1 README file for the osst driver
2 ===============================
3 (w) Kurt Garloff <garloff@suse.de> 12/2000
5 This file describes the osst driver as of version 0.8.x/0.9.x, the released
6 version of the osst driver.
7 It is intended to help advanced users to understand the role of osst and to
8 get them started using (and maybe debugging) it.
9 It won't address issues like "How do I compile a kernel?" or "How do I load
10 a module?", as these are too basic.
11 Once the OnStream got merged into the official kernel, the distro makers
12 will provide the OnStream support for those who are not familiar with
13 hacking their kernels.
18 The osst driver was developed, because the standard SCSI tape driver in
19 Linux, st, does not support the OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tape. The st is not to
20 blame for that, as the OnStream tape drives do not support the standard SCSI
21 command set for Serial Access Storage Devices (SASDs), which basically
22 corresponds to the QIC-157 spec.
23 Nevertheless, the OnStream tapes are nice pieces of hardware and therefore
24 the osst driver has been written to make these tape devs supported by Linux.
25 The driver is free software. It's released under the GNU GPL and planned to
26 be integrated into the mainstream kernel.
31 The osst is a new high-level SCSI driver, just like st, sr, sd and sg. It
32 can be compiled into the kernel or loaded as a module.
33 As it represents a new device, it got assigned a new device node: /dev/osstX
34 are character devices with major no 206 and minor numbers like the /dev/stX
35 devices. If those are not present, you may create them by calling
36 Makedevs.sh as root (see below).
37 The driver started being a copy of st and as such, the osst devices'
38 behavior looks very much the same as st to the userspace applications.
43 In the first place, osst shared it's identity very much with st. That meant
44 that it used the same kernel structures and the same device node as st.
45 So you could only have either of them being present in the kernel. This has
46 been fixed by registering an own device, now.
47 st and osst can coexist, each only accessing the devices it can support by
53 osst got integrated into the linux kernel. Select it during kernel
54 configuration as module or compile statically into the kernel.
55 Compile your kernel and install the modules.
57 Now, your osst driver is inside the kernel or available as a module,
58 depending on your choice during kernel config. You may still need to create
59 the device nodes by calling the Makedevs.sh script (see below) manually,
60 unless you use a devfs kernel, where this won't be needed.
62 To load your module, you may use the command
64 as root. dmesg should show you, whether your OnStream tapes have been
67 If you want to have the module autoloaded on access to /dev/osst, you may
69 alias char-major-206 osst
70 to your /etc/modprobe.conf (before 2.6: modules.conf).
72 You may find it convenient to create a symbolic link
73 ln -s nosst0 /dev/tape
74 to make programs assuming a default name of /dev/tape more convenient to
77 The device nodes for osst have to be created. Use the Makedevs.sh script
78 attached to this file.
83 You may use the OnStream tape driver with your standard backup software,
84 which may be tar, cpio, amanda, arkeia, BRU, Lone Tar, ...
85 by specifying /dev/(n)osst0 as the tape device to use or using the above
86 symlink trick. The IOCTLs to control tape operation are also mostly
87 supported and you may try the mt (or mt_st) program to jump between
88 filemarks, eject the tape, ...
90 There's one limitation: You need to use a block size of 32kB.
92 (This limitation is worked on and will be fixed in version 0.8.8 of
95 If you just want to get started with standard software, here is an example
96 for creating and restoring a full backup:
98 tar cvf - / --exclude /proc | buffer -s 32k -m 24M -B -t -o /dev/nosst0
100 buffer -s 32k -m 8M -B -t -i /dev/osst0 | tar xvf - -C /
102 The buffer command has been used to buffer the data before it goes to the
103 tape (or the file system) in order to smooth out the data stream and prevent
104 the tape from needing to stop and rewind. The OnStream does have an internal
105 buffer and a variable speed which help this, but especially on writing, the
106 buffering still proves useful in most cases. It also pads the data to
107 guarantees the block size of 32k. (Otherwise you may pass the -b64 option to
109 Expect something like 1.8MB/s for the SC-x0 drives and 0.9MB/s for the DI-30.
110 The USB drive will give you about 0.7MB/s.
111 On a fast machine, you may profit from software data compression (z flag for
117 Via the SCSI emulation layers usb-storage and ide-scsi, you can also use the
118 osst driver to drive the USB-30 and the DI-30 drives. (Unfortunately, there
119 is no such layer for the parallel port, otherwise the DP-30 would work as
120 well.) For the USB support, you need the latest 2.4.0-test kernels and the
121 latest usb-storage driver from
122 http://www.linux-usb.org/
123 http://sourceforge.net/cvs/?group_id=3581
125 Note that the ide-tape driver as of 1.16f uses a slightly outdated on-tape
126 format and therefore is not completely interoperable with osst tapes.
128 The ADR-x0 line is fully SCSI-2 compliant and is supported by st, not osst.
129 The on-tape format is supposed to be compatible with the one used by osst.
134 The driver development is coordinated through a mailing list
135 <osst@linux1.onstream.nl>
136 a CVS repository and some web pages.
137 The tester's pages which contain recent news and updated drivers to download
139 http://linux1.onstream.nl/test/
141 If you find any problems, please have a look at the tester's page in order
142 to see whether the problem is already known and solved. Otherwise, please
143 report it to the mailing list. Your feedback is welcome. (This holds also
144 for reports of successful usage, of course.)
145 In case of trouble, please do always provide the following info:
146 * driver and kernel version used (see syslog)
147 * driver messages (syslog)
148 * SCSI config and OnStream Firmware (/proc/scsi/scsi)
149 * description of error. Is it reproducible?
150 * software and commands used
152 You may subscribe to the mailing list, BTW, it's a majordomo list.
157 0.8.0 was the first widespread BETA release. Since then a lot of reports
158 have been sent, but mostly reported success or only minor trouble.
159 All the issues have been addressed.
160 Check the web pages for more info about the current developments.
161 0.9.x is the tree for the 2.3/2.4 kernel.
166 The driver has been started by making a copy of Kai Makisara's st driver.
167 Most of the development has been done by Willem Riede. The presence of the
168 userspace program osg (onstreamsg) from Terry Hardie has been rather
169 helpful. The same holds for Gadi Oxman's ide-tape support for the DI-30.
170 I did add some patches to those drivers as well and coordinated things a
172 Note that most of them did mostly spend their spare time for the creation of
174 The people from OnStream, especially Jack Bombeeck did support this project
175 and always tried to answer HW or FW related questions. Furthermore, he
176 pushed the FW developers to do the right things.
177 SuSE did support this project by allowing me to work on it during my working
178 time for them and by integrating the driver into their distro.
180 More people did help by sending useful comments. Sorry to those who have
181 been forgotten. Thanks to all the GNU/FSF and Linux developers who made this
182 platform such an interesting, nice and stable platform.
183 Thanks go to those who tested the drivers and did send useful reports. Your
190 # Script to create OnStream SC-x0 device nodes (major 206)
191 # Usage: Makedevs.sh [nos [path to dev]]
192 # $Id: README.osst.kernel,v 1.4 2000/12/20 14:13:15 garloff Exp $
196 test -z "$1" || nrs=$1
197 test -z "$2" || dir=$2
200 test -d $dir || mkdir -p $dir
201 while test $nr -lt $nrs; do
202 mknod $dir/osst$nr c $major $nr
203 chown 0.disk $dir/osst$nr; chmod 660 $dir/osst$nr;
204 mknod $dir/nosst$nr c $major $[nr+128]
205 chown 0.disk $dir/nosst$nr; chmod 660 $dir/nosst$nr;
206 mknod $dir/osst${nr}l c $major $[nr+32]
207 chown 0.disk $dir/osst${nr}l; chmod 660 $dir/osst${nr}l;
208 mknod $dir/nosst${nr}l c $major $[nr+160]
209 chown 0.disk $dir/nosst${nr}l; chmod 660 $dir/nosst${nr}l;
210 mknod $dir/osst${nr}m c $major $[nr+64]
211 chown 0.disk $dir/osst${nr}m; chmod 660 $dir/osst${nr}m;
212 mknod $dir/nosst${nr}m c $major $[nr+192]
213 chown 0.disk $dir/nosst${nr}m; chmod 660 $dir/nosst${nr}m;
214 mknod $dir/osst${nr}a c $major $[nr+96]
215 chown 0.disk $dir/osst${nr}a; chmod 660 $dir/osst${nr}a;
216 mknod $dir/nosst${nr}a c $major $[nr+224]
217 chown 0.disk $dir/nosst${nr}a; chmod 660 $dir/nosst${nr}a;