696 ekgdboc=kbd
698 This is desgined to be used in conjunction with
699 the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga
701 edd= [EDD]
702 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
704 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
705 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
707 elanfreq= [X86-32]
708 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
709 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
711 elevator= [IOSCHED]
712 Format: {"cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
713 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
714 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
716 elfcorehdr= [IA64,PPC,SH,X86]
717 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
718 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
719 pass this option to capture kernel.
720 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
722 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
723 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
724 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
725 entry later. This parameter enables that.
727 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
728 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
729 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
730 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
731 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
733 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
734 Format: {"0" | "1"}
735 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
736 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
737 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
738 Default value is 0.
739 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
741 erst_disable [ACPI]
742 Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST)
743 support.
745 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
746 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
747 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
749 failslab=
750 fail_page_alloc=
751 fail_make_request=[KNL]
752 General fault injection mechanism.
753 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
754 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
756 floppy= [HW]
757 See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
759 force_pal_cache_flush
760 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
761 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
762 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
763 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
765 ftrace=[tracer]
766 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
767 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
768 boot debugging.
770 ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu]
771 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
772 If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump
773 buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will
774 dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the
775 oops.
777 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
778 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
779 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
780 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
781 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
782 tracing directory.
784 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
785 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
786 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
787 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
788 tracing directory.
790 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
791 [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
792 by the function graph tracer at boot up.
793 function-list is a comma separated list of functions
794 that can be changed at run time by the
795 set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
797 gamecon.map[2|3]=
798 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
799 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
800 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
801 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
803 gamma= [HW,DRM]
805 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
806 Format: off | on
807 default: on
809 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
810 kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
811 debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
812 When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
813 debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
815 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
816 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
818 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
819 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
820 for 64bit NUMA, off otherwise.
821 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
823 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
825 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
826 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
828 hest_disable [ACPI]
829 Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support;
830 corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
831 logic will be disabled.
833 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
834 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
835 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
836 size on bigger boxes.
838 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
839 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
840 Default: "on"
842 hisax= [HW,ISDN]
843 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
845 hlt [BUGS=ARM,SH]
847 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
848 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
849 verbose }
850 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
851 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
852 VIA, nVidia)
853 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
855 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
856 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
857 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
858 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
859 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
860 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
861 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag)
862 Note that 1GB pages can only be allocated at boot time
863 using hugepages= and not freed afterwards.
865 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
866 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
867 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
868 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
869 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
871 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
872 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
873 registered from board initialization code.
874 Format:
875 <bus_id>,<clkrate>
877 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
878 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
879 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
880 keyboard and cannot control its state
881 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
882 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
883 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
884 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
885 for the AUX port
886 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
887 controller
888 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
889 controllers
890 i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by conroller
891 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
892 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
894 i810= [HW,DRM]
896 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
897 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
898 hardware.
899 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
900 does not match list of supported models.
901 i8k.power_status
902 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
903 (disabled by default)
904 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
905 capability is set.
907 icn= [HW,ISDN]
908 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
910 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
911 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
912 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
913 .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
914 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
916 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
917 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
919 idle= [X86]
920 Format: idle=poll, idle=mwait, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
921 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
922 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
923 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
924 Not recommended.
925 idle=mwait: On systems which support MONITOR/MWAIT but
926 the kernel chose to not use it because it doesn't save
927 as much power as a normal idle loop, use the
928 MONITOR/MWAIT idle loop anyways. Performance should be
929 the same as idle=poll.
930 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
931 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
932 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
934 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
935 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
936 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
938 ihash_entries= [KNL]
939 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
941 ima_audit= [IMA]
942 Format: { "0" | "1" }
943 0 -- integrity auditing messages. (Default)
944 1 -- enable informational integrity auditing messages.
946 ima_hash= [IMA]
947 Format: { "sha1" | "md5" }
948 default: "sha1"
950 ima_tcb [IMA]
951 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
952 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
953 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
954 opened for read by uid=0.
956 init= [KNL]
957 Format: <full_path>
958 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
959 process.
961 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
962 for working out where the kernel is dying during
963 startup.
965 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
967 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
968 Format: <irq>
970 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
971 on
972 Enable intel iommu driver.
973 off
974 Disable intel iommu driver.
975 igfx_off [Default Off]
976 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
977 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
978 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
979 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
980 DMA.
981 forcedac [x86_64]
982 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
983 for io virtual address below 32 bit forcing dual
984 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
985 than 32 bit addressing. The default is to look
986 for translation below 32 bit and if not available
987 then look in the higher range.
988 strict [Default Off]
989 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
990 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
991 to batching them for performance.
993 intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU]
994 Format: { on (default) | off | nosid }
995 on enable Interrupt Remapping (default)
996 off disable Interrupt Remapping
997 nosid disable Source ID checking
999 inttest= [IA64]
1001 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
1002 strict regions from userspace.
1003 relaxed
1005 iommu= [x86]
1006 off
1007 force
1008 noforce
1009 biomerge
1010 panic
1011 nopanic
1012 merge
1013 nomerge
1014 forcesac
1015 soft
1016 pt [x86, IA64]
1018 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
1019 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
1020 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
1022 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
1023 0x80
1024 Standard port 0x80 based delay
1025 0xed
1026 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
1027 udelay
1028 Simple two microseconds delay
1029 none
1030 No delay
1032 ip= [IP_PNP]
1033 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1035 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
1036 See comment before ip2_setup() in
1037 drivers/char/ip2/ip2base.c.
1039 irqfixup [HW]
1040 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1041 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1042 firmware running.
1044 irqpoll [HW]
1045 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1046 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
1047 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1048 firmware running.
1050 isapnp= [ISAPNP]
1051 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
1053 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
1054 Format:
1055 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1056 or
1057 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1058 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
1059 or a mixture
1060 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
1062 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
1063 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
1064 algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
1065 "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
1066 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
1067 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1069 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
1070 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
1071 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
1072 suboptimal load balancer performance.
1074 iucv= [HW,NET]
1076 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
1077 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
1079 keepinitrd [HW,ARM]
1081 kernelcore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1082 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
1083 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
1084 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
1085 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
1086 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
1087 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
1088 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
1089 of kernelcore pages. The Movable zone is used for the
1090 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
1091 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
1092 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
1093 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1094 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1095 zone if it does not.
1097 kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port.
1098 Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval]
1099 The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug
1100 port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is
1101 optional and is the number seconds in between
1102 each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need
1103 the functionality for interrupting the kernel with
1104 gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
1105 not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
1106 the kernel debugger.
1108 kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles.
1109 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling,
1110 or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
1111 Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1112 keyboard only format: kbd
1113 keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]
1114 Optional Kernel mode setting:
1115 kms, kbd format: kms,kbd
1116 kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,<ser_dev>[,baud]
1118 kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the
1119 kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity.
1121 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1122 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1123 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1125 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
1126 Valid arguments: on, off
1127 Default: on
1129 kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
1130 in oops dumps.
1132 kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
1133 Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
1135 kvm.oos_shadow= [KVM] Disable out-of-sync shadow paging.
1136 Default is 1 (enabled)
1138 kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit
1139 KVM MMU at runtime.
1140 Default is 0 (off)
1142 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
1143 Default is 1 (enabled)
1145 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
1146 for all guests.
1147 Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64bit or 32bit-PAE mode
1149 kvm-intel.bypass_guest_pf=
1150 [KVM,Intel] Disables bypassing of guest page faults
1151 on Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1153 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
1154 (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
1155 Default is 1 (enabled)
1157 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
1158 [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
1159 Default is 0 (disabled)
1161 kvm-intel.flexpriority=
1162 [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
1163 Default is 1 (enabled)
1165 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
1166 [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
1167 (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
1168 Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1170 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
1171 feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
1172 Default is 1 (enabled)
1174 l2cr= [PPC]
1176 l3cr= [PPC]
1178 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
1179 disabled it.
1181 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
1182 in C2 power state.
1184 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1185 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1186 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1187 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
1188 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
1189 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1190 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
1192 libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
1193 libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default)
1194 libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk
1196 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1197 when set.
1198 Format: <int>
1200 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1201 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
1202 PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
1203 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1204 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1205 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1206 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1207 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1209 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1210 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1211 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1212 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1213 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1214 host link and device attached to it.
1216 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1217 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1218 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1219 The following configurations can be forced.
1221 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1222 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1224 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1226 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1227 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1228 allowed.
1230 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1232 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
1233 and both resets.
1235 * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data.
1237 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1238 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1240 memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages.
1242 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
1243 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1245 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1246 Format: <integer>
1248 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1249 Format: <integer>
1251 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1252 Format: <integer>
1254 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1255 Format: <integer>
1257 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
1258 Format: <irq>
1260 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
1261 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
1262 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
1263 loglevels are defined as follows:
1265 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
1266 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
1267 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
1268 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
1269 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
1270 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
1271 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
1272 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
1274 log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer,
1275 in bytes. n must be a power of two. The default
1276 size is set in the kernel config file.
1278 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
1279 This may be used to provide more screen space for
1280 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
1281 kernel boot problems.
1283 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
1284 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
1285 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
1286 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
1287 specified in addition to the ports) causes
1288 attached printers to be reset. Using
1289 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
1290 to associate lp devices with, starting with
1291 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
1292 that lp device, or a parport name such as
1293 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
1294 port specification list means that device IDs
1295 from each port should be examined, to see if
1296 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
1297 so, the driver will manage that printer.
1298 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
1300 lpj=n [KNL]
1301 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
1302 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
1303 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
1304 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
1305 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
1306 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
1307 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
1308 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
1309 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
1310 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
1311 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
1312 hardware.
1314 ltpc= [NET]
1315 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1317 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
1318 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
1319 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
1321 machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
1322 yeeloong laptop.
1323 Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
1325 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
1326 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
1328 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1329 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
1330 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
1331 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
1332 the IO APIC.
1334 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
1335 be mounted
1336 Format: <1-256>
1338 mcatest= [IA-64]
1340 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1342 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
1344 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
1345 See Documentation/md.txt.
1347 mdacon= [MDA]
1348 Format: <first>,<last>
1349 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
1351 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
1352 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
1353 to see the whole system memory or for test.
1354 [X86-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
1355 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
1356 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
1358 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
1359 memory.
1361 memchunk=nn[KMG]
1362 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
1363 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
1365 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
1366 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
1367 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
1368 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
1369 option description.
1371 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
1372 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
1373 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1375 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
1376 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
1377 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1379 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
1380 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
1381 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
1382 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
1383 memmap=64K$0x18690000
1384 or
1385 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
1387 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
1388 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
1389 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
1390 Setting this option will scan the memory
1391 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
1392 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
1393 from using the memory being corrupted.
1394 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
1395 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
1396 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
1397 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
1399 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
1400 By default it checks for corruption in the low
1401 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
1402 use. Use this parameter to scan for
1403 corruption in more or less memory.
1405 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
1406 By default it checks for corruption every 60
1407 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
1408 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
1410 memtest= [KNL,X86] Enable memtest
1411 Format: <integer>
1412 default : 0 <disable>
1413 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
1414 performed. Each pass selects another test
1415 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
1416 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
1417 memory contents and reserves bad memory
1418 regions that are detected.
1420 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
1421 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
1423 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
1424 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
1425 platforms.
1427 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
1428 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
1429 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
1430 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
1432 mga= [HW,DRM]
1434 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
1435 physical address is ignored.
1437 mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL]
1438 Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
1439 Default: "0tb"
1440 MINI2440 configuration specification:
1441 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
1442 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
1443 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
1444 Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
1445 the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
1446 unconfigured.
1447 b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
1448 linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
1449 LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
1450 VGA shield.
1451 c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
1452 t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
1453 touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
1454 kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
1455 in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
1456 http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
1458 mminit_loglevel=
1459 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
1460 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
1461 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
1462 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
1463 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
1464 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
1466 mousedev.tap_time=
1467 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
1468 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
1469 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
1470 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
1471 Format: <msecs>
1472 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
1473 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1474 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1475 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1477 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
1478 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
1479 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
1480 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
1481 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
1482 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
1483 is specified, the administrator must be careful
1484 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
1485 is not too small.
1487 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1488 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1490 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1491 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1493 mtdparts= [MTD]
1494 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
1496 multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
1497 firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries
1498 at a time.
1500 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
1502 Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
1504 boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
1505 The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
1506 lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
1507 Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
1508 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
1510 mtdset= [ARM]
1511 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
1513 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
1515 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1516 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1517 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1519 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1520 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
1521 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
1523 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
1524 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
1525 Default is 1.
1526 Large value could prevent small alignment from
1527 using up MTRRs.
1529 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
1530 Format: <integer>
1531 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
1532 Default : 1
1533 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
1534 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
1536 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1538 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1539 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1540 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1541 something different and driver-specific.
1542 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1543 file if at all.
1545 nf_conntrack.acct=
1546 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
1547 0 to disable accounting
1548 1 to enable accounting
1549 Default value is 0.
1551 nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead.
1552 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1554 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1555 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1557 nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages.
1558 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1560 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1561 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1562 channel should listen.
1564 nfs.cache_getent=
1565 [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
1566 to update the NFS client cache entries.
1568 nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
1569 [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
1570 update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
1572 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1573 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1574 entries.
1576 nfs.enable_ino64=
1577 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
1578 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
1579 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
1580 of returning the full 64-bit number.
1581 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
1583 nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
1584 [NFSv4] When set, this option disables the NFSv4
1585 idmapper on the client, but only if the mount
1586 is using the 'sec=sys' security flavour. This may
1587 make migration from legacy NFSv2/v3 systems easier
1588 provided that the server has the appropriate support.
1589 The default is to always enable NFSv4 idmapping.
1591 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
1592 when a NMI is triggered.
1593 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
1595 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1596 Format: [panic,][num]
1597 Valid num: 0
1598 0 - turn nmi_watchdog off
1599 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
1600 timeout occurs.
1601 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
1602 need the box quickly up again.
1604 netpoll.carrier_timeout=
1605 [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
1606 netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
1607 waits 4 seconds.
1609 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1610 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1611 is present.
1613 no_console_suspend
1614 [HW] Never suspend the console
1615 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
1616 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
1617 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
1618 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
1619 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
1620 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
1621 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
1623 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
1624 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
1625 but will impact performance.
1627 noalign [KNL,ARM]
1629 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1630 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1632 noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation.
1634 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1635 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1637 nocache [ARM]
1639 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
1641 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1643 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1645 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
1647 noefi [X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
1649 noexec [IA-64]
1651 noexec [X86]
1652 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
1653 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1654 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
1656 noexec32 [X86-64]
1657 This affects only 32-bit executables.
1658 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1659 read doesn't imply executable mappings
1660 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
1661 read implies executable mappings
1663 nofpu [SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
1665 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1666 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1667 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1669 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
1670 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
1671 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
1673 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
1674 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1675 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
1677 no-hlt [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1678 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1679 use it.
1681 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
1682 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
1683 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
1685 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1686 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1687 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1688 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1689 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1690 real-time systems.
1692 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1693 Valid arguments: on, off
1694 Default: on
1696 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
1698 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1699 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1701 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1702 broken timer IRQ sources.
1704 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1706 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1707 initial RAM disk.
1709 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
1710 remapping.
1711 [Deprecated - use intremap=off]
1713 nointroute [IA-64]
1715 nojitter [IA64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
1717 no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
1719 no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
1720 fault handling.
1722 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1724 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1726 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1727 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1729 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1731 nomce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
1733 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
1734 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
1736 nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
1737 pagetables) support.
1739 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
1740 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1742 noreplace-paravirt [X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
1744 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
1745 with UP alternatives
1747 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1749 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1750 space.
1752 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1753 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1754 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1756 nosbagart [IA-64]
1758 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1760 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
1761 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
1763 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
1765 noswapaccount [KNL] Disable accounting of swap in memory resource
1766 controller. (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
1768 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1770 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1772 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1774 nowatchdog [KNL] Disable the lockup detector (NMI watchdog).
1776 nowb [ARM]
1778 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
1780 nptcg= [IA64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
1781 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
1782 SAL PALO.
1784 nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
1785 could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
1786 supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
1787 use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
1788 just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
1790 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1792 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
1793 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
1794 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
1795 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
1797 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
1798 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
1799 info.
1801 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
1802 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
1803 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
1804 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
1805 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
1806 interrupts *may* be lost!
1808 omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
1809 Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
1810 For example, to override I2C bus2:
1811 omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
1813 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1814 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1816 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
1817 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
1818 userland or if you want common events.
1819 Format: { arch_perfmon }
1820 arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
1821 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
1822 CPU specific event set.
1824 OSS [HW,OSS]
1825 See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt
1827 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1828 Format: <timeout>
1830 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1831 connected to, default is 0.
1832 Format: <parport#>
1833 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1834 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1835 Format: <mode>
1837 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1838 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1839 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1840 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1841 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1842 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1843 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1844 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1845 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1846 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1847 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1848 are specified on the command line, starting
1849 with parport0.
1851 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1852 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1853 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1854 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1855 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1856 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1857 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1859 pause_on_oops=
1860 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1861 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1862 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1864 pcbit= [HW,ISDN]
1866 pcd. [PARIDE]
1867 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1868 See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
1870 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1871 earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
1872 changes anything
1873 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
1874 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1875 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1876 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1877 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1878 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1879 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1880 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1881 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1882 Mechanism 1.
1883 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
1884 Mechanism 2.
1885 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
1886 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1887 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
1888 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
1889 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
1890 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1891 Configuration
1892 check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
1893 properly configured MMIO access to PCI
1894 config space on AMD family 10h CPU
1895 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1896 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1897 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1898 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
1899 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
1900 should never be necessary.
1901 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
1902 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
1903 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
1904 when the system masks IRQs.
1905 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
1906 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
1907 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
1908 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
1909 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1910 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1911 on several machines and they hang the machine
1912 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1913 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1914 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1915 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1916 motherboard.
1917 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1918 Use with caution as certain devices share
1919 address decoders between ROMs and other
1920 resources.
1921 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
1922 expansion ROMs that do not already have
1923 BIOS assigned address ranges.
1924 nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the
1925 BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
1926 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1927 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1928 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1929 this way.
1930 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
1931 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1932 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1933 F0000h-100000h range.
1934 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1935 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1936 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1937 explicitly which ones they are.
1938 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
1939 numbers ourselves, overriding
1940 whatever the firmware may have done.
1941 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1942 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1943 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1944 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1945 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1946 IRQ routing is enabled.
1947 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1948 or for PCI scanning.
1949 use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
1950 from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
1951 is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
1952 please report a bug.
1953 nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
1954 If you need to use this, please report a bug.
1955 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1956 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1957 so this option is a temporary workaround
1958 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1959 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
1960 handle more pci cards
1961 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1962 just use the configuration from the
1963 bootloader. This is currently used on
1964 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1965 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1966 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1967 This might help on some broken boards which
1968 machine check when some devices' config space
1969 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1970 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1971 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1972 This sorting is done to get a device
1973 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1974 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1975 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1976 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1977 The default value is 256 bytes.
1978 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1979 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1980 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1981 resource_alignment=
1982 Format:
1983 [<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
1984 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
1985 aligned memory resources.
1986 If <order of align> is not specified,
1987 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
1988 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
1989 windows need to be expanded.
1990 ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
1991 end-to-end CRC checking).
1992 bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
1993 the default.
1994 off: Turn ECRC off
1995 on: Turn ECRC on.
1997 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
1998 Management.
1999 off Disable ASPM.
2000 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
2001 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
2003 pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling:
2004 auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services
2005 associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use
2006 them only if that is allowed by the BIOS.
2007 native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports
2008 unconditionally.
2009 compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe
2010 ports driver.
2012 pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
2013 nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
2014 all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
2016 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
2018 pd. [PARIDE]
2019 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2021 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
2022 boot time.
2023 Format: { 0 | 1 }
2024 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
2026 percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
2027 Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
2028 Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
2029 See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
2030 allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
2031 and performance comparison.
2033 pf. [PARIDE]
2034 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2036 pg. [PARIDE]
2037 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2039 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
2040 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
2042 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
2043 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
2044 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
2046 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
2047 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
2048 e.g. pmtmr=0x508
2050 pnp.debug [PNP]
2051 Enable PNP debug messages. This depends on the
2052 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option.
2054 pnpacpi= [ACPI]
2055 { off }
2057 pnpbios= [ISAPNP]
2058 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
2060 pnp_reserve_irq=
2061 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
2063 pnp_reserve_dma=
2064 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
2066 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
2067 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
2069 pnp_reserve_mem=
2070 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
2071 autoconfiguration.
2072 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
2074 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
2075 Default is 21.
2076 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
2077 may be specified.
2078 Format: <port>,<port>....
2080 print-fatal-signals=
2081 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
2083 If enabled, warn about various signal handling
2084 related application anomalies: too many signals,
2085 too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
2086 coredump - etc.
2088 If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
2089 you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
2091 default: off.
2093 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
2094 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
2096 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
2097 Limit processor to maximum C-state
2098 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
2100 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
2101 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
2102 instead using the legacy FADT method
2104 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
2105 Format: [schedule,]<number>
2106 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
2107 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
2108 statistical time based profiling.
2109 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
2110 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
2111 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
2113 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
2114 before loading.
2115 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2117 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
2118 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
2119 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
2120 per second.
2121 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
2122 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
2123 (0 = never).
2124 psmouse.resolution=
2125 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
2126 psmouse.smartscroll=
2127 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
2128 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
2130 pt. [PARIDE]
2131 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2133 pty.legacy_count=
2134 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
2135 default number.
2137 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
2139 r128= [HW,DRM]
2141 raid= [HW,RAID]
2142 See Documentation/md.txt.
2144 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
2145 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2147 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
2148 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
2150 rcupdate.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
2151 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
2152 in one batch.
2154 rcupdate.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
2155 Set threshold of queued
2156 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
2158 rcupdate.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
2159 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
2160 batch limiting is re-enabled.
2162 rdinit= [KNL]
2163 Format: <full_path>
2164 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
2165 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
2167 reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
2168 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
2169 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
2171 relax_domain_level=
2172 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
2173 See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
2175 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
2177 reservetop= [X86-32]
2178 Format: nn[KMG]
2179 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
2180 address space.
2182 reservelow= [X86]
2183 Format: nn[K]
2184 Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
2185 the bottom of the address space.
2187 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
2188 during initialization.
2190 resume= [SWSUSP]
2191 Specify the partition device for software suspend
2193 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
2194 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
2195 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
2196 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
2197 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
2199 hibernate= [HIBERNATION]
2200 noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image
2201 present during boot.
2202 nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
2204 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
2206 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2207 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
2209 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
2210 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
2212 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
2214 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
2216 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
2217 mount the root filesystem
2219 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
2221 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
2223 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
2224 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
2225 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
2227 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
2229 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
2231 sa1100ir [NET]
2232 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
2234 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
2236 sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
2238 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
2239 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
2240 security module asking for security registration will be
2241 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
2242 as if no module has been chosen.
2244 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
2245 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2246 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
2247 0 -- disable.
2248 1 -- enable.
2249 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2250 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
2251 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
2253 apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
2254 Format: { "0" | "1" }
2255 See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
2256 0 -- disable.
2257 1 -- enable.
2258 Default value is set via kernel config option.
2260 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
2262 shapers= [NET]
2263 Maximal number of shapers.
2265 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
2266 Format: { <integer> }
2267 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
2268 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
2269 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
2271 simeth= [IA-64]
2272 simscsi=
2274 slram= [HW,MTD]
2276 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
2277 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
2278 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
2279 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
2280 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
2281 last alloc / free. For more information see
2282 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2284 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
2285 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
2286 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
2287 fragmentation. For more information see
2288 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2290 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
2291 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
2292 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
2293 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
2294 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
2295 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
2296 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
2297 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2299 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
2300 Determines the mininum page order for slabs. Must be
2301 lower than slub_max_order.
2302 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2304 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
2305 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
2306 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
2307 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
2308 merging on their own.
2309 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
2311 smart2= [HW]
2312 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
2314 smp-alt-once [X86-32,SMP] On a hotplug CPU system, only
2315 attempt to substitute SMP alternatives once at boot.
2317 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
2318 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
2319 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
2320 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
2321 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
2322 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
2323 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
2324 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
2325 1: Fast pin select (default)
2326 2: ATC IRMode
2328 softlockup_panic=
2329 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
2331 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
2332 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
2334 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
2335 See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
2337 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
2338 spia_fio_base=
2339 spia_pedr=
2340 spia_peddr=
2342 stacktrace [FTRACE]
2343 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
2345 sti= [PARISC,HW]
2346 Format: <num>
2347 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
2348 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
2349 as the initial boot-console.
2350 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2352 sti_font= [HW]
2353 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
2355 stifb= [HW]
2356 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
2358 sunrpc.min_resvport=
2359 sunrpc.max_resvport=
2360 [NFS,SUNRPC]
2361 SunRPC servers often require that client requests
2362 originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
2363 range 0 < portnr < 1024).
2364 An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
2365 ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
2366 kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
2367 using these two parameters to set the minimum and
2368 maximum port values.
2370 sunrpc.pool_mode=
2371 [NFS]
2372 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
2373 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
2374 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
2375 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
2376 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
2377 NFS server is running.
2379 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
2380 automatically using heuristics
2381 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
2382 percpu one pool for each CPU
2383 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
2384 to global on non-NUMA machines)
2386 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
2387 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
2388 [NFS,SUNRPC]
2389 Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
2390 RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
2391 server. Increasing these values may allow you to
2392 improve throughput, but will also increase the
2393 amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
2395 swapaccount[=0|1]
2396 [KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource
2397 controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable
2398 it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
2400 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
2402 switches= [HW,M68k]
2404 sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL]
2405 Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev
2406 on older distributions. When this option is enabled
2407 very new udev will not work anymore. When this option
2408 is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled)
2409 in older udev will not work anymore.
2410 Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in
2411 the kernel configuration.
2413 sysrq_always_enabled
2414 [KNL]
2415 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
2416 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
2417 Useful for debugging.
2419 tdfx= [HW,DRM]
2421 test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
2422 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
2423 standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
2424 enter during system startup. The system is woken from
2425 this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
2427 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2428 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
2430 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
2431 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
2432 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
2434 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
2435 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
2436 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
2438 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
2439 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
2440 critical and hot trip points.
2442 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
2443 1: disable ACPI thermal control
2445 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
2446 -1: disable all passive trip points
2447 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
2448 value
2450 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
2451 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
2452 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
2453 0: no polling (default)
2455 topology= [S390]
2456 Format: {off | on}
2457 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
2458 topology informations if the hardware supports these.
2459 The scheduler will make use of these informations and
2460 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
2461 Default is on.
2463 tp720= [HW,PS2]
2465 tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
2466 Format: integer pcr id
2467 Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
2468 should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
2469 as a workaround for some chips which fail to
2470 flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
2471 This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
2472 are saved.
2474 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
2475 [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size.
2477 trace_event=[event-list]
2478 [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
2479 to facilitate early boot debugging.
2480 See also Documentation/trace/events.txt
2482 tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC.
2483 Format: <string>
2484 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
2485 disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well
2486 as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable
2487 high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
2488 virtualized environment.
2489 [x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting.
2490 Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
2491 platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
2492 can add overhead.
2494 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
2495 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
2496 Format:
2497 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
2498 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
2500 uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
2501 Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
2503 uhci-hcd.ignore_oc=
2504 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
2505 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
2506 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
2507 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
2508 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
2509 reported either.
2511 unknown_nmi_panic
2512 [X86]
2513 Set unknown_nmi_panic=1 early on boot.
2515 usbcore.autosuspend=
2516 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
2517 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
2518 is the time required before an idle device will be
2519 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
2520 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
2522 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
2523 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
2525 usbcore.blinkenlights=
2526 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
2528 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
2529 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
2530 scheme (default 0 = off).
2532 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
2533 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
2534 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
2536 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
2537 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
2538 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
2539 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
2541 usbhid.mousepoll=
2542 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
2544 usb-storage.delay_use=
2545 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
2546 scanned for Logical Units (default 5).
2548 usb-storage.quirks=
2549 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
2550 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
2551 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
2552 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
2553 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
2554 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
2555 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
2556 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
2557 of sense data);
2558 b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
2559 bytes of sense data);
2560 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
2561 device capacity by one sector);
2562 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
2563 reported device capacity by one
2564 sector if the number is odd);
2565 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
2566 device);
2567 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
2568 unlock ejectable media);
2569 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
2570 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
2571 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
2572 reported by the device);
2573 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
2574 bogus residue values);
2575 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
2576 Logical Unit);
2577 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
2578 medium is write-protected).
2579 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
2581 userpte=
2582 [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations.
2584 nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in
2585 HIGHMEM regardless of setting
2586 of CONFIG_HIGHPTE.
2588 vdso= [X86,SH]
2589 vdso=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2590 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
2591 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
2593 vdso32= [X86]
2594 vdso32=2: enable compat VDSO (default with COMPAT_VDSO)
2595 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO (default)
2596 vdso32=0: disable 32-bit VDSO mapping
2598 vector= [IA-64,SMP]
2599 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
2601 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
2602 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
2604 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
2605 See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
2606 Documentation/svga.txt.
2607 Use vga=ask for menu.
2608 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
2609 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
2611 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
2612 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
2613 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
2614 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
2615 mapped kernel RAM.
2617 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
2618 Format: <command>
2620 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
2621 Format: <command>
2623 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
2624 Format: <command>
2626 vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape.
2627 Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
2628 the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
2629 see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
2631 vt.default_blu= [VT]
2632 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
2633 Change the default blue palette of the console.
2634 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2635 ranging from 0-255.
2637 vt.default_grn= [VT]
2638 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
2639 Change the default green palette of the console.
2640 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2641 ranging from 0-255.
2643 vt.default_red= [VT]
2644 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
2645 Change the default red palette of the console.
2646 This is a 16-member array composed of values
2647 ranging from 0-255.
2649 vt.default_utf8=
2650 [VT]
2651 Format=<0|1>
2652 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
2653 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
2654 newly opened terminals.
2656 vt.global_cursor_default=
2657 [VT]
2658 Format=<-1|0|1>
2659 Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
2660 is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
2661 i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
2662 overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
2663 cursors, 1 will display them.
2665 watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers,
2666 see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt
2667 or other driver-specific files in the
2668 Documentation/watchdog/ directory.
2670 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
2671 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
2672 supporting x2apic.
2674 x86_mrst_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
2675 Choose timer option for x86 Moorestown MID platform.
2676 Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer
2677 plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer.
2678 x86_mrst_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt
2680 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
2681 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
2683 xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN]
2684 Unplug Xen emulated devices
2685 Format: [unplug0,][unplug1]
2686 ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices
2687 aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices
2688 nics -- unplug network devices
2689 all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks)
2690 unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is
2691 unnecessary even if the host did not respond to
2692 the unplug protocol
2693 never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds
2695 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
2696 Format:
2697 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
2699 ______________________________________________________________________
2701 TODO:
2703 Add more DRM drivers.