kernel/watchdog.c

   1 /*
   2  * Detect hard and soft lockups on a system
   3  *
   4  * started by Don Zickus, Copyright (C) 2010 Red Hat, Inc.
   5  *
   6  * this code detects hard lockups: incidents in where on a CPU
   7  * the kernel does not respond to anything except NMI.
   8  *
   9  * Note: Most of this code is borrowed heavily from softlockup.c,
  10  * so thanks to Ingo for the initial implementation.
  11  * Some chunks also taken from arch/x86/kernel/apic/nmi.c, thanks
  12  * to those contributors as well.
  13  */
  14
  15 #include <linux/mm.h>
  16 #include <linux/cpu.h>
  17 #include <linux/nmi.h>
  18 #include <linux/init.h>
  19 #include <linux/delay.h>
  20 #include <linux/freezer.h>
  21 #include <linux/kthread.h>
  22 #include <linux/lockdep.h>
  23 #include <linux/notifier.h>
  24 #include <linux/module.h>
  25 #include <linux/sysctl.h>
  26
  27 #include <asm/irq_regs.h>
  28 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
  29
  30 int watchdog_enabled;
  31 int __read_mostly softlockup_thresh = 60;
  32
  33 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, watchdog_touch_ts);
  34 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct task_struct *, softlockup_watchdog);
  35 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hrtimer, watchdog_hrtimer);
  36 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, softlockup_touch_sync);
  37 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, soft_watchdog_warn);
  38 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
  39 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, hard_watchdog_warn);
  40 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(bool, watchdog_nmi_touch);
  41 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, hrtimer_interrupts);
  42 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, hrtimer_interrupts_saved);
  43 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct perf_event *, watchdog_ev);
  44 #endif
  45
  46 static int __read_mostly did_panic;
  47 static int __initdata no_watchdog;
  48
  49
  50 /* boot commands */
  51 /*
  52  * Should we panic when a soft-lockup or hard-lockup occurs:
  53  */
  54 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
  55 static int hardlockup_panic;
  56
  57 static int __init hardlockup_panic_setup(char *str)
  58 {
  59         if (!strncmp(str, "panic", 5))
  60                 hardlockup_panic = 1;
  61         return 1;
  62 }
  63 __setup("nmi_watchdog=", hardlockup_panic_setup);
  64 #endif
  65
  66 unsigned int __read_mostly softlockup_panic =
  67                         CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_SOFTLOCKUP_PANIC_VALUE;
  68
  69 static int __init softlockup_panic_setup(char *str)
  70 {
  71         softlockup_panic = simple_strtoul(str, NULL, 0);
  72
  73         return 1;
  74 }
  75 __setup("softlockup_panic=", softlockup_panic_setup);
  76
  77 static int __init nowatchdog_setup(char *str)
  78 {
  79         no_watchdog = 1;
  80         return 1;
  81 }
  82 __setup("nowatchdog", nowatchdog_setup);
  83
  84 /* deprecated */
  85 static int __init nosoftlockup_setup(char *str)
  86 {
  87         no_watchdog = 1;
  88         return 1;
  89 }
  90 __setup("nosoftlockup", nosoftlockup_setup);
  91 /*  */
  92
  93
  94 /*
  95  * Returns seconds, approximately.  We don't need nanosecond
  96  * resolution, and we don't need to waste time with a big divide when
  97  * 2^30ns == 1.074s.
  98  */
  99 static unsigned long get_timestamp(int this_cpu)
 100 {
 101         return cpu_clock(this_cpu) >> 30LL;  /* 2^30 ~= 10^9 */
 102 }
 103
 104 static unsigned long get_sample_period(void)
 105 {
 106         /*
 107          * convert softlockup_thresh from seconds to ns
 108          * the divide by 5 is to give hrtimer 5 chances to
 109          * increment before the hardlockup detector generates
 110          * a warning
 111          */
 112         return softlockup_thresh / 5 * NSEC_PER_SEC;
 113 }
 114
 115 /* Commands for resetting the watchdog */
 116 static void __touch_watchdog(void)
 117 {
 118         int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
 119
 120         __get_cpu_var(watchdog_touch_ts) = get_timestamp(this_cpu);
 121 }
 122
 123 void touch_softlockup_watchdog(void)
 124 {
 125         __get_cpu_var(watchdog_touch_ts) = 0;
 126 }
 127 EXPORT_SYMBOL(touch_softlockup_watchdog);
 128
 129 void touch_all_softlockup_watchdogs(void)
 130 {
 131         int cpu;
 132
 133         /*
 134          * this is done lockless
 135          * do we care if a 0 races with a timestamp?
 136          * all it means is the softlock check starts one cycle later
 137          */
 138         for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
 139                 per_cpu(watchdog_touch_ts, cpu) = 0;
 140 }
 141
 142 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
 143 void touch_nmi_watchdog(void)
 144 {
 145         __get_cpu_var(watchdog_nmi_touch) = true;
 146         touch_softlockup_watchdog();
 147 }
 148 EXPORT_SYMBOL(touch_nmi_watchdog);
 149
 150 #endif
 151
 152 void touch_softlockup_watchdog_sync(void)
 153 {
 154         __raw_get_cpu_var(softlockup_touch_sync) = true;
 155         __raw_get_cpu_var(watchdog_touch_ts) = 0;
 156 }
 157
 158 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
 159 /* watchdog detector functions */
 160 static int is_hardlockup(void)
 161 {
 162         unsigned long hrint = __get_cpu_var(hrtimer_interrupts);
 163
 164         if (__get_cpu_var(hrtimer_interrupts_saved) == hrint)
 165                 return 1;
 166
 167         __get_cpu_var(hrtimer_interrupts_saved) = hrint;
 168         return 0;
 169 }
 170 #endif
 171
 172 static int is_softlockup(unsigned long touch_ts)
 173 {
 174         unsigned long now = get_timestamp(smp_processor_id());
 175
 176         /* Warn about unreasonable delays: */
 177         if (time_after(now, touch_ts + softlockup_thresh))
 178                 return now - touch_ts;
 179
 180         return 0;
 181 }
 182
 183 static int
 184 watchdog_panic(struct notifier_block *this, unsigned long event, void *ptr)
 185 {
 186         did_panic = 1;
 187
 188         return NOTIFY_DONE;
 189 }
 190
 191 static struct notifier_block panic_block = {
 192         .notifier_call = watchdog_panic,
 193 };
 194
 195 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
 196 static struct perf_event_attr wd_hw_attr = {
 197         .type           = PERF_TYPE_HARDWARE,
 198         .config         = PERF_COUNT_HW_CPU_CYCLES,
 199         .size           = sizeof(struct perf_event_attr),
 200         .pinned         = 1,
 201         .disabled       = 1,
 202 };
 203
 204 /* Callback function for perf event subsystem */
 205 void watchdog_overflow_callback(struct perf_event *event, int nmi,
 206                  struct perf_sample_data *data,
 207                  struct pt_regs *regs)
 208 {
 209         if (__get_cpu_var(watchdog_nmi_touch) == true) {
 210                 __get_cpu_var(watchdog_nmi_touch) = false;
 211                 return;
 212         }
 213
 214         /* check for a hardlockup
 215          * This is done by making sure our timer interrupt
 216          * is incrementing.  The timer interrupt should have
 217          * fired multiple times before we overflow'd.  If it hasn't
 218          * then this is a good indication the cpu is stuck
 219          */
 220         if (is_hardlockup()) {
 221                 int this_cpu = smp_processor_id();
 222
 223                 /* only print hardlockups once */
 224                 if (__get_cpu_var(hard_watchdog_warn) == true)
 225                         return;
 226
 227                 if (hardlockup_panic)
 228                         panic("Watchdog detected hard LOCKUP on cpu %d", this_cpu);
 229                 else
 230                         WARN(1, "Watchdog detected hard LOCKUP on cpu %d", this_cpu);
 231
 232                 __get_cpu_var(hard_watchdog_warn) = true;
 233                 return;
 234         }
 235
 236         __get_cpu_var(hard_watchdog_warn) = false;
 237         return;
 238 }
 239 static void watchdog_interrupt_count(void)
 240 {
 241         __get_cpu_var(hrtimer_interrupts)++;
 242 }
 243 #else
 244 static inline void watchdog_interrupt_count(void) { return; }
 245 #endif /* CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR */
 246
 247 /* watchdog kicker functions */
 248 static enum hrtimer_restart watchdog_timer_fn(struct hrtimer *hrtimer)
 249 {
 250         unsigned long touch_ts = __get_cpu_var(watchdog_touch_ts);
 251         struct pt_regs *regs = get_irq_regs();
 252         int duration;
 253
 254         /* kick the hardlockup detector */
 255         watchdog_interrupt_count();
 256
 257         /* kick the softlockup detector */
 258         wake_up_process(__get_cpu_var(softlockup_watchdog));
 259
 260         /* .. and repeat */
 261         hrtimer_forward_now(hrtimer, ns_to_ktime(get_sample_period()));
 262
 263         if (touch_ts == 0) {
 264                 if (unlikely(__get_cpu_var(softlockup_touch_sync))) {
 265                         /*
 266                          * If the time stamp was touched atomically
 267                          * make sure the scheduler tick is up to date.
 268                          */
 269                         __get_cpu_var(softlockup_touch_sync) = false;
 270                         sched_clock_tick();
 271                 }
 272                 __touch_watchdog();
 273                 return HRTIMER_RESTART;
 274         }
 275
 276         /* check for a softlockup
 277          * This is done by making sure a high priority task is
 278          * being scheduled.  The task touches the watchdog to
 279          * indicate it is getting cpu time.  If it hasn't then
 280          * this is a good indication some task is hogging the cpu
 281          */
 282         duration = is_softlockup(touch_ts);
 283         if (unlikely(duration)) {
 284                 /* only warn once */
 285                 if (__get_cpu_var(soft_watchdog_warn) == true)
 286                         return HRTIMER_RESTART;
 287
 288                 printk(KERN_ERR "BUG: soft lockup - CPU#%d stuck for %us! [%s:%d]\n",
 289                         smp_processor_id(), duration,
 290                         current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
 291                 print_modules();
 292                 print_irqtrace_events(current);
 293                 if (regs)
 294                         show_regs(regs);
 295                 else
 296                         dump_stack();
 297
 298                 if (softlockup_panic)
 299                         panic("softlockup: hung tasks");
 300                 __get_cpu_var(soft_watchdog_warn) = true;
 301         } else
 302                 __get_cpu_var(soft_watchdog_warn) = false;
 303
 304         return HRTIMER_RESTART;
 305 }
 306
 307
 308 /*
 309  * The watchdog thread - touches the timestamp.
 310  */
 311 static int watchdog(void *unused)
 312 {
 313         struct sched_param param = { .sched_priority = MAX_RT_PRIO-1 };
 314         struct hrtimer *hrtimer = &__raw_get_cpu_var(watchdog_hrtimer);
 315
 316         sched_setscheduler(current, SCHED_FIFO, &param);
 317
 318         /* initialize timestamp */
 319         __touch_watchdog();
 320
 321         /* kick off the timer for the hardlockup detector */
 322         /* done here because hrtimer_start can only pin to smp_processor_id() */
 323         hrtimer_start(hrtimer, ns_to_ktime(get_sample_period()),
 324                       HRTIMER_MODE_REL_PINNED);
 325
 326         set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 327         /*
 328          * Run briefly once per second to reset the softlockup timestamp.
 329          * If this gets delayed for more than 60 seconds then the
 330          * debug-printout triggers in watchdog_timer_fn().
 331          */
 332         while (!kthread_should_stop()) {
 333                 __touch_watchdog();
 334                 schedule();
 335
 336                 if (kthread_should_stop())
 337                         break;
 338
 339                 set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 340         }
 341         __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
 342
 343         return 0;
 344 }
 345
 346
 347 #ifdef CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR
 348 static int watchdog_nmi_enable(int cpu)
 349 {
 350         struct perf_event_attr *wd_attr;
 351         struct perf_event *event = per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu);
 352
 353         /* is it already setup and enabled? */
 354         if (event && event->state > PERF_EVENT_STATE_OFF)
 355                 goto out;
 356
 357         /* it is setup but not enabled */
 358         if (event != NULL)
 359                 goto out_enable;
 360
 361         /* Try to register using hardware perf events */
 362         wd_attr = &wd_hw_attr;
 363         wd_attr->sample_period = hw_nmi_get_sample_period();
 364         event = perf_event_create_kernel_counter(wd_attr, cpu, -1, watchdog_overflow_callback);
 365         if (!IS_ERR(event)) {
 366                 printk(KERN_INFO "NMI watchdog enabled, takes one hw-pmu counter.\n");
 367                 goto out_save;
 368         }
 369
 370         printk(KERN_ERR "NMI watchdog failed to create perf event on cpu%i: %p\n", cpu, event);
 371         return -1;
 372
 373         /* success path */
 374 out_save:
 375         per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu) = event;
 376 out_enable:
 377         perf_event_enable(per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu));
 378 out:
 379         return 0;
 380 }
 381
 382 static void watchdog_nmi_disable(int cpu)
 383 {
 384         struct perf_event *event = per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu);
 385
 386         if (event) {
 387                 perf_event_disable(event);
 388                 per_cpu(watchdog_ev, cpu) = NULL;
 389
 390                 /* should be in cleanup, but blocks oprofile */
 391                 perf_event_release_kernel(event);
 392         }
 393         return;
 394 }
 395 #else
 396 static int watchdog_nmi_enable(int cpu) { return 0; }
 397 static void watchdog_nmi_disable(int cpu) { return; }
 398 #endif /* CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR */
 399
 400 /* prepare/enable/disable routines */
 401 static int watchdog_prepare_cpu(int cpu)
 402 {
 403         struct hrtimer *hrtimer = &per_cpu(watchdog_hrtimer, cpu);
 404
 405         WARN_ON(per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu));
 406         hrtimer_init(hrtimer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
 407         hrtimer->function = watchdog_timer_fn;
 408
 409         return 0;
 410 }
 411
 412 static int watchdog_enable(int cpu)
 413 {
 414         struct task_struct *p = per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu);
 415
 416         /* enable the perf event */
 417         if (watchdog_nmi_enable(cpu) != 0)
 418                 return -1;
 419
 420         /* create the watchdog thread */
 421         if (!p) {
 422                 p = kthread_create(watchdog, (void *)(unsigned long)cpu, "watchdog/%d", cpu);
 423                 if (IS_ERR(p)) {
 424                         printk(KERN_ERR "softlockup watchdog for %i failed\n", cpu);
 425                         return -1;
 426                 }
 427                 kthread_bind(p, cpu);
 428                 per_cpu(watchdog_touch_ts, cpu) = 0;
 429                 per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu) = p;
 430                 wake_up_process(p);
 431         }
 432
 433         return 0;
 434 }
 435
 436 static void watchdog_disable(int cpu)
 437 {
 438         struct task_struct *p = per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu);
 439         struct hrtimer *hrtimer = &per_cpu(watchdog_hrtimer, cpu);
 440
 441         /*
 442          * cancel the timer first to stop incrementing the stats
 443          * and waking up the kthread
 444          */
 445         hrtimer_cancel(hrtimer);
 446
 447         /* disable the perf event */
 448         watchdog_nmi_disable(cpu);
 449
 450         /* stop the watchdog thread */
 451         if (p) {
 452                 per_cpu(softlockup_watchdog, cpu) = NULL;
 453                 kthread_stop(p);
 454         }
 455
 456         /* if any cpu succeeds, watchdog is considered enabled for the system */
 457         watchdog_enabled = 1;
 458 }
 459
 460 static void watchdog_enable_all_cpus(void)
 461 {
 462         int cpu;
 463         int result = 0;
 464
 465         for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
 466                 result += watchdog_enable(cpu);
 467
 468         if (result)
 469                 printk(KERN_ERR "watchdog: failed to be enabled on some cpus\n");
 470
 471 }
 472
 473 static void watchdog_disable_all_cpus(void)
 474 {
 475         int cpu;
 476
 477         for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
 478                 watchdog_disable(cpu);
 479
 480         /* if all watchdogs are disabled, then they are disabled for the system */
 481         watchdog_enabled = 0;
 482 }
 483
 484
 485 /* sysctl functions */
 486 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
 487 /*
 488  * proc handler for /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog
 489  */
 490
 491 int proc_dowatchdog_enabled(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
 492                      void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
 493 {
 494         proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
 495
 496         if (watchdog_enabled)
 497                 watchdog_enable_all_cpus();
 498         else
 499                 watchdog_disable_all_cpus();
 500         return 0;
 501 }
 502
 503 int proc_dowatchdog_thresh(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
 504                              void __user *buffer,
 505                              size_t *lenp, loff_t *ppos)
 506 {
 507         return proc_dointvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, lenp, ppos);
 508 }
 509 #endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */
 510
 511
 512 /*
 513  * Create/destroy watchdog threads as CPUs come and go:
 514  */
 515 static int __cpuinit
 516 cpu_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb, unsigned long action, void *hcpu)
 517 {
 518         int hotcpu = (unsigned long)hcpu;
 519
 520         switch (action) {
 521         case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
 522         case CPU_UP_PREPARE_FROZEN:
 523                 if (watchdog_prepare_cpu(hotcpu))
 524                         return NOTIFY_BAD;
 525                 break;
 526         case CPU_ONLINE:
 527         case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN:
 528                 if (watchdog_enable(hotcpu))
 529                         return NOTIFY_BAD;
 530                 break;
 531 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
 532         case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
 533         case CPU_UP_CANCELED_FROZEN:
 534                 watchdog_disable(hotcpu);
 535                 break;
 536         case CPU_DEAD:
 537         case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN:
 538                 watchdog_disable(hotcpu);
 539                 break;
 540 #endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU */
 541         }
 542         return NOTIFY_OK;
 543 }
 544
 545 static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata cpu_nfb = {
 546         .notifier_call = cpu_callback
 547 };
 548
 549 static int __init spawn_watchdog_task(void)
 550 {
 551         void *cpu = (void *)(long)smp_processor_id();
 552         int err;
 553
 554         if (no_watchdog)
 555                 return 0;
 556
 557         err = cpu_callback(&cpu_nfb, CPU_UP_PREPARE, cpu);
 558         WARN_ON(err == NOTIFY_BAD);
 559
 560         cpu_callback(&cpu_nfb, CPU_ONLINE, cpu);
 561         register_cpu_notifier(&cpu_nfb);
 562
 563         atomic_notifier_chain_register(&panic_notifier_list, &panic_block);
 564
 565         return 0;
 566 }
 567 early_initcall(spawn_watchdog_task);