1 Kernel CAPI Interface to Hardware Drivers
2 -----------------------------------------
6 From the CAPI 2.0 specification:
7 COMMON-ISDN-API (CAPI) is an application programming interface standard used
8 to access ISDN equipment connected to basic rate interfaces (BRI) and primary
11 Kernel CAPI operates as a dispatching layer between CAPI applications and CAPI
12 hardware drivers. Hardware drivers register ISDN devices (controllers, in CAPI
13 lingo) with Kernel CAPI to indicate their readiness to provide their service
14 to CAPI applications. CAPI applications also register with Kernel CAPI,
15 requesting association with a CAPI device. Kernel CAPI then dispatches the
16 application registration to an available device, forwarding it to the
17 corresponding hardware driver. Kernel CAPI then forwards CAPI messages in both
18 directions between the application and the hardware driver.
20 Format and semantics of CAPI messages are specified in the CAPI 2.0 standard.
21 This standard is freely available from http://www.capi.org.
24 2. Driver and Device Registration
26 CAPI drivers optionally register themselves with Kernel CAPI by calling the
27 Kernel CAPI function register_capi_driver() with a pointer to a struct
28 capi_driver. This structure must be filled with the name and revision of the
29 driver, and optionally a pointer to a callback function, add_card(). The
30 registration can be revoked by calling the function unregister_capi_driver()
31 with a pointer to the same struct capi_driver.
33 CAPI drivers must register each of the ISDN devices they control with Kernel
34 CAPI by calling the Kernel CAPI function attach_capi_ctr() with a pointer to a
35 struct capi_ctr before they can be used. This structure must be filled with
36 the names of the driver and controller, and a number of callback function
37 pointers which are subsequently used by Kernel CAPI for communicating with the
38 driver. The registration can be revoked by calling the function
39 detach_capi_ctr() with a pointer to the same struct capi_ctr.
41 Before the device can be actually used, the driver must fill in the device
42 information fields 'manu', 'version', 'profile' and 'serial' in the capi_ctr
43 structure of the device, and signal its readiness by calling capi_ctr_ready().
44 From then on, Kernel CAPI may call the registered callback functions for the
47 If the device becomes unusable for any reason (shutdown, disconnect ...), the
48 driver has to call capi_ctr_down(). This will prevent further calls to the
49 callback functions by Kernel CAPI.
52 3. Application Registration and Communication
54 Kernel CAPI forwards registration requests from applications (calls to CAPI
55 operation CAPI_REGISTER) to an appropriate hardware driver by calling its
56 register_appl() callback function. A unique Application ID (ApplID, u16) is
57 allocated by Kernel CAPI and passed to register_appl() along with the
58 parameter structure provided by the application. This is analogous to the
59 open() operation on regular files or character devices.
61 After a successful return from register_appl(), CAPI messages from the
62 application may be passed to the driver for the device via calls to the
63 send_message() callback function. Conversely, the driver may call Kernel
64 CAPI's capi_ctr_handle_message() function to pass a received CAPI message to
65 Kernel CAPI for forwarding to an application, specifying its ApplID.
67 Deregistration requests (CAPI operation CAPI_RELEASE) from applications are
68 forwarded as calls to the release_appl() callback function, passing the same
69 ApplID as with register_appl(). After return from release_appl(), no CAPI
70 messages for that application may be passed to or from the device anymore.
75 4.1 struct capi_driver
77 This structure describes a Kernel CAPI driver itself. It is used in the
78 register_capi_driver() and unregister_capi_driver() functions, and contains
79 the following non-private fields, all to be set by the driver before calling
80 register_capi_driver():
83 the name of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
85 the revision number of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
86 int (*add_card)(struct capi_driver *driver, capicardparams *data)
87 a callback function pointer (may be NULL)
92 This structure describes an ISDN device (controller) handled by a Kernel CAPI
93 driver. After registration via the attach_capi_ctr() function it is passed to
94 all controller specific lower layer interface and callback functions to
95 identify the controller to operate on.
97 It contains the following non-private fields:
99 - to be set by the driver before calling attach_capi_ctr():
102 pointer to the driver module owning the device
105 an opaque pointer to driver specific data, not touched by Kernel CAPI
108 the name of the controller, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
111 the name of the driver, as a zero-terminated ASCII string
113 int (*load_firmware)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, capiloaddata *ldata)
114 (optional) pointer to a callback function for sending firmware and
115 configuration data to the device
116 Return value: 0 on success, error code on error
117 Called in process context.
119 void (*reset_ctr)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
120 (optional) pointer to a callback function for performing a reset on
121 the device, releasing all registered applications
122 Called in process context.
124 void (*register_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid,
125 capi_register_params *rparam)
126 void (*release_appl)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, u16 applid)
127 pointers to callback functions for registration and deregistration of
128 applications with the device
129 Calls to these functions are serialized by Kernel CAPI so that only
130 one call to any of them is active at any time.
132 u16 (*send_message)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr, struct sk_buff *skb)
133 pointer to a callback function for sending a CAPI message to the
135 Return value: CAPI error code
136 If the method returns 0 (CAPI_NOERROR) the driver has taken ownership
137 of the skb and the caller may no longer access it. If it returns a
138 non-zero (error) value then ownership of the skb returns to the caller
139 who may reuse or free it.
140 The return value should only be used to signal problems with respect
141 to accepting or queueing the message. Errors occurring during the
142 actual processing of the message should be signaled with an
143 appropriate reply message.
144 May be called in process or interrupt context.
145 Calls to this function are not serialized by Kernel CAPI, ie. it must
146 be prepared to be re-entered.
148 char *(*procinfo)(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
149 pointer to a callback function returning the entry for the device in
150 the CAPI controller info table, /proc/capi/controller
152 const struct file_operations *proc_fops
153 pointers to callback functions for the device's proc file
154 system entry, /proc/capi/controllers/<n>; pointer to the device's
155 capi_ctr structure is available from struct proc_dir_entry::data
156 which is available from struct inode.
158 Note: Callback functions except send_message() are never called in interrupt
161 - to be filled in before calling capi_ctr_ready():
163 u8 manu[CAPI_MANUFACTURER_LEN]
164 value to return for CAPI_GET_MANUFACTURER
167 value to return for CAPI_GET_VERSION
170 value to return for CAPI_GET_PROFILE
172 u8 serial[CAPI_SERIAL_LEN]
173 value to return for CAPI_GET_SERIAL
178 CAPI messages are passed between Kernel CAPI and the driver via send_message()
179 and capi_ctr_handle_message(), stored in the data portion of a socket buffer
180 (skb). Each skb contains a single CAPI message coded according to the CAPI 2.0
183 For the data transfer messages, DATA_B3_REQ and DATA_B3_IND, the actual
184 payload data immediately follows the CAPI message itself within the same skb.
185 The Data and Data64 parameters are not used for processing. The Data64
186 parameter may be omitted by setting the length field of the CAPI message to 22
190 4.4 The _cmsg Structure
192 (declared in <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>)
194 The _cmsg structure stores the contents of a CAPI 2.0 message in an easily
195 accessible form. It contains members for all possible CAPI 2.0 parameters,
196 including subparameters of the Additional Info and B Protocol structured
197 parameters, with the following exceptions:
199 * second Calling party number (CONNECT_IND)
201 * Data64 (DATA_B3_REQ and DATA_B3_IND)
203 * Sending complete (subparameter of Additional Info, CONNECT_REQ and INFO_REQ)
205 * Global Configuration (subparameter of B Protocol, CONNECT_REQ, CONNECT_RESP
206 and SELECT_B_PROTOCOL_REQ)
208 Only those parameters appearing in the message type currently being processed
209 are actually used. Unused members should be set to zero.
211 Members are named after the CAPI 2.0 standard names of the parameters they
212 represent. See <linux/isdn/capiutil.h> for the exact spelling. Member data
215 u8 for CAPI parameters of type 'byte'
217 u16 for CAPI parameters of type 'word'
219 u32 for CAPI parameters of type 'dword'
221 _cstruct for CAPI parameters of type 'struct'
222 The member is a pointer to a buffer containing the parameter in
223 CAPI encoding (length + content). It may also be NULL, which will
224 be taken to represent an empty (zero length) parameter.
225 Subparameters are stored in encoded form within the content part.
227 _cmstruct alternative representation for CAPI parameters of type 'struct'
228 (used only for the 'Additional Info' and 'B Protocol' parameters)
229 The representation is a single byte containing one of the values:
230 CAPI_DEFAULT: The parameter is empty/absent.
231 CAPI_COMPOSE: The parameter is present.
232 Subparameter values are stored individually in the corresponding
233 _cmsg structure members.
235 Functions capi_cmsg2message() and capi_message2cmsg() are provided to convert
236 messages between their transport encoding described in the CAPI 2.0 standard
237 and their _cmsg structure representation. Note that capi_cmsg2message() does
238 not know or check the size of its destination buffer. The caller must make
239 sure it is big enough to accomodate the resulting CAPI message.
242 5. Lower Layer Interface Functions
244 (declared in <linux/isdn/capilli.h>)
246 void register_capi_driver(struct capi_driver *drvr)
247 void unregister_capi_driver(struct capi_driver *drvr)
248 register/unregister a driver with Kernel CAPI
250 int attach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
251 int detach_capi_ctr(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
252 register/unregister a device (controller) with Kernel CAPI
254 void capi_ctr_ready(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
255 void capi_ctr_down(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
256 signal controller ready/not ready
258 void capi_ctr_suspend_output(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
259 void capi_ctr_resume_output(struct capi_ctr *ctrlr)
260 signal suspend/resume
262 void capi_ctr_handle_message(struct capi_ctr * ctrlr, u16 applid,
264 pass a received CAPI message to Kernel CAPI
265 for forwarding to the specified application
268 6. Helper Functions and Macros
270 Library functions (from <linux/isdn/capilli.h>):
272 void capilib_new_ncci(struct list_head *head, u16 applid,
273 u32 ncci, u32 winsize)
274 void capilib_free_ncci(struct list_head *head, u16 applid, u32 ncci)
275 void capilib_release_appl(struct list_head *head, u16 applid)
276 void capilib_release(struct list_head *head)
277 void capilib_data_b3_conf(struct list_head *head, u16 applid,
279 u16 capilib_data_b3_req(struct list_head *head, u16 applid,
283 Macros to extract/set element values from/in a CAPI message header
284 (from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
286 Get Macro Set Macro Element (Type)
288 CAPIMSG_LEN(m) CAPIMSG_SETLEN(m, len) Total Length (u16)
289 CAPIMSG_APPID(m) CAPIMSG_SETAPPID(m, applid) ApplID (u16)
290 CAPIMSG_COMMAND(m) CAPIMSG_SETCOMMAND(m,cmd) Command (u8)
291 CAPIMSG_SUBCOMMAND(m) CAPIMSG_SETSUBCOMMAND(m, cmd) Subcommand (u8)
292 CAPIMSG_CMD(m) - Command*256
294 CAPIMSG_MSGID(m) CAPIMSG_SETMSGID(m, msgid) Message Number (u16)
296 CAPIMSG_CONTROL(m) CAPIMSG_SETCONTROL(m, contr) Controller/PLCI/NCCI
298 CAPIMSG_DATALEN(m) CAPIMSG_SETDATALEN(m, len) Data Length (u16)
301 Library functions for working with _cmsg structures
302 (from <linux/isdn/capiutil.h>):
304 unsigned capi_cmsg2message(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)
305 Assembles a CAPI 2.0 message from the parameters in *cmsg, storing the
308 unsigned capi_message2cmsg(_cmsg *cmsg, u8 *msg)
309 Disassembles the CAPI 2.0 message in *msg, storing the parameters in
312 unsigned capi_cmsg_header(_cmsg *cmsg, u16 ApplId, u8 Command, u8 Subcommand,
313 u16 Messagenumber, u32 Controller)
314 Fills the header part and address field of the _cmsg structure *cmsg
315 with the given values, zeroing the remainder of the structure so only
316 parameters with non-default values need to be changed before sending
319 void capi_cmsg_answer(_cmsg *cmsg)
320 Sets the low bit of the Subcommand field in *cmsg, thereby converting
321 _REQ to _CONF and _IND to _RESP.
323 char *capi_cmd2str(u8 Command, u8 Subcommand)
324 Returns the CAPI 2.0 message name corresponding to the given command
325 and subcommand values, as a static ASCII string. The return value may
326 be NULL if the command/subcommand is not one of those defined in the
332 The module kernelcapi has a module parameter showcapimsgs controlling some
333 debugging output produced by the module. It can only be set when the module is
334 loaded, via a parameter "showcapimsgs=<n>" to the modprobe command, either on
335 the command line or in the configuration file.
337 If the lowest bit of showcapimsgs is set, kernelcapi logs controller and
338 application up and down events.
340 In addition, every registered CAPI controller has an associated traceflag
341 parameter controlling how CAPI messages sent from and to tha controller are
342 logged. The traceflag parameter is initialized with the value of the
343 showcapimsgs parameter when the controller is registered, but can later be
344 changed via the MANUFACTURER_REQ command KCAPI_CMD_TRACE.
346 If the value of traceflag is non-zero, CAPI messages are logged.
347 DATA_B3 messages are only logged if the value of traceflag is > 2.
349 If the lowest bit of traceflag is set, only the command/subcommand and message
350 length are logged. Otherwise, kernelcapi logs a readable representation of