4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LP Printer support is enabled.
52 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
53 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
54 These options have more detailed description inside of
55 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
56 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
57 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
58 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
59 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
60 MTD MTD support is enabled.
61 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
62 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
63 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
64 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
65 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
66 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
67 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
68 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
69 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
70 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
71 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
72 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
73 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
74 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
75 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
76 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
77 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
79 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
80 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
81 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
82 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
83 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
84 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
85 USB USB support is enabled.
86 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
87 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
88 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
89 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
90 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
91 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
92 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
93 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
94 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
96 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
98 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
99 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
100 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
102 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
103 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
104 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
105 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
107 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
108 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
109 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
110 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
111 running once the system is up.
113 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
114 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
115 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
116 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
117 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
120 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
121 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
122 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
124 acpi= [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
125 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
126 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
127 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
128 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
129 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
130 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
131 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
133 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
135 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
136 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
137 See Documentation/power/video.txt
139 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
140 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
142 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
143 ACPI will balance active IRQs
146 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
147 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
150 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
152 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
154 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
155 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
157 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
158 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
160 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
162 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
164 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
165 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
166 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
167 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
168 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
169 that require a timer override, but don't have
172 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
174 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
175 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
176 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
177 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
179 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
181 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
182 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
183 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
184 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
186 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
188 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
189 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
190 override platform specific driver.
191 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
193 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
194 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
195 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
196 and always returns good values.
198 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
199 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
200 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
201 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
202 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
204 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
205 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
206 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
209 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
210 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
213 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
219 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
221 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
222 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
224 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
225 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
226 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
229 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
232 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
235 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
238 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
240 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
241 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
243 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
245 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
246 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
247 connected to one of 16 gameports
248 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
251 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
253 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
254 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
255 APC and your system crashes randomly.
257 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
258 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
259 Change the amount of debugging information output
260 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
262 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
263 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
268 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
269 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
273 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
275 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
277 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
278 EzKey and similar keyboards
280 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
282 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
283 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
285 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
288 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
289 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
291 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
292 Use software keyboard repeat
296 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
297 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
299 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
302 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
304 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
306 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
307 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
308 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
309 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
311 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
312 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
313 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
314 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
316 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
322 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
323 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
325 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
326 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
329 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
330 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
332 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
334 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
335 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
336 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
337 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
338 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
339 This option provides an override for these situations.
342 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
343 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
345 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
347 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
348 Format: { "0" | "1" }
349 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
350 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
351 any implied execute protection).
352 1 -- check protection requested by application.
353 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
354 Value can be changed at runtime via
355 /selinux/checkreqprot.
357 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
359 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
360 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
361 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
362 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
366 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
367 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
368 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
370 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
374 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
376 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
378 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
380 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
384 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
385 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
387 condev= [HW,S390] console device
390 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
392 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
396 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
397 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
398 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
399 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
400 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
402 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
404 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
407 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
408 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
409 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
410 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
411 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
412 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
414 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
416 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
419 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
421 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
422 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
423 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
426 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
431 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
432 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
434 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
437 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
439 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
440 (one device per port)
441 Format: <port#>,<type>
442 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
444 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
447 [KNL] verbose self-tests
449 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
451 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
452 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
453 only useful to kernel developers.
456 Format: <area>[,<node>]
457 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
460 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
463 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
465 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
466 See drivers/char/README.epca and
467 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
469 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
471 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
473 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
479 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64]
481 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
483 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
486 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
488 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
490 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
493 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
498 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
501 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
508 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
509 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
512 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
514 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
515 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
518 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
519 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
522 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
523 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
524 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
526 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
527 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
528 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
529 pass this option to capture kernel.
530 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
532 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
534 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
535 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
536 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
538 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
541 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
542 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
544 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
545 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
546 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
548 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
552 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
555 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
558 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
561 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
562 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
563 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
564 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
569 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
571 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
572 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
579 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
580 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
581 for IA-64, off otherwise.
582 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
584 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
586 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
587 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
589 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
590 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
592 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
593 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
594 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
595 size on bigger boxes.
598 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
600 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
602 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
604 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
605 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
606 keyboard and cannot control its state
607 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
608 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
609 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
610 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
612 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
615 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
616 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
617 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
618 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
622 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
623 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
625 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
626 does not match list of supported models.
628 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
629 (disabled by default)
630 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
633 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
634 See Documentation/mca.txt.
637 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
639 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
640 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
641 See Documentation/ide.txt.
643 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
644 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
645 See Documentation/ide.txt.
647 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
648 See Documentation/ide.txt.
651 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
654 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
657 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
661 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
664 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
665 for working out where the kernel is dying during
668 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
670 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
673 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
674 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
675 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
676 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
677 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
678 changing hdc to sdb).
679 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
683 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
684 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
685 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
688 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
690 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
691 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
693 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
694 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
696 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
698 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
700 Format: <port>,<port>....
703 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
704 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
708 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
709 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
710 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
714 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
716 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
717 Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
718 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
719 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
720 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
721 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
722 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
723 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
725 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
726 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
727 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
728 suboptimal load balancer performance.
731 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
735 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
736 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
740 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
745 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
748 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
749 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
751 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
752 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
754 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
755 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
757 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
760 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
763 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
766 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
769 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
772 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
773 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
774 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
775 loglevels are defined as follows:
777 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
778 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
779 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
780 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
781 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
782 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
783 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
784 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
786 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
787 Format: { n | nk | nM }
788 n must be a power of two. The default size
789 is set in the kernel config file.
791 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
792 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
793 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
794 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
795 specified in addition to the ports) causes
796 attached printers to be reset. Using
797 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
798 to associate lp devices with, starting with
799 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
800 that lp device, or a parport name such as
801 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
802 port specification list means that device IDs
803 from each port should be examined, to see if
804 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
805 so, the driver will manage that printer.
806 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
809 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
810 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
811 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
812 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
813 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
814 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
815 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
816 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
817 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
818 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
819 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
823 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
825 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
826 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
828 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
829 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
831 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
832 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
833 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
835 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
839 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
842 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
843 equal to this physical address is ignored.
845 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
846 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
849 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
850 Should be between 1 and 16384.
852 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
857 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
861 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
863 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
864 See Documentation/md.txt.
867 Format: <first>,<last>
868 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
870 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
871 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
872 to see the whole system memory or for test.
873 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
874 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
875 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
877 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
880 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
881 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
882 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
883 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
886 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
887 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
888 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
890 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
891 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
892 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
894 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
895 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
896 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
898 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
899 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
904 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
905 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
906 This debugging option can be used to override the
907 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
908 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
909 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
910 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
911 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
912 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
914 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
915 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
916 development purposes, not production environments.
919 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
921 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
922 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
923 increase verbosity of the detection process.
924 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
925 some more information, and 2 will be really
926 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
927 serial console attached to the system).
930 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
932 This debug option can be used to proportionally
933 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
934 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
935 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
936 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
937 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
938 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
939 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
942 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
943 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
944 development purposes, not production environments.
947 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
948 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
949 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
950 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
952 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
953 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
954 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
955 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
961 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
963 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
964 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
967 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
969 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
970 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
971 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
973 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
976 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
982 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
984 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
988 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
989 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
990 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
991 something different and driver-specific.
992 This usage is only documented in each driver source
996 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
998 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
999 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1001 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1002 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1003 channel should listen.
1005 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1006 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1009 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1011 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1012 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1017 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1018 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1020 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1023 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1024 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1028 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1030 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1034 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1035 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1036 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1038 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1039 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1040 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1044 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1045 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1048 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1049 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1050 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1051 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1052 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1055 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1056 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1058 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1060 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1065 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1067 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1068 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1070 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1072 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1074 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1076 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1079 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1080 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1081 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1085 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1087 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1089 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1091 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1093 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1097 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1102 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1103 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1105 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1106 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1111 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1112 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1113 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1115 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1118 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1119 connected to, default is 0.
1121 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1122 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1125 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1126 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1127 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1128 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1129 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1130 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1131 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1132 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1133 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1134 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1135 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1136 are specified on the command line, starting
1139 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1140 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1141 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1142 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1143 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1144 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1145 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1147 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1148 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1151 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1154 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1155 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1156 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1161 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1162 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1164 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1165 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1166 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1167 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1168 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1169 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1170 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1171 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1172 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1173 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1175 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1177 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1179 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1180 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1181 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1182 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1183 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1184 done to get a device order compatible with
1186 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1187 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1188 on several machines and they hang the machine
1189 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1190 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1191 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1192 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1194 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1195 Use with caution as certain devices share
1196 address decoders between ROMs and other
1198 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1199 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1200 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1202 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1203 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1204 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1205 F0000h-100000h range.
1206 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1207 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1208 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1209 explicitly which ones they are.
1210 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1211 numbers ourselves, overriding
1212 whatever the firmware may have done.
1213 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1214 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1215 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1216 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1217 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1218 IRQ routing is enabled.
1219 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1220 or for PCI scanning.
1221 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1222 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1223 so this option is a temporary workaround
1224 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1225 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1226 just use the configuration from the
1227 bootloader. This is currently used on
1228 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1229 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1230 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1231 This might help on some broken boards which
1232 machine check when some devices' config space
1233 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1234 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1235 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1236 This sorting is done to get a device
1237 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1238 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1240 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1243 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1245 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1248 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1251 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1254 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1256 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1257 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1259 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1260 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1261 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1267 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1270 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1273 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1275 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1276 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1279 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1281 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1283 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1284 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1285 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1286 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1287 statistical time based profiling.
1289 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1290 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1291 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1293 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1294 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1295 instead using the legacy FADT method
1297 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1299 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1301 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1302 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1303 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1305 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1306 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1309 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1310 psmouse.smartscroll=
1311 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1312 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1314 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1316 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1319 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1321 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1326 See Documentation/md.txt.
1328 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1329 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1331 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1332 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1334 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1335 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1336 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1338 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1339 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1341 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1342 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1344 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1345 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1349 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1350 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1352 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1353 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1354 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1356 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1360 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1363 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1364 during initialization.
1367 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1369 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1370 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1372 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1373 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1375 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1377 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1379 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1380 mount the root filesystem
1382 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1384 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1386 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1388 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1391 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1394 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1396 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1398 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1400 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1401 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1403 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1404 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1406 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1407 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1409 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1410 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1413 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1414 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1415 (flags are integer value)
1417 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1419 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1420 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1421 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1422 user space to do the scan.
1424 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1425 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1426 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1429 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1430 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1431 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1433 selinux_compat_net =
1434 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1435 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1436 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1437 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1438 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1439 Value can be changed at runtime via
1440 /selinux/compat_net.
1442 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1444 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1447 Maximal number of shapers.
1450 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1456 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1457 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1462 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1464 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1466 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1468 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1470 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1472 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1474 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1476 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1478 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1480 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1482 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1484 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1486 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1488 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1490 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1492 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1494 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1496 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1498 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1500 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1502 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1504 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1506 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1508 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1510 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1512 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1514 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1516 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1520 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1522 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1524 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1529 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1531 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1533 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1535 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1537 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1539 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1547 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1551 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1553 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1555 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1561 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1563 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1565 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1567 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1572 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1574 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1576 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1578 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1580 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1582 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1584 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1587 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1589 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1590 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1592 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1593 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1595 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1601 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1603 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1604 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1607 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1611 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1612 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1613 as the initial boot-console.
1614 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1617 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1620 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1622 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1626 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1627 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1630 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1634 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1635 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1637 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1639 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1640 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1641 with the name specified.
1643 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1644 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1647 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1648 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1651 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1654 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1655 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1659 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1661 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1663 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1664 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1666 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1667 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1669 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1670 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1672 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1673 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1682 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1685 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1686 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1688 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1689 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1691 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1692 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1693 Documentation/svga.txt.
1694 Use vga=ask for menu.
1695 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1696 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1698 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1699 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1700 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1701 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1704 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1707 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1710 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1713 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1714 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1717 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1720 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1723 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1725 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1726 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1728 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1730 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1732 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1733 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1736 ______________________________________________________________________
1740 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1741 Add more DRM drivers.