init/main.c

   1 /*
   2  *  linux/init/main.c
   3  *
   4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
   5  *
   6  *  GK 2/5/95  -  Changed to support mounting root fs via NFS
   7  *  Added initrd & change_root: Werner Almesberger & Hans Lermen, Feb '96
   8  *  Moan early if gcc is old, avoiding bogus kernels - Paul Gortmaker, May '96
   9  *  Simplified starting of init:  Michael A. Griffith <grif@acm.org>
  10  */
  11
  12 #include <linux/types.h>
  13 #include <linux/module.h>
  14 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
  15 #include <linux/kernel.h>
  16 #include <linux/syscalls.h>
  17 #include <linux/string.h>
  18 #include <linux/ctype.h>
  19 #include <linux/delay.h>
  20 #include <linux/utsname.h>
  21 #include <linux/ioport.h>
  22 #include <linux/init.h>
  23 #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
  24 #include <linux/initrd.h>
  25 #include <linux/hdreg.h>
  26 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
  27 #include <linux/tty.h>
  28 #include <linux/gfp.h>
  29 #include <linux/percpu.h>
  30 #include <linux/kmod.h>
  31 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
  32 #include <linux/start_kernel.h>
  33 #include <linux/security.h>
  34 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
  35 #include <linux/profile.h>
  36 #include <linux/rcupdate.h>
  37 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
  38 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
  39 #include <linux/writeback.h>
  40 #include <linux/cpu.h>
  41 #include <linux/cpuset.h>
  42 #include <linux/efi.h>
  43 #include <linux/tick.h>
  44 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
  45 #include <linux/taskstats_kern.h>
  46 #include <linux/delayacct.h>
  47 #include <linux/unistd.h>
  48 #include <linux/rmap.h>
  49 #include <linux/mempolicy.h>
  50 #include <linux/key.h>
  51 #include <linux/unwind.h>
  52 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
  53 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
  54 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
  55 #include <linux/pid_namespace.h>
  56 #include <linux/device.h>
  57 #include <linux/kthread.h>
  58
  59 #include <asm/io.h>
  60 #include <asm/bugs.h>
  61 #include <asm/setup.h>
  62 #include <asm/sections.h>
  63 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
  64
  65 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
  66 #include <asm/smp.h>
  67 #endif
  68
  69 /*
  70  * This is one of the first .c files built. Error out early if we have compiler
  71  * trouble.
  72  *
  73  * Versions of gcc older than that listed below may actually compile and link
  74  * okay, but the end product can have subtle run time bugs.  To avoid associated
  75  * bogus bug reports, we flatly refuse to compile with a gcc that is known to be
  76  * too old from the very beginning.
  77  */
  78 #if (__GNUC__ < 3) || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
  79 #error Sorry, your GCC is too old. It builds incorrect kernels.
  80 #endif
  81
  82 #if __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 1 && __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ == 0
  83 #warning gcc-4.1.0 is known to miscompile the kernel.  A different compiler version is recommended.
  84 #endif
  85
  86 static int kernel_init(void *);
  87
  88 extern void init_IRQ(void);
  89 extern void fork_init(unsigned long);
  90 extern void mca_init(void);
  91 extern void sbus_init(void);
  92 extern void signals_init(void);
  93 extern void pidhash_init(void);
  94 extern void pidmap_init(void);
  95 extern void prio_tree_init(void);
  96 extern void radix_tree_init(void);
  97 extern void free_initmem(void);
  98 #ifdef  CONFIG_ACPI
  99 extern void acpi_early_init(void);
 100 #else
 101 static inline void acpi_early_init(void) { }
 102 #endif
 103 #ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
 104 static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) { }
 105 #endif
 106
 107 #ifdef CONFIG_TC
 108 extern void tc_init(void);
 109 #endif
 110
 111 enum system_states system_state;
 112 EXPORT_SYMBOL(system_state);
 113
 114 /*
 115  * Boot command-line arguments
 116  */
 117 #define MAX_INIT_ARGS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
 118 #define MAX_INIT_ENVS CONFIG_INIT_ENV_ARG_LIMIT
 119
 120 extern void time_init(void);
 121 /* Default late time init is NULL. archs can override this later. */
 122 void (*late_time_init)(void);
 123 extern void softirq_init(void);
 124
 125 /* Untouched command line saved by arch-specific code. */
 126 char __initdata boot_command_line[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
 127 /* Untouched saved command line (eg. for /proc) */
 128 char *saved_command_line;
 129 /* Command line for parameter parsing */
 130 static char *static_command_line;
 131
 132 static char *execute_command;
 133 static char *ramdisk_execute_command;
 134
 135 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 136 /* Setup configured maximum number of CPUs to activate */
 137 static unsigned int __initdata max_cpus = NR_CPUS;
 138
 139 /*
 140  * Setup routine for controlling SMP activation
 141  *
 142  * Command-line option of "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
 143  * activation entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
 144  *
 145  * Command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM> is an integer
 146  * greater than 0, limits the maximum number of CPUs activated in
 147  * SMP mode to <NUM>.
 148  */
 149 #ifndef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
 150 static inline void disable_ioapic_setup(void) {};
 151 #endif
 152
 153 static int __init nosmp(char *str)
 154 {
 155         max_cpus = 0;
 156         disable_ioapic_setup();
 157         return 0;
 158 }
 159
 160 early_param("nosmp", nosmp);
 161
 162 static int __init maxcpus(char *str)
 163 {
 164         get_option(&str, &max_cpus);
 165         if (max_cpus == 0)
 166                 disable_ioapic_setup();
 167
 168         return 0;
 169 }
 170
 171 early_param("maxcpus=", maxcpus);
 172 #else
 173 #define max_cpus NR_CPUS
 174 #endif
 175
 176 /*
 177  * If set, this is an indication to the drivers that reset the underlying
 178  * device before going ahead with the initialization otherwise driver might
 179  * rely on the BIOS and skip the reset operation.
 180  *
 181  * This is useful if kernel is booting in an unreliable environment.
 182  * For ex. kdump situaiton where previous kernel has crashed, BIOS has been
 183  * skipped and devices will be in unknown state.
 184  */
 185 unsigned int reset_devices;
 186 EXPORT_SYMBOL(reset_devices);
 187
 188 static int __init set_reset_devices(char *str)
 189 {
 190         reset_devices = 1;
 191         return 1;
 192 }
 193
 194 __setup("reset_devices", set_reset_devices);
 195
 196 static char * argv_init[MAX_INIT_ARGS+2] = { "init", NULL, };
 197 char * envp_init[MAX_INIT_ENVS+2] = { "HOME=/", "TERM=linux", NULL, };
 198 static const char *panic_later, *panic_param;
 199
 200 extern struct obs_kernel_param __setup_start[], __setup_end[];
 201
 202 static int __init obsolete_checksetup(char *line)
 203 {
 204         struct obs_kernel_param *p;
 205         int had_early_param = 0;
 206
 207         p = __setup_start;
 208         do {
 209                 int n = strlen(p->str);
 210                 if (!strncmp(line, p->str, n)) {
 211                         if (p->early) {
 212                                 /* Already done in parse_early_param?
 213                                  * (Needs exact match on param part).
 214                                  * Keep iterating, as we can have early
 215                                  * params and __setups of same names 8( */
 216                                 if (line[n] == '\0' || line[n] == '=')
 217                                         had_early_param = 1;
 218                         } else if (!p->setup_func) {
 219                                 printk(KERN_WARNING "Parameter %s is obsolete,"
 220                                        " ignored\n", p->str);
 221                                 return 1;
 222                         } else if (p->setup_func(line + n))
 223                                 return 1;
 224                 }
 225                 p++;
 226         } while (p < __setup_end);
 227
 228         return had_early_param;
 229 }
 230
 231 /*
 232  * This should be approx 2 Bo*oMips to start (note initial shift), and will
 233  * still work even if initially too large, it will just take slightly longer
 234  */
 235 unsigned long loops_per_jiffy = (1<<12);
 236
 237 EXPORT_SYMBOL(loops_per_jiffy);
 238
 239 static int __init debug_kernel(char *str)
 240 {
 241         if (*str)
 242                 return 0;
 243         console_loglevel = 10;
 244         return 1;
 245 }
 246
 247 static int __init quiet_kernel(char *str)
 248 {
 249         if (*str)
 250                 return 0;
 251         console_loglevel = 4;
 252         return 1;
 253 }
 254
 255 __setup("debug", debug_kernel);
 256 __setup("quiet", quiet_kernel);
 257
 258 static int __init loglevel(char *str)
 259 {
 260         get_option(&str, &console_loglevel);
 261         return 1;
 262 }
 263
 264 __setup("loglevel=", loglevel);
 265
 266 /*
 267  * Unknown boot options get handed to init, unless they look like
 268  * failed parameters
 269  */
 270 static int __init unknown_bootoption(char *param, char *val)
 271 {
 272         /* Change NUL term back to "=", to make "param" the whole string. */
 273         if (val) {
 274                 /* param=val or param="val"? */
 275                 if (val == param+strlen(param)+1)
 276                         val[-1] = '=';
 277                 else if (val == param+strlen(param)+2) {
 278                         val[-2] = '=';
 279                         memmove(val-1, val, strlen(val)+1);
 280                         val--;
 281                 } else
 282                         BUG();
 283         }
 284
 285         /* Handle obsolete-style parameters */
 286         if (obsolete_checksetup(param))
 287                 return 0;
 288
 289         /*
 290          * Preemptive maintenance for "why didn't my mispelled command
 291          * line work?"
 292          */
 293         if (strchr(param, '.') && (!val || strchr(param, '.') < val)) {
 294                 printk(KERN_ERR "Unknown boot option `%s': ignoring\n", param);
 295                 return 0;
 296         }
 297
 298         if (panic_later)
 299                 return 0;
 300
 301         if (val) {
 302                 /* Environment option */
 303                 unsigned int i;
 304                 for (i = 0; envp_init[i]; i++) {
 305                         if (i == MAX_INIT_ENVS) {
 306                                 panic_later = "Too many boot env vars at `%s'";
 307                                 panic_param = param;
 308                         }
 309                         if (!strncmp(param, envp_init[i], val - param))
 310                                 break;
 311                 }
 312                 envp_init[i] = param;
 313         } else {
 314                 /* Command line option */
 315                 unsigned int i;
 316                 for (i = 0; argv_init[i]; i++) {
 317                         if (i == MAX_INIT_ARGS) {
 318                                 panic_later = "Too many boot init vars at `%s'";
 319                                 panic_param = param;
 320                         }
 321                 }
 322                 argv_init[i] = param;
 323         }
 324         return 0;
 325 }
 326
 327 static int __init init_setup(char *str)
 328 {
 329         unsigned int i;
 330
 331         execute_command = str;
 332         /*
 333          * In case LILO is going to boot us with default command line,
 334          * it prepends "auto" before the whole cmdline which makes
 335          * the shell think it should execute a script with such name.
 336          * So we ignore all arguments entered _before_ init=... [MJ]
 337          */
 338         for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
 339                 argv_init[i] = NULL;
 340         return 1;
 341 }
 342 __setup("init=", init_setup);
 343
 344 static int __init rdinit_setup(char *str)
 345 {
 346         unsigned int i;
 347
 348         ramdisk_execute_command = str;
 349         /* See "auto" comment in init_setup */
 350         for (i = 1; i < MAX_INIT_ARGS; i++)
 351                 argv_init[i] = NULL;
 352         return 1;
 353 }
 354 __setup("rdinit=", rdinit_setup);
 355
 356 #ifndef CONFIG_SMP
 357
 358 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC
 359 static void __init smp_init(void)
 360 {
 361         APIC_init_uniprocessor();
 362 }
 363 #else
 364 #define smp_init()      do { } while (0)
 365 #endif
 366
 367 static inline void setup_per_cpu_areas(void) { }
 368 static inline void smp_prepare_cpus(unsigned int maxcpus) { }
 369
 370 #else
 371
 372 #ifdef __GENERIC_PER_CPU
 373 unsigned long __per_cpu_offset[NR_CPUS] __read_mostly;
 374
 375 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__per_cpu_offset);
 376
 377 static void __init setup_per_cpu_areas(void)
 378 {
 379         unsigned long size, i;
 380         char *ptr;
 381         unsigned long nr_possible_cpus = num_possible_cpus();
 382
 383         /* Copy section for each CPU (we discard the original) */
 384         size = ALIGN(PERCPU_ENOUGH_ROOM, PAGE_SIZE);
 385         ptr = alloc_bootmem_pages(size * nr_possible_cpus);
 386
 387         for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
 388                 __per_cpu_offset[i] = ptr - __per_cpu_start;
 389                 memcpy(ptr, __per_cpu_start, __per_cpu_end - __per_cpu_start);
 390                 ptr += size;
 391         }
 392 }
 393 #endif /* !__GENERIC_PER_CPU */
 394
 395 /* Called by boot processor to activate the rest. */
 396 static void __init smp_init(void)
 397 {
 398         unsigned int cpu;
 399
 400 #ifndef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
 401         cpu_possible_map = cpu_present_map;
 402 #endif
 403
 404         /* FIXME: This should be done in userspace --RR */
 405         for_each_present_cpu(cpu) {
 406                 if (num_online_cpus() >= max_cpus)
 407                         break;
 408                 if (!cpu_online(cpu))
 409                         cpu_up(cpu);
 410         }
 411
 412         /* Any cleanup work */
 413         printk(KERN_INFO "Brought up %ld CPUs\n", (long)num_online_cpus());
 414         smp_cpus_done(max_cpus);
 415 }
 416
 417 #endif
 418
 419 /*
 420  * We need to store the untouched command line for future reference.
 421  * We also need to store the touched command line since the parameter
 422  * parsing is performed in place, and we should allow a component to
 423  * store reference of name/value for future reference.
 424  */
 425 static void __init setup_command_line(char *command_line)
 426 {
 427         saved_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (boot_command_line)+1);
 428         static_command_line = alloc_bootmem(strlen (command_line)+1);
 429         strcpy (saved_command_line, boot_command_line);
 430         strcpy (static_command_line, command_line);
 431 }
 432
 433 /*
 434  * We need to finalize in a non-__init function or else race conditions
 435  * between the root thread and the init thread may cause start_kernel to
 436  * be reaped by free_initmem before the root thread has proceeded to
 437  * cpu_idle.
 438  *
 439  * gcc-3.4 accidentally inlines this function, so use noinline.
 440  */
 441
 442 static void noinline __init_refok rest_init(void)
 443         __releases(kernel_lock)
 444 {
 445         int pid;
 446
 447         kernel_thread(kernel_init, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_SIGHAND);
 448         numa_default_policy();
 449         pid = kernel_thread(kthreadd, NULL, CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES);
 450         kthreadd_task = find_task_by_pid(pid);
 451         unlock_kernel();
 452
 453         /*
 454          * The boot idle thread must execute schedule()
 455          * at least once to get things moving:
 456          */
 457         init_idle_bootup_task(current);
 458         preempt_enable_no_resched();
 459         schedule();
 460         preempt_disable();
 461
 462         /* Call into cpu_idle with preempt disabled */
 463         cpu_idle();
 464 }
 465
 466 /* Check for early params. */
 467 static int __init do_early_param(char *param, char *val)
 468 {
 469         struct obs_kernel_param *p;
 470
 471         for (p = __setup_start; p < __setup_end; p++) {
 472                 if ((p->early && strcmp(param, p->str) == 0) ||
 473                     (strcmp(param, "console") == 0 &&
 474                      strcmp(p->str, "earlycon") == 0)
 475                 ) {
 476                         if (p->setup_func(val) != 0)
 477                                 printk(KERN_WARNING
 478                                        "Malformed early option '%s'\n", param);
 479                 }
 480         }
 481         /* We accept everything at this stage. */
 482         return 0;
 483 }
 484
 485 /* Arch code calls this early on, or if not, just before other parsing. */
 486 void __init parse_early_param(void)
 487 {
 488         static __initdata int done = 0;
 489         static __initdata char tmp_cmdline[COMMAND_LINE_SIZE];
 490
 491         if (done)
 492                 return;
 493
 494         /* All fall through to do_early_param. */
 495         strlcpy(tmp_cmdline, boot_command_line, COMMAND_LINE_SIZE);
 496         parse_args("early options", tmp_cmdline, NULL, 0, do_early_param);
 497         done = 1;
 498 }
 499
 500 /*
 501  *      Activate the first processor.
 502  */
 503
 504 static void __init boot_cpu_init(void)
 505 {
 506         int cpu = smp_processor_id();
 507         /* Mark the boot cpu "present", "online" etc for SMP and UP case */
 508         cpu_set(cpu, cpu_online_map);
 509         cpu_set(cpu, cpu_present_map);
 510         cpu_set(cpu, cpu_possible_map);
 511 }
 512
 513 void __init __attribute__((weak)) smp_setup_processor_id(void)
 514 {
 515 }
 516
 517 asmlinkage void __init start_kernel(void)
 518 {
 519         char * command_line;
 520         extern struct kernel_param __start___param[], __stop___param[];
 521
 522         smp_setup_processor_id();
 523
 524         /*
 525          * Need to run as early as possible, to initialize the
 526          * lockdep hash:
 527          */
 528         unwind_init();
 529         lockdep_init();
 530
 531         local_irq_disable();
 532         early_boot_irqs_off();
 533         early_init_irq_lock_class();
 534
 535 /*
 536  * Interrupts are still disabled. Do necessary setups, then
 537  * enable them
 538  */
 539         lock_kernel();
 540         tick_init();
 541         boot_cpu_init();
 542         page_address_init();
 543         printk(KERN_NOTICE);
 544         printk(linux_banner);
 545         setup_arch(&command_line);
 546         setup_command_line(command_line);
 547         unwind_setup();
 548 #ifndef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
 549         if (max_cpus < 2)
 550                 cpu_possible_map = cpu_online_map;
 551 #endif
 552         setup_per_cpu_areas();
 553         smp_prepare_boot_cpu(); /* arch-specific boot-cpu hooks */
 554
 555         /*
 556          * Set up the scheduler prior starting any interrupts (such as the
 557          * timer interrupt). Full topology setup happens at smp_init()
 558          * time - but meanwhile we still have a functioning scheduler.
 559          */
 560         sched_init();
 561         /*
 562          * Disable preemption - early bootup scheduling is extremely
 563          * fragile until we cpu_idle() for the first time.
 564          */
 565         preempt_disable();
 566         build_all_zonelists();
 567         page_alloc_init();
 568         printk(KERN_NOTICE "Kernel command line: %s\n", boot_command_line);
 569         parse_early_param();
 570         parse_args("Booting kernel", static_command_line, __start___param,
 571                    __stop___param - __start___param,
 572                    &unknown_bootoption);
 573         if (!irqs_disabled()) {
 574                 printk(KERN_WARNING "start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were "
 575                                 "enabled *very* early, fixing it\n");
 576                 local_irq_disable();
 577         }
 578         sort_main_extable();
 579         trap_init();
 580         rcu_init();
 581         init_IRQ();
 582         pidhash_init();
 583         init_timers();
 584         hrtimers_init();
 585         softirq_init();
 586         timekeeping_init();
 587         time_init();
 588         profile_init();
 589         if (!irqs_disabled())
 590                 printk("start_kernel(): bug: interrupts were enabled early\n");
 591         early_boot_irqs_on();
 592         local_irq_enable();
 593
 594         /*
 595          * HACK ALERT! This is early. We're enabling the console before
 596          * we've done PCI setups etc, and console_init() must be aware of
 597          * this. But we do want output early, in case something goes wrong.
 598          */
 599         console_init();
 600         if (panic_later)
 601                 panic(panic_later, panic_param);
 602
 603         lockdep_info();
 604
 605         /*
 606          * Need to run this when irqs are enabled, because it wants
 607          * to self-test [hard/soft]-irqs on/off lock inversion bugs
 608          * too:
 609          */
 610         locking_selftest();
 611
 612 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
 613         if (initrd_start && !initrd_below_start_ok &&
 614                         initrd_start < min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) {
 615                 printk(KERN_CRIT "initrd overwritten (0x%08lx < 0x%08lx) - "
 616                     "disabling it.\n",initrd_start,min_low_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT);
 617                 initrd_start = 0;
 618         }
 619 #endif
 620         vfs_caches_init_early();
 621         cpuset_init_early();
 622         mem_init();
 623         kmem_cache_init();
 624         setup_per_cpu_pageset();
 625         numa_policy_init();
 626         if (late_time_init)
 627                 late_time_init();
 628         calibrate_delay();
 629         pidmap_init();
 630         pgtable_cache_init();
 631         prio_tree_init();
 632         anon_vma_init();
 633 #ifdef CONFIG_X86
 634         if (efi_enabled)
 635                 efi_enter_virtual_mode();
 636 #endif
 637         fork_init(num_physpages);
 638         proc_caches_init();
 639         buffer_init();
 640         unnamed_dev_init();
 641         key_init();
 642         security_init();
 643         vfs_caches_init(num_physpages);
 644         radix_tree_init();
 645         signals_init();
 646         /* rootfs populating might need page-writeback */
 647         page_writeback_init();
 648 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
 649         proc_root_init();
 650 #endif
 651         cpuset_init();
 652         taskstats_init_early();
 653         delayacct_init();
 654
 655         check_bugs();
 656
 657         acpi_early_init(); /* before LAPIC and SMP init */
 658
 659         /* Do the rest non-__init'ed, we're now alive */
 660         rest_init();
 661 }
 662
 663 static int __initdata initcall_debug;
 664
 665 static int __init initcall_debug_setup(char *str)
 666 {
 667         initcall_debug = 1;
 668         return 1;
 669 }
 670 __setup("initcall_debug", initcall_debug_setup);
 671
 672 extern initcall_t __initcall_start[], __initcall_end[];
 673
 674 static void __init do_initcalls(void)
 675 {
 676         initcall_t *call;
 677         int count = preempt_count();
 678
 679         for (call = __initcall_start; call < __initcall_end; call++) {
 680                 ktime_t t0, t1, delta;
 681                 char *msg = NULL;
 682                 char msgbuf[40];
 683                 int result;
 684
 685                 if (initcall_debug) {
 686                         printk("Calling initcall 0x%p", *call);
 687                         print_fn_descriptor_symbol(": %s()",
 688                                         (unsigned long) *call);
 689                         printk("\n");
 690                         t0 = ktime_get();
 691                 }
 692
 693                 result = (*call)();
 694
 695                 if (initcall_debug) {
 696                         t1 = ktime_get();
 697                         delta = ktime_sub(t1, t0);
 698
 699                         printk("initcall 0x%p", *call);
 700                         print_fn_descriptor_symbol(": %s()",
 701                                         (unsigned long) *call);
 702                         printk(" returned %d.\n", result);
 703
 704                         printk("initcall 0x%p ran for %Ld msecs: ",
 705                                 *call, (unsigned long long)delta.tv64 >> 20);
 706                         print_fn_descriptor_symbol("%s()\n",
 707                                 (unsigned long) *call);
 708                 }
 709
 710                 if (result && result != -ENODEV && initcall_debug) {
 711                         sprintf(msgbuf, "error code %d", result);
 712                         msg = msgbuf;
 713                 }
 714                 if (preempt_count() != count) {
 715                         msg = "preemption imbalance";
 716                         preempt_count() = count;
 717                 }
 718                 if (irqs_disabled()) {
 719                         msg = "disabled interrupts";
 720                         local_irq_enable();
 721                 }
 722                 if (msg) {
 723                         printk(KERN_WARNING "initcall at 0x%p", *call);
 724                         print_fn_descriptor_symbol(": %s()",
 725                                         (unsigned long) *call);
 726                         printk(": returned with %s\n", msg);
 727                 }
 728         }
 729
 730         /* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */
 731         flush_scheduled_work();
 732 }
 733
 734 /*
 735  * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices
 736  * have been touched yet, but the CPU subsystem is up and
 737  * running, and memory and process management works.
 738  *
 739  * Now we can finally start doing some real work..
 740  */
 741 static void __init do_basic_setup(void)
 742 {
 743         /* drivers will send hotplug events */
 744         init_workqueues();
 745         usermodehelper_init();
 746         driver_init();
 747         init_irq_proc();
 748         do_initcalls();
 749 }
 750
 751 static int __initdata nosoftlockup;
 752
 753 static int __init nosoftlockup_setup(char *str)
 754 {
 755         nosoftlockup = 1;
 756         return 1;
 757 }
 758 __setup("nosoftlockup", nosoftlockup_setup);
 759
 760 static void __init do_pre_smp_initcalls(void)
 761 {
 762         extern int spawn_ksoftirqd(void);
 763 #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
 764         extern int migration_init(void);
 765
 766         migration_init();
 767 #endif
 768         spawn_ksoftirqd();
 769         if (!nosoftlockup)
 770                 spawn_softlockup_task();
 771 }
 772
 773 static void run_init_process(char *init_filename)
 774 {
 775         argv_init[0] = init_filename;
 776         kernel_execve(init_filename, argv_init, envp_init);
 777 }
 778
 779 /* This is a non __init function. Force it to be noinline otherwise gcc
 780  * makes it inline to init() and it becomes part of init.text section
 781  */
 782 static int noinline init_post(void)
 783 {
 784         free_initmem();
 785         unlock_kernel();
 786         mark_rodata_ro();
 787         system_state = SYSTEM_RUNNING;
 788         numa_default_policy();
 789
 790         if (sys_open((const char __user *) "/dev/console", O_RDWR, 0) < 0)
 791                 printk(KERN_WARNING "Warning: unable to open an initial console.\n");
 792
 793         (void) sys_dup(0);
 794         (void) sys_dup(0);
 795
 796         if (ramdisk_execute_command) {
 797                 run_init_process(ramdisk_execute_command);
 798                 printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s\n",
 799                                 ramdisk_execute_command);
 800         }
 801
 802         /*
 803          * We try each of these until one succeeds.
 804          *
 805          * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are
 806          * trying to recover a really broken machine.
 807          */
 808         if (execute_command) {
 809                 run_init_process(execute_command);
 810                 printk(KERN_WARNING "Failed to execute %s.  Attempting "
 811                                         "defaults...\n", execute_command);
 812         }
 813         run_init_process("/sbin/init");
 814         run_init_process("/etc/init");
 815         run_init_process("/bin/init");
 816         run_init_process("/bin/sh");
 817
 818         panic("No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.");
 819 }
 820
 821 static int __init kernel_init(void * unused)
 822 {
 823         lock_kernel();
 824         /*
 825          * init can run on any cpu.
 826          */
 827         set_cpus_allowed(current, CPU_MASK_ALL);
 828         /*
 829          * Tell the world that we're going to be the grim
 830          * reaper of innocent orphaned children.
 831          *
 832          * We don't want people to have to make incorrect
 833          * assumptions about where in the task array this
 834          * can be found.
 835          */
 836         init_pid_ns.child_reaper = current;
 837
 838         __set_special_pids(1, 1);
 839         cad_pid = task_pid(current);
 840
 841         smp_prepare_cpus(max_cpus);
 842
 843         do_pre_smp_initcalls();
 844
 845         smp_init();
 846         sched_init_smp();
 847
 848         cpuset_init_smp();
 849
 850         do_basic_setup();
 851
 852         /*
 853          * check if there is an early userspace init.  If yes, let it do all
 854          * the work
 855          */
 856
 857         if (!ramdisk_execute_command)
 858                 ramdisk_execute_command = "/init";
 859
 860         if (sys_access((const char __user *) ramdisk_execute_command, 0) != 0) {
 861                 ramdisk_execute_command = NULL;
 862                 prepare_namespace();
 863         }
 864
 865         /*
 866          * Ok, we have completed the initial bootup, and
 867          * we're essentially up and running. Get rid of the
 868          * initmem segments and start the user-mode stuff..
 869          */
 870         init_post();
 871         return 0;
 872 }