1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/* Variables:
7 Forward Packets between interfaces.
9 This variable is special, its change resets all configuration
10 parameters to their default state (RFC1122 for hosts, RFC1812
13 ip_default_ttl - INTEGER
16 ip_no_pmtu_disc - BOOLEAN
17 Disable Path MTU Discovery.
21 default 562 - minimum discovered Path MTU
23 route/max_size - INTEGER
24 Maximum number of routes allowed in the kernel. Increase
25 this when using large numbers of interfaces and/or routes.
27 neigh/default/gc_thresh3 - INTEGER
28 Maximum number of neighbor entries allowed. Increase this
29 when using large numbers of interfaces and when communicating
30 with large numbers of directly-connected peers.
33 Time, in seconds, that cached PMTU information is kept.
36 The advertised MSS depends on the first hop route MTU, but will
37 never be lower than this setting.
39 rt_cache_rebuild_count - INTEGER
40 The per net-namespace route cache emergency rebuild threshold.
41 Any net-namespace having its route cache rebuilt due to
42 a hash bucket chain being too long more than this many times
43 will have its route caching disabled
47 ipfrag_high_thresh - INTEGER
48 Maximum memory used to reassemble IP fragments. When
49 ipfrag_high_thresh bytes of memory is allocated for this purpose,
50 the fragment handler will toss packets until ipfrag_low_thresh
53 ipfrag_low_thresh - INTEGER
54 See ipfrag_high_thresh
57 Time in seconds to keep an IP fragment in memory.
59 ipfrag_secret_interval - INTEGER
60 Regeneration interval (in seconds) of the hash secret (or lifetime
61 for the hash secret) for IP fragments.
64 ipfrag_max_dist - INTEGER
65 ipfrag_max_dist is a non-negative integer value which defines the
66 maximum "disorder" which is allowed among fragments which share a
67 common IP source address. Note that reordering of packets is
68 not unusual, but if a large number of fragments arrive from a source
69 IP address while a particular fragment queue remains incomplete, it
70 probably indicates that one or more fragments belonging to that queue
71 have been lost. When ipfrag_max_dist is positive, an additional check
72 is done on fragments before they are added to a reassembly queue - if
73 ipfrag_max_dist (or more) fragments have arrived from a particular IP
74 address between additions to any IP fragment queue using that source
75 address, it's presumed that one or more fragments in the queue are
76 lost. The existing fragment queue will be dropped, and a new one
77 started. An ipfrag_max_dist value of zero disables this check.
79 Using a very small value, e.g. 1 or 2, for ipfrag_max_dist can
80 result in unnecessarily dropping fragment queues when normal
81 reordering of packets occurs, which could lead to poor application
82 performance. Using a very large value, e.g. 50000, increases the
83 likelihood of incorrectly reassembling IP fragments that originate
84 from different IP datagrams, which could result in data corruption.
89 inet_peer_threshold - INTEGER
90 The approximate size of the storage. Starting from this threshold
91 entries will be thrown aggressively. This threshold also determines
92 entries' time-to-live and time intervals between garbage collection
93 passes. More entries, less time-to-live, less GC interval.
95 inet_peer_minttl - INTEGER
96 Minimum time-to-live of entries. Should be enough to cover fragment
97 time-to-live on the reassembling side. This minimum time-to-live is
98 guaranteed if the pool size is less than inet_peer_threshold.
101 inet_peer_maxttl - INTEGER
102 Maximum time-to-live of entries. Unused entries will expire after
103 this period of time if there is no memory pressure on the pool (i.e.
104 when the number of entries in the pool is very small).
107 inet_peer_gc_mintime - INTEGER
108 Minimum interval between garbage collection passes. This interval is
109 in effect under high memory pressure on the pool.
112 inet_peer_gc_maxtime - INTEGER
113 Minimum interval between garbage collection passes. This interval is
114 in effect under low (or absent) memory pressure on the pool.
120 Limit of socket listen() backlog, known in userspace as SOMAXCONN.
121 Defaults to 128. See also tcp_max_syn_backlog for additional tuning
125 Controls Appropriate Byte Count (ABC) defined in RFC3465.
126 ABC is a way of increasing congestion window (cwnd) more slowly
127 in response to partial acknowledgments.
129 0 increase cwnd once per acknowledgment (no ABC)
130 1 increase cwnd once per acknowledgment of full sized segment
131 2 allow increase cwnd by two if acknowledgment is
132 of two segments to compensate for delayed acknowledgments.
135 tcp_abort_on_overflow - BOOLEAN
136 If listening service is too slow to accept new connections,
137 reset them. Default state is FALSE. It means that if overflow
138 occurred due to a burst, connection will recover. Enable this
139 option _only_ if you are really sure that listening daemon
140 cannot be tuned to accept connections faster. Enabling this
141 option can harm clients of your server.
143 tcp_adv_win_scale - INTEGER
144 Count buffering overhead as bytes/2^tcp_adv_win_scale
145 (if tcp_adv_win_scale > 0) or bytes-bytes/2^(-tcp_adv_win_scale),
147 Possible values are [-31, 31], inclusive.
150 tcp_allowed_congestion_control - STRING
151 Show/set the congestion control choices available to non-privileged
152 processes. The list is a subset of those listed in
153 tcp_available_congestion_control.
154 Default is "reno" and the default setting (tcp_congestion_control).
156 tcp_app_win - INTEGER
157 Reserve max(window/2^tcp_app_win, mss) of window for application
158 buffer. Value 0 is special, it means that nothing is reserved.
161 tcp_available_congestion_control - STRING
162 Shows the available congestion control choices that are registered.
163 More congestion control algorithms may be available as modules,
166 tcp_base_mss - INTEGER
167 The initial value of search_low to be used by the packetization layer
168 Path MTU discovery (MTU probing). If MTU probing is enabled,
169 this is the initial MSS used by the connection.
171 tcp_congestion_control - STRING
172 Set the congestion control algorithm to be used for new
173 connections. The algorithm "reno" is always available, but
174 additional choices may be available based on kernel configuration.
175 Default is set as part of kernel configuration.
177 tcp_cookie_size - INTEGER
178 Default size of TCP Cookie Transactions (TCPCT) option, that may be
179 overridden on a per socket basis by the TCPCT socket option.
180 Values greater than the maximum (16) are interpreted as the maximum.
181 Values greater than zero and less than the minimum (8) are interpreted
182 as the minimum. Odd values are interpreted as the next even value.
186 Allows TCP to send "duplicate" SACKs.
189 Enable Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) in TCP. ECN is only
190 used when both ends of the TCP flow support it. It is useful to
191 avoid losses due to congestion (when the bottleneck router supports
196 2 Only server-side ECN enabled. If the other end does
197 not support ECN, behavior is like with ECN disabled.
201 Enable FACK congestion avoidance and fast retransmission.
202 The value is not used, if tcp_sack is not enabled.
204 tcp_fin_timeout - INTEGER
205 Time to hold socket in state FIN-WAIT-2, if it was closed
206 by our side. Peer can be broken and never close its side,
207 or even died unexpectedly. Default value is 60sec.
208 Usual value used in 2.2 was 180 seconds, you may restore
209 it, but remember that if your machine is even underloaded WEB server,
210 you risk to overflow memory with kilotons of dead sockets,
211 FIN-WAIT-2 sockets are less dangerous than FIN-WAIT-1,
212 because they eat maximum 1.5K of memory, but they tend
213 to live longer. Cf. tcp_max_orphans.
216 Enables Forward RTO-Recovery (F-RTO) defined in RFC4138.
217 F-RTO is an enhanced recovery algorithm for TCP retransmission
218 timeouts. It is particularly beneficial in wireless environments
219 where packet loss is typically due to random radio interference
220 rather than intermediate router congestion. F-RTO is sender-side
221 only modification. Therefore it does not require any support from
224 If set to 1, basic version is enabled. 2 enables SACK enhanced
225 F-RTO if flow uses SACK. The basic version can be used also when
226 SACK is in use though scenario(s) with it exists where F-RTO
227 interacts badly with the packet counting of the SACK enabled TCP
230 tcp_frto_response - INTEGER
231 When F-RTO has detected that a TCP retransmission timeout was
232 spurious (i.e, the timeout would have been avoided had TCP set a
233 longer retransmission timeout), TCP has several options what to do
234 next. Possible values are:
235 0 Rate halving based; a smooth and conservative response,
236 results in halved cwnd and ssthresh after one RTT
237 1 Very conservative response; not recommended because even
238 though being valid, it interacts poorly with the rest of
239 Linux TCP, halves cwnd and ssthresh immediately
240 2 Aggressive response; undoes congestion control measures
241 that are now known to be unnecessary (ignoring the
242 possibility of a lost retransmission that would require
243 TCP to be more cautious), cwnd and ssthresh are restored
244 to the values prior timeout
245 Default: 0 (rate halving based)
247 tcp_keepalive_time - INTEGER
248 How often TCP sends out keepalive messages when keepalive is enabled.
251 tcp_keepalive_probes - INTEGER
252 How many keepalive probes TCP sends out, until it decides that the
253 connection is broken. Default value: 9.
255 tcp_keepalive_intvl - INTEGER
256 How frequently the probes are send out. Multiplied by
257 tcp_keepalive_probes it is time to kill not responding connection,
258 after probes started. Default value: 75sec i.e. connection
259 will be aborted after ~11 minutes of retries.
261 tcp_low_latency - BOOLEAN
262 If set, the TCP stack makes decisions that prefer lower
263 latency as opposed to higher throughput. By default, this
264 option is not set meaning that higher throughput is preferred.
265 An example of an application where this default should be
266 changed would be a Beowulf compute cluster.
269 tcp_max_orphans - INTEGER
270 Maximal number of TCP sockets not attached to any user file handle,
271 held by system. If this number is exceeded orphaned connections are
272 reset immediately and warning is printed. This limit exists
273 only to prevent simple DoS attacks, you _must_ not rely on this
274 or lower the limit artificially, but rather increase it
275 (probably, after increasing installed memory),
276 if network conditions require more than default value,
277 and tune network services to linger and kill such states
278 more aggressively. Let me to remind again: each orphan eats
279 up to ~64K of unswappable memory.
281 tcp_max_syn_backlog - INTEGER
282 Maximal number of remembered connection requests, which are
283 still did not receive an acknowledgment from connecting client.
284 Default value is 1024 for systems with more than 128Mb of memory,
285 and 128 for low memory machines. If server suffers of overload,
286 try to increase this number.
288 tcp_max_tw_buckets - INTEGER
289 Maximal number of timewait sockets held by system simultaneously.
290 If this number is exceeded time-wait socket is immediately destroyed
291 and warning is printed. This limit exists only to prevent
292 simple DoS attacks, you _must_ not lower the limit artificially,
293 but rather increase it (probably, after increasing installed memory),
294 if network conditions require more than default value.
296 tcp_mem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, pressure, max
297 min: below this number of pages TCP is not bothered about its
300 pressure: when amount of memory allocated by TCP exceeds this number
301 of pages, TCP moderates its memory consumption and enters memory
302 pressure mode, which is exited when memory consumption falls
305 max: number of pages allowed for queueing by all TCP sockets.
307 Defaults are calculated at boot time from amount of available
310 tcp_moderate_rcvbuf - BOOLEAN
311 If set, TCP performs receive buffer auto-tuning, attempting to
312 automatically size the buffer (no greater than tcp_rmem[2]) to
313 match the size required by the path for full throughput. Enabled by
316 tcp_mtu_probing - INTEGER
317 Controls TCP Packetization-Layer Path MTU Discovery. Takes three
320 1 - Disabled by default, enabled when an ICMP black hole detected
321 2 - Always enabled, use initial MSS of tcp_base_mss.
323 tcp_no_metrics_save - BOOLEAN
324 By default, TCP saves various connection metrics in the route cache
325 when the connection closes, so that connections established in the
326 near future can use these to set initial conditions. Usually, this
327 increases overall performance, but may sometimes cause performance
328 degradation. If set, TCP will not cache metrics on closing
331 tcp_orphan_retries - INTEGER
332 This value influences the timeout of a locally closed TCP connection,
333 when RTO retransmissions remain unacknowledged.
334 See tcp_retries2 for more details.
336 The default value is 7.
337 If your machine is a loaded WEB server,
338 you should think about lowering this value, such sockets
339 may consume significant resources. Cf. tcp_max_orphans.
341 tcp_reordering - INTEGER
342 Maximal reordering of packets in a TCP stream.
345 tcp_retrans_collapse - BOOLEAN
346 Bug-to-bug compatibility with some broken printers.
347 On retransmit try to send bigger packets to work around bugs in
350 tcp_retries1 - INTEGER
351 This value influences the time, after which TCP decides, that
352 something is wrong due to unacknowledged RTO retransmissions,
353 and reports this suspicion to the network layer.
354 See tcp_retries2 for more details.
356 RFC 1122 recommends at least 3 retransmissions, which is the
359 tcp_retries2 - INTEGER
360 This value influences the timeout of an alive TCP connection,
361 when RTO retransmissions remain unacknowledged.
362 Given a value of N, a hypothetical TCP connection following
363 exponential backoff with an initial RTO of TCP_RTO_MIN would
364 retransmit N times before killing the connection at the (N+1)th RTO.
366 The default value of 15 yields a hypothetical timeout of 924.6
367 seconds and is a lower bound for the effective timeout.
368 TCP will effectively time out at the first RTO which exceeds the
369 hypothetical timeout.
371 RFC 1122 recommends at least 100 seconds for the timeout,
372 which corresponds to a value of at least 8.
374 tcp_rfc1337 - BOOLEAN
375 If set, the TCP stack behaves conforming to RFC1337. If unset,
376 we are not conforming to RFC, but prevent TCP TIME_WAIT
380 tcp_rmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
381 min: Minimal size of receive buffer used by TCP sockets.
382 It is guaranteed to each TCP socket, even under moderate memory
386 default: initial size of receive buffer used by TCP sockets.
387 This value overrides net.core.rmem_default used by other protocols.
388 Default: 87380 bytes. This value results in window of 65535 with
389 default setting of tcp_adv_win_scale and tcp_app_win:0 and a bit
390 less for default tcp_app_win. See below about these variables.
392 max: maximal size of receive buffer allowed for automatically
393 selected receiver buffers for TCP socket. This value does not override
394 net.core.rmem_max. Calling setsockopt() with SO_RCVBUF disables
395 automatic tuning of that socket's receive buffer size, in which
396 case this value is ignored.
397 Default: between 87380B and 4MB, depending on RAM size.
400 Enable select acknowledgments (SACKS).
402 tcp_slow_start_after_idle - BOOLEAN
403 If set, provide RFC2861 behavior and time out the congestion
404 window after an idle period. An idle period is defined at
405 the current RTO. If unset, the congestion window will not
406 be timed out after an idle period.
410 Use the Host requirements interpretation of the TCP urgent pointer field.
411 Most hosts use the older BSD interpretation, so if you turn this on
412 Linux might not communicate correctly with them.
415 tcp_synack_retries - INTEGER
416 Number of times SYNACKs for a passive TCP connection attempt will
417 be retransmitted. Should not be higher than 255. Default value
418 is 5, which corresponds to ~180seconds.
420 tcp_syncookies - BOOLEAN
421 Only valid when the kernel was compiled with CONFIG_SYNCOOKIES
422 Send out syncookies when the syn backlog queue of a socket
423 overflows. This is to prevent against the common 'SYN flood attack'
426 Note, that syncookies is fallback facility.
427 It MUST NOT be used to help highly loaded servers to stand
428 against legal connection rate. If you see SYN flood warnings
429 in your logs, but investigation shows that they occur
430 because of overload with legal connections, you should tune
431 another parameters until this warning disappear.
432 See: tcp_max_syn_backlog, tcp_synack_retries, tcp_abort_on_overflow.
434 syncookies seriously violate TCP protocol, do not allow
435 to use TCP extensions, can result in serious degradation
436 of some services (f.e. SMTP relaying), visible not by you,
437 but your clients and relays, contacting you. While you see
438 SYN flood warnings in logs not being really flooded, your server
439 is seriously misconfigured.
441 tcp_syn_retries - INTEGER
442 Number of times initial SYNs for an active TCP connection attempt
443 will be retransmitted. Should not be higher than 255. Default value
444 is 5, which corresponds to ~180seconds.
446 tcp_timestamps - BOOLEAN
447 Enable timestamps as defined in RFC1323.
449 tcp_tso_win_divisor - INTEGER
450 This allows control over what percentage of the congestion window
451 can be consumed by a single TSO frame.
452 The setting of this parameter is a choice between burstiness and
453 building larger TSO frames.
456 tcp_tw_recycle - BOOLEAN
457 Enable fast recycling TIME-WAIT sockets. Default value is 0.
458 It should not be changed without advice/request of technical
461 tcp_tw_reuse - BOOLEAN
462 Allow to reuse TIME-WAIT sockets for new connections when it is
463 safe from protocol viewpoint. Default value is 0.
464 It should not be changed without advice/request of technical
467 tcp_window_scaling - BOOLEAN
468 Enable window scaling as defined in RFC1323.
470 tcp_wmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
471 min: Amount of memory reserved for send buffers for TCP sockets.
472 Each TCP socket has rights to use it due to fact of its birth.
475 default: initial size of send buffer used by TCP sockets. This
476 value overrides net.core.wmem_default used by other protocols.
477 It is usually lower than net.core.wmem_default.
480 max: Maximal amount of memory allowed for automatically tuned
481 send buffers for TCP sockets. This value does not override
482 net.core.wmem_max. Calling setsockopt() with SO_SNDBUF disables
483 automatic tuning of that socket's send buffer size, in which case
484 this value is ignored.
485 Default: between 64K and 4MB, depending on RAM size.
487 tcp_workaround_signed_windows - BOOLEAN
488 If set, assume no receipt of a window scaling option means the
489 remote TCP is broken and treats the window as a signed quantity.
490 If unset, assume the remote TCP is not broken even if we do
491 not receive a window scaling option from them.
494 tcp_dma_copybreak - INTEGER
495 Lower limit, in bytes, of the size of socket reads that will be
496 offloaded to a DMA copy engine, if one is present in the system
497 and CONFIG_NET_DMA is enabled.
500 tcp_thin_linear_timeouts - BOOLEAN
501 Enable dynamic triggering of linear timeouts for thin streams.
502 If set, a check is performed upon retransmission by timeout to
503 determine if the stream is thin (less than 4 packets in flight).
504 As long as the stream is found to be thin, up to 6 linear
505 timeouts may be performed before exponential backoff mode is
506 initiated. This improves retransmission latency for
507 non-aggressive thin streams, often found to be time-dependent.
508 For more information on thin streams, see
509 Documentation/networking/tcp-thin.txt
512 tcp_thin_dupack - BOOLEAN
513 Enable dynamic triggering of retransmissions after one dupACK
514 for thin streams. If set, a check is performed upon reception
515 of a dupACK to determine if the stream is thin (less than 4
516 packets in flight). As long as the stream is found to be thin,
517 data is retransmitted on the first received dupACK. This
518 improves retransmission latency for non-aggressive thin
519 streams, often found to be time-dependent.
520 For more information on thin streams, see
521 Documentation/networking/tcp-thin.txt
526 udp_mem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, pressure, max
527 Number of pages allowed for queueing by all UDP sockets.
529 min: Below this number of pages UDP is not bothered about its
530 memory appetite. When amount of memory allocated by UDP exceeds
531 this number, UDP starts to moderate memory usage.
533 pressure: This value was introduced to follow format of tcp_mem.
535 max: Number of pages allowed for queueing by all UDP sockets.
537 Default is calculated at boot time from amount of available memory.
539 udp_rmem_min - INTEGER
540 Minimal size of receive buffer used by UDP sockets in moderation.
541 Each UDP socket is able to use the size for receiving data, even if
542 total pages of UDP sockets exceed udp_mem pressure. The unit is byte.
545 udp_wmem_min - INTEGER
546 Minimal size of send buffer used by UDP sockets in moderation.
547 Each UDP socket is able to use the size for sending data, even if
548 total pages of UDP sockets exceed udp_mem pressure. The unit is byte.
553 cipso_cache_enable - BOOLEAN
554 If set, enable additions to and lookups from the CIPSO label mapping
555 cache. If unset, additions are ignored and lookups always result in a
556 miss. However, regardless of the setting the cache is still
557 invalidated when required when means you can safely toggle this on and
558 off and the cache will always be "safe".
561 cipso_cache_bucket_size - INTEGER
562 The CIPSO label cache consists of a fixed size hash table with each
563 hash bucket containing a number of cache entries. This variable limits
564 the number of entries in each hash bucket; the larger the value the
565 more CIPSO label mappings that can be cached. When the number of
566 entries in a given hash bucket reaches this limit adding new entries
567 causes the oldest entry in the bucket to be removed to make room.
570 cipso_rbm_optfmt - BOOLEAN
571 Enable the "Optimized Tag 1 Format" as defined in section 3.4.2.6 of
572 the CIPSO draft specification (see Documentation/netlabel for details).
573 This means that when set the CIPSO tag will be padded with empty
574 categories in order to make the packet data 32-bit aligned.
577 cipso_rbm_structvalid - BOOLEAN
578 If set, do a very strict check of the CIPSO option when
579 ip_options_compile() is called. If unset, relax the checks done during
580 ip_options_compile(). Either way is "safe" as errors are caught else
581 where in the CIPSO processing code but setting this to 0 (False) should
582 result in less work (i.e. it should be faster) but could cause problems
583 with other implementations that require strict checking.
588 ip_local_port_range - 2 INTEGERS
589 Defines the local port range that is used by TCP and UDP to
590 choose the local port. The first number is the first, the
591 second the last local port number. Default value depends on
592 amount of memory available on the system:
594 < 128Mb 1024-4999 or even less.
595 This number defines number of active connections, which this
596 system can issue simultaneously to systems not supporting
597 TCP extensions (timestamps). With tcp_tw_recycle enabled
598 (i.e. by default) range 1024-4999 is enough to issue up to
599 2000 connections per second to systems supporting timestamps.
601 ip_local_reserved_ports - list of comma separated ranges
602 Specify the ports which are reserved for known third-party
603 applications. These ports will not be used by automatic port
604 assignments (e.g. when calling connect() or bind() with port
605 number 0). Explicit port allocation behavior is unchanged.
607 The format used for both input and output is a comma separated
608 list of ranges (e.g. "1,2-4,10-10" for ports 1, 2, 3, 4 and
609 10). Writing to the file will clear all previously reserved
610 ports and update the current list with the one given in the
613 Note that ip_local_port_range and ip_local_reserved_ports
614 settings are independent and both are considered by the kernel
615 when determining which ports are available for automatic port
618 You can reserve ports which are not in the current
619 ip_local_port_range, e.g.:
621 $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
623 $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_reserved_ports
626 although this is redundant. However such a setting is useful
627 if later the port range is changed to a value that will
628 include the reserved ports.
632 ip_nonlocal_bind - BOOLEAN
633 If set, allows processes to bind() to non-local IP addresses,
634 which can be quite useful - but may break some applications.
638 If set non-zero, enables support for dynamic addresses.
639 If set to a non-zero value larger than 1, a kernel log
640 message will be printed when dynamic address rewriting
644 icmp_echo_ignore_all - BOOLEAN
645 If set non-zero, then the kernel will ignore all ICMP ECHO
649 icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts - BOOLEAN
650 If set non-zero, then the kernel will ignore all ICMP ECHO and
651 TIMESTAMP requests sent to it via broadcast/multicast.
654 icmp_ratelimit - INTEGER
655 Limit the maximal rates for sending ICMP packets whose type matches
656 icmp_ratemask (see below) to specific targets.
657 0 to disable any limiting,
658 otherwise the minimal space between responses in milliseconds.
661 icmp_ratemask - INTEGER
662 Mask made of ICMP types for which rates are being limited.
663 Significant bits: IHGFEDCBA9876543210
664 Default mask: 0000001100000011000 (6168)
666 Bit definitions (see include/linux/icmp.h):
668 3 Destination Unreachable *
673 C Parameter Problem *
678 H Address Mask Request
681 * These are rate limited by default (see default mask above)
683 icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses - BOOLEAN
684 Some routers violate RFC1122 by sending bogus responses to broadcast
685 frames. Such violations are normally logged via a kernel warning.
686 If this is set to TRUE, the kernel will not give such warnings, which
687 will avoid log file clutter.
690 icmp_errors_use_inbound_ifaddr - BOOLEAN
692 If zero, icmp error messages are sent with the primary address of
693 the exiting interface.
695 If non-zero, the message will be sent with the primary address of
696 the interface that received the packet that caused the icmp error.
697 This is the behaviour network many administrators will expect from
698 a router. And it can make debugging complicated network layouts
701 Note that if no primary address exists for the interface selected,
702 then the primary address of the first non-loopback interface that
703 has one will be used regardless of this setting.
707 igmp_max_memberships - INTEGER
708 Change the maximum number of multicast groups we can subscribe to.
711 conf/interface/* changes special settings per interface (where "interface" is
712 the name of your network interface)
713 conf/all/* is special, changes the settings for all interfaces
716 log_martians - BOOLEAN
717 Log packets with impossible addresses to kernel log.
718 log_martians for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
719 conf/{all,interface}/log_martians is set to TRUE,
720 it will be disabled otherwise
722 accept_redirects - BOOLEAN
723 Accept ICMP redirect messages.
724 accept_redirects for the interface will be enabled if:
725 - both conf/{all,interface}/accept_redirects are TRUE in the case
726 forwarding for the interface is enabled
728 - at least one of conf/{all,interface}/accept_redirects is TRUE in the
729 case forwarding for the interface is disabled
730 accept_redirects for the interface will be disabled otherwise
735 Enable IP forwarding on this interface.
737 mc_forwarding - BOOLEAN
738 Do multicast routing. The kernel needs to be compiled with CONFIG_MROUTE
739 and a multicast routing daemon is required.
740 conf/all/mc_forwarding must also be set to TRUE to enable multicast
741 routing for the interface
744 Integer value used to differentiate the devices by the medium they
745 are attached to. Two devices can have different id values when
746 the broadcast packets are received only on one of them.
747 The default value 0 means that the device is the only interface
748 to its medium, value of -1 means that medium is not known.
750 Currently, it is used to change the proxy_arp behavior:
751 the proxy_arp feature is enabled for packets forwarded between
752 two devices attached to different media.
756 proxy_arp for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
757 conf/{all,interface}/proxy_arp is set to TRUE,
758 it will be disabled otherwise
760 proxy_arp_pvlan - BOOLEAN
761 Private VLAN proxy arp.
762 Basically allow proxy arp replies back to the same interface
763 (from which the ARP request/solicitation was received).
765 This is done to support (ethernet) switch features, like RFC
766 3069, where the individual ports are NOT allowed to
767 communicate with each other, but they are allowed to talk to
768 the upstream router. As described in RFC 3069, it is possible
769 to allow these hosts to communicate through the upstream
770 router by proxy_arp'ing. Don't need to be used together with
773 This technology is known by different names:
774 In RFC 3069 it is called VLAN Aggregation.
775 Cisco and Allied Telesyn call it Private VLAN.
776 Hewlett-Packard call it Source-Port filtering or port-isolation.
777 Ericsson call it MAC-Forced Forwarding (RFC Draft).
779 shared_media - BOOLEAN
780 Send(router) or accept(host) RFC1620 shared media redirects.
781 Overrides ip_secure_redirects.
782 shared_media for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
783 conf/{all,interface}/shared_media is set to TRUE,
784 it will be disabled otherwise
787 secure_redirects - BOOLEAN
788 Accept ICMP redirect messages only for gateways,
789 listed in default gateway list.
790 secure_redirects for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
791 conf/{all,interface}/secure_redirects is set to TRUE,
792 it will be disabled otherwise
795 send_redirects - BOOLEAN
796 Send redirects, if router.
797 send_redirects for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
798 conf/{all,interface}/send_redirects is set to TRUE,
799 it will be disabled otherwise
802 bootp_relay - BOOLEAN
803 Accept packets with source address 0.b.c.d destined
804 not to this host as local ones. It is supposed, that
805 BOOTP relay daemon will catch and forward such packets.
806 conf/all/bootp_relay must also be set to TRUE to enable BOOTP relay
811 accept_source_route - BOOLEAN
812 Accept packets with SRR option.
813 conf/all/accept_source_route must also be set to TRUE to accept packets
814 with SRR option on the interface
815 default TRUE (router)
818 accept_local - BOOLEAN
819 Accept packets with local source addresses. In combination with
820 suitable routing, this can be used to direct packets between two
821 local interfaces over the wire and have them accepted properly.
825 0 - No source validation.
826 1 - Strict mode as defined in RFC3704 Strict Reverse Path
827 Each incoming packet is tested against the FIB and if the interface
828 is not the best reverse path the packet check will fail.
829 By default failed packets are discarded.
830 2 - Loose mode as defined in RFC3704 Loose Reverse Path
831 Each incoming packet's source address is also tested against the FIB
832 and if the source address is not reachable via any interface
833 the packet check will fail.
835 Current recommended practice in RFC3704 is to enable strict mode
836 to prevent IP spoofing from DDos attacks. If using asymmetric routing
837 or other complicated routing, then loose mode is recommended.
839 The max value from conf/{all,interface}/rp_filter is used
840 when doing source validation on the {interface}.
842 Default value is 0. Note that some distributions enable it
846 1 - Allows you to have multiple network interfaces on the same
847 subnet, and have the ARPs for each interface be answered
848 based on whether or not the kernel would route a packet from
849 the ARP'd IP out that interface (therefore you must use source
850 based routing for this to work). In other words it allows control
851 of which cards (usually 1) will respond to an arp request.
853 0 - (default) The kernel can respond to arp requests with addresses
854 from other interfaces. This may seem wrong but it usually makes
855 sense, because it increases the chance of successful communication.
856 IP addresses are owned by the complete host on Linux, not by
857 particular interfaces. Only for more complex setups like load-
858 balancing, does this behaviour cause problems.
860 arp_filter for the interface will be enabled if at least one of
861 conf/{all,interface}/arp_filter is set to TRUE,
862 it will be disabled otherwise
864 arp_announce - INTEGER
865 Define different restriction levels for announcing the local
866 source IP address from IP packets in ARP requests sent on
868 0 - (default) Use any local address, configured on any interface
869 1 - Try to avoid local addresses that are not in the target's
870 subnet for this interface. This mode is useful when target
871 hosts reachable via this interface require the source IP
872 address in ARP requests to be part of their logical network
873 configured on the receiving interface. When we generate the
874 request we will check all our subnets that include the
875 target IP and will preserve the source address if it is from
876 such subnet. If there is no such subnet we select source
877 address according to the rules for level 2.
878 2 - Always use the best local address for this target.
879 In this mode we ignore the source address in the IP packet
880 and try to select local address that we prefer for talks with
881 the target host. Such local address is selected by looking
882 for primary IP addresses on all our subnets on the outgoing
883 interface that include the target IP address. If no suitable
884 local address is found we select the first local address
885 we have on the outgoing interface or on all other interfaces,
886 with the hope we will receive reply for our request and
887 even sometimes no matter the source IP address we announce.
889 The max value from conf/{all,interface}/arp_announce is used.
891 Increasing the restriction level gives more chance for
892 receiving answer from the resolved target while decreasing
893 the level announces more valid sender's information.
896 Define different modes for sending replies in response to
897 received ARP requests that resolve local target IP addresses:
898 0 - (default): reply for any local target IP address, configured
900 1 - reply only if the target IP address is local address
901 configured on the incoming interface
902 2 - reply only if the target IP address is local address
903 configured on the incoming interface and both with the
904 sender's IP address are part from same subnet on this interface
905 3 - do not reply for local addresses configured with scope host,
906 only resolutions for global and link addresses are replied
908 8 - do not reply for all local addresses
910 The max value from conf/{all,interface}/arp_ignore is used
911 when ARP request is received on the {interface}
914 Define mode for notification of address and device changes.
915 0 - (default): do nothing
916 1 - Generate gratuitous arp requests when device is brought up
917 or hardware address changes.
920 Define behavior for gratuitous ARP frames who's IP is not
921 already present in the ARP table:
922 0 - don't create new entries in the ARP table
923 1 - create new entries in the ARP table
925 Both replies and requests type gratuitous arp will trigger the
926 ARP table to be updated, if this setting is on.
928 If the ARP table already contains the IP address of the
929 gratuitous arp frame, the arp table will be updated regardless
930 if this setting is on or off.
933 app_solicit - INTEGER
934 The maximum number of probes to send to the user space ARP daemon
935 via netlink before dropping back to multicast probes (see
936 mcast_solicit). Defaults to 0.
938 disable_policy - BOOLEAN
939 Disable IPSEC policy (SPD) for this interface
941 disable_xfrm - BOOLEAN
942 Disable IPSEC encryption on this interface, whatever the policy
947 Allows you to write a number, which can be used as required.
957 delon.nicolas@wanadoo.fr
962 /proc/sys/net/ipv6/* Variables:
964 IPv6 has no global variables such as tcp_*. tcp_* settings under ipv4/ also
965 apply to IPv6 [XXX?].
968 Default value for IPV6_V6ONLY socket option,
969 which restricts use of the IPv6 socket to IPv6 communication
971 TRUE: disable IPv4-mapped address feature
972 FALSE: enable IPv4-mapped address feature
974 Default: FALSE (as specified in RFC2553bis)
978 ip6frag_high_thresh - INTEGER
979 Maximum memory used to reassemble IPv6 fragments. When
980 ip6frag_high_thresh bytes of memory is allocated for this purpose,
981 the fragment handler will toss packets until ip6frag_low_thresh
984 ip6frag_low_thresh - INTEGER
985 See ip6frag_high_thresh
987 ip6frag_time - INTEGER
988 Time in seconds to keep an IPv6 fragment in memory.
990 ip6frag_secret_interval - INTEGER
991 Regeneration interval (in seconds) of the hash secret (or lifetime
992 for the hash secret) for IPv6 fragments.
996 Change the interface-specific default settings.
1000 Change all the interface-specific settings.
1002 [XXX: Other special features than forwarding?]
1004 conf/all/forwarding - BOOLEAN
1005 Enable global IPv6 forwarding between all interfaces.
1007 IPv4 and IPv6 work differently here; e.g. netfilter must be used
1008 to control which interfaces may forward packets and which not.
1010 This also sets all interfaces' Host/Router setting
1011 'forwarding' to the specified value. See below for details.
1013 This referred to as global forwarding.
1019 Change special settings per interface.
1021 The functional behaviour for certain settings is different
1022 depending on whether local forwarding is enabled or not.
1025 Accept Router Advertisements; autoconfigure using them.
1027 Possible values are:
1028 0 Do not accept Router Advertisements.
1029 1 Accept Router Advertisements if forwarding is disabled.
1030 2 Overrule forwarding behaviour. Accept Router Advertisements
1031 even if forwarding is enabled.
1033 Functional default: enabled if local forwarding is disabled.
1034 disabled if local forwarding is enabled.
1036 accept_ra_defrtr - BOOLEAN
1037 Learn default router in Router Advertisement.
1039 Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
1040 disabled if accept_ra is disabled.
1042 accept_ra_pinfo - BOOLEAN
1043 Learn Prefix Information in Router Advertisement.
1045 Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
1046 disabled if accept_ra is disabled.
1048 accept_ra_rt_info_max_plen - INTEGER
1049 Maximum prefix length of Route Information in RA.
1051 Route Information w/ prefix larger than or equal to this
1052 variable shall be ignored.
1054 Functional default: 0 if accept_ra_rtr_pref is enabled.
1055 -1 if accept_ra_rtr_pref is disabled.
1057 accept_ra_rtr_pref - BOOLEAN
1058 Accept Router Preference in RA.
1060 Functional default: enabled if accept_ra is enabled.
1061 disabled if accept_ra is disabled.
1063 accept_redirects - BOOLEAN
1066 Functional default: enabled if local forwarding is disabled.
1067 disabled if local forwarding is enabled.
1069 accept_source_route - INTEGER
1070 Accept source routing (routing extension header).
1072 >= 0: Accept only routing header type 2.
1073 < 0: Do not accept routing header.
1078 Autoconfigure addresses using Prefix Information in Router
1081 Functional default: enabled if accept_ra_pinfo is enabled.
1082 disabled if accept_ra_pinfo is disabled.
1084 dad_transmits - INTEGER
1085 The amount of Duplicate Address Detection probes to send.
1088 forwarding - BOOLEAN
1089 Configure interface-specific Host/Router behaviour.
1091 Note: It is recommended to have the same setting on all
1092 interfaces; mixed router/host scenarios are rather uncommon.
1094 Possible values are:
1095 0 Forwarding disabled
1096 1 Forwarding enabled
1097 2 Forwarding enabled (Hybrid Mode)
1101 By default, Host behaviour is assumed. This means:
1103 1. IsRouter flag is not set in Neighbour Advertisements.
1104 2. Router Solicitations are being sent when necessary.
1105 3. If accept_ra is TRUE (default), accept Router
1106 Advertisements (and do autoconfiguration).
1107 4. If accept_redirects is TRUE (default), accept Redirects.
1111 If local forwarding is enabled, Router behaviour is assumed.
1112 This means exactly the reverse from the above:
1114 1. IsRouter flag is set in Neighbour Advertisements.
1115 2. Router Solicitations are not sent.
1116 3. Router Advertisements are ignored unless accept_ra is 2.
1117 4. Redirects are ignored.
1121 Hybrid mode. Same behaviour as TRUE, except for:
1123 2. Router Solicitations are being sent when necessary.
1125 Default: 0 (disabled) if global forwarding is disabled (default),
1126 otherwise 1 (enabled).
1129 Default Hop Limit to set.
1133 Default Maximum Transfer Unit
1134 Default: 1280 (IPv6 required minimum)
1136 router_probe_interval - INTEGER
1137 Minimum interval (in seconds) between Router Probing described
1142 router_solicitation_delay - INTEGER
1143 Number of seconds to wait after interface is brought up
1144 before sending Router Solicitations.
1147 router_solicitation_interval - INTEGER
1148 Number of seconds to wait between Router Solicitations.
1151 router_solicitations - INTEGER
1152 Number of Router Solicitations to send until assuming no
1153 routers are present.
1156 use_tempaddr - INTEGER
1157 Preference for Privacy Extensions (RFC3041).
1158 <= 0 : disable Privacy Extensions
1159 == 1 : enable Privacy Extensions, but prefer public
1160 addresses over temporary addresses.
1161 > 1 : enable Privacy Extensions and prefer temporary
1162 addresses over public addresses.
1163 Default: 0 (for most devices)
1164 -1 (for point-to-point devices and loopback devices)
1166 temp_valid_lft - INTEGER
1167 valid lifetime (in seconds) for temporary addresses.
1168 Default: 604800 (7 days)
1170 temp_prefered_lft - INTEGER
1171 Preferred lifetime (in seconds) for temporary addresses.
1172 Default: 86400 (1 day)
1174 max_desync_factor - INTEGER
1175 Maximum value for DESYNC_FACTOR, which is a random value
1176 that ensures that clients don't synchronize with each
1177 other and generate new addresses at exactly the same time.
1178 value is in seconds.
1181 regen_max_retry - INTEGER
1182 Number of attempts before give up attempting to generate
1183 valid temporary addresses.
1186 max_addresses - INTEGER
1187 Maximum number of autoconfigured addresses per interface. Setting
1188 to zero disables the limitation. It is not recommended to set this
1189 value too large (or to zero) because it would be an easy way to
1190 crash the kernel by allowing too many addresses to be created.
1193 disable_ipv6 - BOOLEAN
1194 Disable IPv6 operation. If accept_dad is set to 2, this value
1195 will be dynamically set to TRUE if DAD fails for the link-local
1197 Default: FALSE (enable IPv6 operation)
1199 When this value is changed from 1 to 0 (IPv6 is being enabled),
1200 it will dynamically create a link-local address on the given
1201 interface and start Duplicate Address Detection, if necessary.
1203 When this value is changed from 0 to 1 (IPv6 is being disabled),
1204 it will dynamically delete all address on the given interface.
1206 accept_dad - INTEGER
1207 Whether to accept DAD (Duplicate Address Detection).
1209 1: Enable DAD (default)
1210 2: Enable DAD, and disable IPv6 operation if MAC-based duplicate
1211 link-local address has been found.
1213 force_tllao - BOOLEAN
1214 Enable sending the target link-layer address option even when
1215 responding to a unicast neighbor solicitation.
1218 Quoting from RFC 2461, section 4.4, Target link-layer address:
1220 "The option MUST be included for multicast solicitations in order to
1221 avoid infinite Neighbor Solicitation "recursion" when the peer node
1222 does not have a cache entry to return a Neighbor Advertisements
1223 message. When responding to unicast solicitations, the option can be
1224 omitted since the sender of the solicitation has the correct link-
1225 layer address; otherwise it would not have be able to send the unicast
1226 solicitation in the first place. However, including the link-layer
1227 address in this case adds little overhead and eliminates a potential
1228 race condition where the sender deletes the cached link-layer address
1229 prior to receiving a response to a previous solicitation."
1233 Limit the maximal rates for sending ICMPv6 packets.
1234 0 to disable any limiting,
1235 otherwise the minimal space between responses in milliseconds.
1240 Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
1241 YOSHIFUJI Hideaki / USAGI Project <yoshfuji@linux-ipv6.org>
1244 /proc/sys/net/bridge/* Variables:
1246 bridge-nf-call-arptables - BOOLEAN
1247 1 : pass bridged ARP traffic to arptables' FORWARD chain.
1251 bridge-nf-call-iptables - BOOLEAN
1252 1 : pass bridged IPv4 traffic to iptables' chains.
1256 bridge-nf-call-ip6tables - BOOLEAN
1257 1 : pass bridged IPv6 traffic to ip6tables' chains.
1261 bridge-nf-filter-vlan-tagged - BOOLEAN
1262 1 : pass bridged vlan-tagged ARP/IP/IPv6 traffic to {arp,ip,ip6}tables.
1266 bridge-nf-filter-pppoe-tagged - BOOLEAN
1267 1 : pass bridged pppoe-tagged IP/IPv6 traffic to {ip,ip6}tables.
1272 proc/sys/net/sctp/* Variables:
1274 addip_enable - BOOLEAN
1275 Enable or disable extension of Dynamic Address Reconfiguration
1276 (ADD-IP) functionality specified in RFC5061. This extension provides
1277 the ability to dynamically add and remove new addresses for the SCTP
1280 1: Enable extension.
1282 0: Disable extension.
1286 addip_noauth_enable - BOOLEAN
1287 Dynamic Address Reconfiguration (ADD-IP) requires the use of
1288 authentication to protect the operations of adding or removing new
1289 addresses. This requirement is mandated so that unauthorized hosts
1290 would not be able to hijack associations. However, older
1291 implementations may not have implemented this requirement while
1292 allowing the ADD-IP extension. For reasons of interoperability,
1293 we provide this variable to control the enforcement of the
1294 authentication requirement.
1296 1: Allow ADD-IP extension to be used without authentication. This
1297 should only be set in a closed environment for interoperability
1298 with older implementations.
1300 0: Enforce the authentication requirement
1304 auth_enable - BOOLEAN
1305 Enable or disable Authenticated Chunks extension. This extension
1306 provides the ability to send and receive authenticated chunks and is
1307 required for secure operation of Dynamic Address Reconfiguration
1310 1: Enable this extension.
1311 0: Disable this extension.
1315 prsctp_enable - BOOLEAN
1316 Enable or disable the Partial Reliability extension (RFC3758) which
1317 is used to notify peers that a given DATA should no longer be expected.
1325 The limit of the number of new packets that can be initially sent. It
1326 controls how bursty the generated traffic can be.
1330 association_max_retrans - INTEGER
1331 Set the maximum number for retransmissions that an association can
1332 attempt deciding that the remote end is unreachable. If this value
1333 is exceeded, the association is terminated.
1337 max_init_retransmits - INTEGER
1338 The maximum number of retransmissions of INIT and COOKIE-ECHO chunks
1339 that an association will attempt before declaring the destination
1340 unreachable and terminating.
1344 path_max_retrans - INTEGER
1345 The maximum number of retransmissions that will be attempted on a given
1346 path. Once this threshold is exceeded, the path is considered
1347 unreachable, and new traffic will use a different path when the
1348 association is multihomed.
1352 rto_initial - INTEGER
1353 The initial round trip timeout value in milliseconds that will be used
1354 in calculating round trip times. This is the initial time interval
1355 for retransmissions.
1360 The maximum value (in milliseconds) of the round trip timeout. This
1361 is the largest time interval that can elapse between retransmissions.
1366 The minimum value (in milliseconds) of the round trip timeout. This
1367 is the smallest time interval the can elapse between retransmissions.
1371 hb_interval - INTEGER
1372 The interval (in milliseconds) between HEARTBEAT chunks. These chunks
1373 are sent at the specified interval on idle paths to probe the state of
1374 a given path between 2 associations.
1378 sack_timeout - INTEGER
1379 The amount of time (in milliseconds) that the implementation will wait
1384 valid_cookie_life - INTEGER
1385 The default lifetime of the SCTP cookie (in milliseconds). The cookie
1386 is used during association establishment.
1390 cookie_preserve_enable - BOOLEAN
1391 Enable or disable the ability to extend the lifetime of the SCTP cookie
1392 that is used during the establishment phase of SCTP association
1394 1: Enable cookie lifetime extension.
1399 rcvbuf_policy - INTEGER
1400 Determines if the receive buffer is attributed to the socket or to
1401 association. SCTP supports the capability to create multiple
1402 associations on a single socket. When using this capability, it is
1403 possible that a single stalled association that's buffering a lot
1404 of data may block other associations from delivering their data by
1405 consuming all of the receive buffer space. To work around this,
1406 the rcvbuf_policy could be set to attribute the receiver buffer space
1407 to each association instead of the socket. This prevents the described
1410 1: rcvbuf space is per association
1411 0: recbuf space is per socket
1415 sndbuf_policy - INTEGER
1416 Similar to rcvbuf_policy above, this applies to send buffer space.
1418 1: Send buffer is tracked per association
1419 0: Send buffer is tracked per socket.
1423 sctp_mem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, pressure, max
1424 Number of pages allowed for queueing by all SCTP sockets.
1426 min: Below this number of pages SCTP is not bothered about its
1427 memory appetite. When amount of memory allocated by SCTP exceeds
1428 this number, SCTP starts to moderate memory usage.
1430 pressure: This value was introduced to follow format of tcp_mem.
1432 max: Number of pages allowed for queueing by all SCTP sockets.
1434 Default is calculated at boot time from amount of available memory.
1436 sctp_rmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
1437 See tcp_rmem for a description.
1439 sctp_wmem - vector of 3 INTEGERs: min, default, max
1440 See tcp_wmem for a description.
1442 addr_scope_policy - INTEGER
1443 Control IPv4 address scoping - draft-stewart-tsvwg-sctp-ipv4-00
1445 0 - Disable IPv4 address scoping
1446 1 - Enable IPv4 address scoping
1447 2 - Follow draft but allow IPv4 private addresses
1448 3 - Follow draft but allow IPv4 link local addresses
1453 /proc/sys/net/core/*
1454 dev_weight - INTEGER
1455 The maximum number of packets that kernel can handle on a NAPI
1456 interrupt, it's a Per-CPU variable.
1460 /proc/sys/net/unix/*
1461 max_dgram_qlen - INTEGER
1462 The maximum length of dgram socket receive queue
1469 /proc/sys/net/irda/*
1470 fast_poll_increase FIXME
1471 warn_noreply_time FIXME
1472 discovery_slots FIXME
1475 discovery_timeout FIXME
1476 lap_keepalive_time FIXME
1477 max_noreply_time FIXME
1478 max_tx_data_size FIXME
1480 min_tx_turn_time FIXME