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[linux-2.6/linux-acpi-2.6/ibm-acpi-2.6.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
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1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled.
31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32         EDD     BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
36         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40         IP_PNP  IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
42         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44         LP      Printer support is enabled.
45         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
46         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
47                         These options have more detailed description inside of
48                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
50         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
51         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52         MSI     Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
53         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
54         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
55         NUMA    NUMA support is enabled.
56         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
57         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
58         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
59         PARISC  The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
60         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
61         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
62         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
63         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
64         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
65         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
66         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
67         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
68         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
69                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
70                         Documentation/scsi/.
71         SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
72         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
73         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
74         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
75         SWSUSP  Software suspend is enabled.
76         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
77         USB     USB support is enabled.
78         USBHID  USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
79         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
80         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
81         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
82         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
83         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
84         X86-64  X86-64 architecture is enabled.
85                         More X86-64 boot options can be found in
86                         Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
88 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
90         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
91         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
92         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
94 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
95 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
96 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
97 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
99 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
100 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
101 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
102 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
103 running once the system is up.
105         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
106                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
107                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
109         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
110                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
111                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
112                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
113                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
114                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
115                         strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
116                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
118                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
120         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
121                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
122                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
124         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
125                         Format: { level | edge | high | low }
127         acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
128                         ACPI will balance active IRQs
129                         default in APIC mode
131         acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
132                         ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
133                         default in PIC mode
135         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
136                         use by PCI
137                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
139         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
140                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
142         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
144         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
146         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
147                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
148                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
150         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
151                         Format: <int>
152                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
153                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
154                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
155                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
157         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
158                         Format: <int>
159                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
160                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
161                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
162                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
164         acpi_fake_ecdt  [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
166         acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
167                         Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
168                         override platform specific driver.
169                         See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
171         enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
172                         Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
173                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
174                         (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
175                         The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
177         disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
178                         Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
179                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
181         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
182                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
183                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
185         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
186                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
188         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
189                         Format: <io>
191         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
192                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
194         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
195                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
197         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
198                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
199                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
201         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
202                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
204         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
205                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
207         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
208                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
210         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
211                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
213         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
214                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
215                         Format: <a>,<b>
216                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
218         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
219                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
220                         connected to one of 16 gameports
221                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
223         apc=            [HW,SPARC]
224                         Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
225                         Format: noidle
226                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
227                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
228                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
230         apic=           [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
231                         Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
232                         Change the amount of debugging information output
233                         when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
235         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
236                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
238         applicom=       [HW]
239                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
241         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
242                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
244         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
246         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
248         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
250         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
251                         EzKey and similar keyboards
253         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
255         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set
256                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
258         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
259                         keyboards
261         atkbd.softraw=  [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
262                         Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
264         atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
265                         Use software keyboard repeat
267         autotest        [IA64]
269         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
270                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
272         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
273                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
275         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
276                         Format: <io>,<mode>
278         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
279                         Format: <io>,<mode>
280                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
282         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
283                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
284                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
285                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
287         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
288                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
289                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
290                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
292         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
293         blkmtd_erasesz=
294         blkmtd_ro=
295         blkmtd_bs=
296         blkmtd_count=
298         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
299         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as
300                         kernel args too.
301         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
302         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
304         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
305                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
306                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
308         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
310         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
311                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
312                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
313                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
314                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
315                         This option provides an override for these situations.
317         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
318                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
319                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
321         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
323         checkreqprot    [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
324                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
325                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
326                         0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
327                                 any implied execute protection).
328                         1 -- check protection requested by application.
329                         Default value is set via a kernel config option.
330                         Value can be changed at runtime via
331                                 /selinux/checkreqprot.
333         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
334                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
335                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
336                         timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
337                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
339         disable_8254_timer
340         enable_8254_timer
341                         [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
342                         over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
343                         kernel tries to set a sensible default.
345         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
346                         Format: disable
348         cm206=          [HW,CD]
349                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
351         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
352                         Format:
353                         <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
355         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
356                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
358         com90xx=        [HW,NET]
359                         ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
360                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
362         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
363         conmode=
365         console=        [KNL] Output console device and options.
367                 tty<n>  Use the virtual console device <n>.
369                 ttyS<n>[,options]
370                         Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
371                         the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
372                         "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
373                         Default is "9600n8".
375                         See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
377                 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
378                 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
379                         Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
380                         UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
381                         switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
382                         options are the same as for ttyS, above.
384         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
385                         Format:
386                         <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
388         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
389                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
391         crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
392                         [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
393                         hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
395         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
396                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
398         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
399                         Format: <dma>
401         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
402                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
404         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
406         dasd=           [HW,NET]
407                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
409         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
410                         (one device per port)
411                         Format: <port#>,<type>
412                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
414         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
416         decnet=         [HW,NET]
417                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
418                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
420         devfs=          [DEVFS]
421                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
423         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
424                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
426         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
427                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
429         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
430                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
431                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
433         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
434                         support available.
435                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
437         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
439         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
441         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
443         earlyprintk=    [IA-32,X86-64]
444                         earlyprintk=vga
445                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
447                         Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
448                         takes over.
450                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
452                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
454                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
455                         very good.
457                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
458                         console.
460         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
462         ec_intr=        [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
463                         Format: <int>
464                         0: polling mode
465                         non-0: interrupt mode (default)
467         eda=            [HW,PS2]
469         edb=            [HW,PS2]
471         edd=            [EDD]
472                         Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
473                         See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
475         eicon=          [HW,ISDN]
476                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
478         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC,HW]
479                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
481         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
482                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
483                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
485         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
486                         Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
487                         See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
488                         Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
490         elfcorehdr=     [IA-32, X86_64]
491                         Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
492                         image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
493                         pass this option to capture kernel.
494                         See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
496         enforcing       [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
497                         Format: {"0" | "1"}
498                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
499                         0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
500                         1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
501                         Default value is 0.
502                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
504         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
505                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
506                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
508         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
509                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
510                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
512         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
513                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
514                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
516         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
517                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
519         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
520                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
522         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
523                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
525         floppy=         [HW]
526                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
528         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
529                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
531         gamecon.map[2|3]=
532                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
533                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
534                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
535                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
537         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
539         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
540                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
542         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
543                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
545         gscd=           [HW,CD]
546                         Format: <io>
548         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
550         gus=            [HW,OSS]
551                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
553         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
555         hashdist=       [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
556                         are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
557                         for IA-64, off otherwise.
558                         Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
560         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
562         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
563                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
565         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
566         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
568         highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
569                         size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
570                         highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
571                         size on bigger boxes.
573         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
574                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
576         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
578         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
580         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
581         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
582                              keyboard and can not control its state
583                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
584         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
585         i8042.nokbd     [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
586         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
587                              controller
588         i8042.nopnp     [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
589                              controllers
590         i8042.panicblink=
591                         [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
592                              when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
593         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
594         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
596         i810=           [HW,DRM]
598         i8k.ignore_dmi  [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
599                         indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
600                         hardware.
601         i8k.force       [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
602                         does not match list of supported models.
603         i8k.power_status
604                         [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
605                         (disabled by default)
606         i8k.restricted  [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
607                         capability is set.
609         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
610                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
612         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
613                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
615         ide=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
616                         Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
617                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
619         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
620                         Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
621                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
623         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
624                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
626         idle=           [HW]
627                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
629         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
630                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
632         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
633                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
635         init=           [KNL]
636                         Format: <full_path>
637                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
638                         process.
640         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
641                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
642                         startup.
644         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
646         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
647                         Format: <irq>
649         combined_mode=  [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
650                         mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
651                         (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
652                         useful as well).  Note that using the ide or libata
653                         options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
654                         changing hdc to sdb).
655                         Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
657         inttest=        [IA64]
659         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
660                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
661                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
663         ip=             [IP_PNP]
664                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
666         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
667                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
669         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
670                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
672         irqfixup        [HW]
673                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
674                         for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
675                         firmware running.
677         irqpoll         [HW]
678                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
679                         for it. Also check all handlers each timer
680                         interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
681                         firmware running.
683         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
684                         Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
686         isolcpus=       [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
687                         Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
688                         This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
689                         to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
690                         algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
691                         an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
692                         <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
693                         "number of CPUs in system - 1".
695                         This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
696                         alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
697                         tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
698                         suboptimal load balancer performance.
700         isp16=          [HW,CD]
701                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
703         iucv=           [HW,NET]
705         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
706                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
708         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
710         kstack=N        [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
711                         in oops dumps.
713         l2cr=           [PPC]
715         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
716                         disabled it.
718         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
719                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
721         llsc*=          [IA64] See function print_params() in
722                         arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
724         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
725                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
727         lockd.nlm_grace_period=P  [NFS] Assign grace period.
728                         Format: <integer>
730         lockd.nlm_tcpport=N     [NFS] Assign TCP port.
731                         Format: <integer>
733         lockd.nlm_timeout=T     [NFS] Assign timeout value.
734                         Format: <integer>
736         lockd.nlm_udpport=M     [NFS] Assign UDP port.
737                         Format: <integer>
739         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
740                         Format: <irq>
742         loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
743                         console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
744                         also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
745                         loglevels are defined as follows:
747                         0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
748                         1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
749                         2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
750                         3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
751                         4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
752                         5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
753                         6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
754                         7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages
756         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
757                         Format: { n | nk | nM }
758                         n must be a power of two.  The default size
759                         is set in the kernel config file.
761         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
762         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
763         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
764         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
765                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
766                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
767                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
768                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
769                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
770                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
771                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
772                                 port specification list means that device IDs
773                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
774                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
775                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
776                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
778         lpj=n           [KNL]
779                         Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
780                         time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
781                         CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
782                         the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
783                         autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
784                         on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
785                         which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
786                         significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
787                         will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
788                         unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
789                         unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
790                         hardware.
792         ltpc=           [NET]
793                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
795         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI] Format:
796                         <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
798         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI] Format:
799                         <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
801         machvec=        [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
802                         (machvec) in a generic kernel.
803                         Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
805         mad16=          [HW,OSS] Format:
806                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
808         maui=           [HW,OSS]
809                         Format: <io>,<irq>
811         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
812                         be mounted
813                         Format: <1-256>
815         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
816                         should make use of
818         max_addr=[KMG]  [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
819                         equal to this physical address is ignored.
821         max_luns=       [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
822                         Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
824         max_report_luns=
825                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
826                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
828         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
830         mcatest=        [IA-64]
832         mcd=            [HW,CD]
833                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
835         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
837         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
839         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
840                         See Documentation/md.txt.
842         mdacon=         [MDA]
843                         Format: <first>,<last>
844                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
846         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
847                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
848                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
849                         [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
850                         address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
851                         could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
853         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
854                         memory.
856         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
857                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
858                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
859                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
860                         option description.
862         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
863                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
864                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
866         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
867                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
868                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
870         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
871                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
872                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
874         meye.*=         [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
875                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
877         mga=            [HW,DRM]
879         migration_cost=
880                         [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
881                         Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
882                         This debugging option can be used to override the
883                         default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
884                         are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
885                         E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
886                         box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
887                         1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
888                         and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
890                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
891                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
892                         development purposes, not production environments.
894         migration_debug=
895                         [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
896                         Format=<0|1|2>
897                         If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
898                         seems erroneous then this option can be used to
899                         increase verbosity of the detection process.
900                         We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
901                         some more information, and 2 will be really
902                         verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
903                         serial console attached to the system).
905         migration_factor=
906                         [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
907                         Format=<percent>
908                         This debug option can be used to proportionally
909                         increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
910                         costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
911                         E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
912                         costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
913                         eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
914                         migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
915                         by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
916                         migrate tasks)
918                         WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
919                         scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
920                         development purposes, not production environments.
922         mousedev.tap_time=
923                         [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
924                         leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
925                         a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
926                         touchpads working in absolute mode only).
927                         Format: <msecs>
928         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
929                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
930         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
931                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
933         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
934                         Format: <io>,<irq>
936         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
937                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
939         MTD_Region=     [MTD] Format:
940                         <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
942         mtdparts=       [MTD]
943                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
945         mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
946                         [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
947                         ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
949         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
951         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
952                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
954         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
956         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
958         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
960         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
962         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
964         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
965                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
966                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
967                         something different and driver-specific.
968                         This usage is only documented in each driver source
969                         file if at all.
971         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
972                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
974         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
975                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
977         nfs.callback_tcpport=
978                         [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
979                         channel should listen.
981         nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
982                         [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
983                         entries.
985         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
987         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
988                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
989                         is present.
991         noalign         [KNL,ARM]
993         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
994                         IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
996         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
997                         all devices.
999         nobats          [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1000                         on "Classic" PPC cores.
1002         nocache         [ARM]
1004         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1006         noexec          [IA-64]
1008         noexec          [IA-32,X86-64]
1009                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1010                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1012         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1013                         register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1014                         legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1016         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
1018         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1019                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1020                         use it.
1022         nohalt          [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1023                         function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1024                         power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1025                         interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1026                         in certain environments such as networked servers or
1027                         real-time systems.
1029         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1030                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1032         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1034         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1035                         initial RAM disk.
1037         nointroute      [IA-64]
1039         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1041         noltlbs         [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1042                         lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1044         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1046         nomca           [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1048         noresidual      [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1050         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1051                         space.
1053         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1054                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1055                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1057         nosbagart       [IA-64]
1059         nosep           [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1061         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1063         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1065         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1067         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1069         nowb            [ARM]
1071         nr_uarts=       [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1073         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
1074                         Format: <io>
1076         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
1077                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1079         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS] Format:
1080                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1082         oprofile.timer= [HW]
1083                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1085         optcd=          [HW,CD]
1086                         Format: <io>
1088         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1089                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1090                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1092         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1093                         Format: <timeout>
1095         parkbd.port=    [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1096                         connected to, default is 0.
1097                         Format: <parport#>
1098         parkbd.mode=    [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1099                         0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1100                         Format: <mode>
1102         parport=        [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1103                         Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1104                         Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1105                         IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1106                         ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1107                         possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1108                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1109                         should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1110                         settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1111                         (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1112                         Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1113                         are specified on the command line, starting
1114                         with parport0.
1116         parport_init_mode=      [HW,PPT]
1117                         Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1118                         a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1119                         computer where firmware has no options for setting
1120                         up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1121                         Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1122                         Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1124         pas2=           [HW,OSS] Format:
1125                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1127         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
1128                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1130         pause_on_oops=
1131                         Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1132                         the specified number of seconds.  This is to be used if
1133                         your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1135         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
1137         pcd.            [PARIDE]
1138                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1139                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1141         pci=option[,option...]  [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1142                 off             [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1143                 bios            [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1144                                 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1145                                 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1146                 nobios          [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1147                                 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1148                                 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1149                                 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1150                 conf1           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1151                                 Mechanism 1.
1152                 conf2           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1153                                 Mechanism 2.
1154                 nommconf        [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1155                                 Configuration
1156                 nomsi           [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1157                                 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1158                                 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1159                 nosort          [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1160                                 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1161                                 done to get a device order compatible with
1162                                 older kernels.
1163                 biosirq         [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1164                                 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1165                                 on several machines and they hang the machine
1166                                 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1167                                 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1168                                 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1169                                 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1170                                 motherboard.
1171                 rom             [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1172                                 Use with caution as certain devices share
1173                                 address decoders between ROMs and other
1174                                 resources.
1175                 irqmask=0xMMMM  [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1176                                 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1177                                 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1178                                 this way.
1179                 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA        [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1180                                 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1181                                 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1182                                 F0000h-100000h range.
1183                 lastbus=N       [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1184                                 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1185                                 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1186                                 explicitly which ones they are.
1187                 assign-busses   [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1188                                 numbers ourselves, overriding
1189                                 whatever the firmware may have done.
1190                 usepirqmask     [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1191                                 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1192                                 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1193                                 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1194                                 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1195                                 IRQ routing is enabled.
1196                 noacpi          [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1197                                 or for PCI scanning.
1198                 routeirq        Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1199                                 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1200                                 so this option is a temporary workaround
1201                                 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1202                 firmware        [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1203                                 just use the configuration from the
1204                                 bootloader. This is currently used on
1205                                 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1206                                 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1208         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1210         pd.             [PARIDE]
1211                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1213         pdcchassis=     [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1214                         boot time.
1215                         Format: { 0 | 1 }
1216                         See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1218         pf.             [PARIDE]
1219                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1221         pg.             [PARIDE]
1222                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1224         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1225                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1227         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1228                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1229                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1231         pnpacpi=        [ACPI]
1232                         { off }
1234         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
1235                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1237         pnp_reserve_irq=
1238                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1240         pnp_reserve_dma=
1241                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1243         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1244                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1246         pnp_reserve_mem=
1247                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1248                         autoconfiguration.
1249                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1251         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1252                         Format: [schedule,]<number>
1253                         Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1254                         Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1255                                 statistical time based profiling.
1257         processor.max_cstate=   [HW,ACPI]
1258                         Limit processor to maximum C-state
1259                         max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1261         processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1262                         Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1263                         instead using the legacy FADT method
1265         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1266                         before loading.
1267                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1269         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1270                         probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1271         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1272                         per second.
1273         psmouse.resetafter=     [HW,MOUSE]
1274                         Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1275                         (0 = never).
1276         psmouse.resolution=
1277                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1278         psmouse.smartscroll=
1279                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1280                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1282         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1283                         Format:
1284                         <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1286         pt.             [PARIDE]
1287                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1289         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
1291         r128=           [HW,DRM]
1293         raid=           [HW,RAID]
1294                         See Documentation/md.txt.
1296         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1297                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1299         ramdisk_blocksize=      [RAM]
1300                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1302         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1303                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1304                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1306         rcu.blimit=     [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1307                         RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1309         rcu.qhimark=    [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1310                         RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1312         rcu.qlowmark=   [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1313                         RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1315         rcu.rsinterval= [KNL,BOOT,SMP] Set the number of additional
1316                         RCU callbacks to queued before forcing reschedule
1317                         on all cpus.
1319         rdinit=         [KNL]
1320                         Format: <full_path>
1321                         Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1322                         used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1324         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1325                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1326                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1328         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1330         resume=         [SWSUSP]
1331                         Specify the partition device for software suspend
1333         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1334                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1336         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
1337                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1339         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1341         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
1343         rootdelay=      [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1344                         mount the root filesystem
1346         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1348         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1350         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1352         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
1354         sa1100ir        [NET]
1355                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1357         sb=             [HW,OSS]
1358                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1360         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1362         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1363                         Format: <io>,<type>
1364                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1365                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1367         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1368                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1370         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1371                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1373         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1374                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1375                         Format: <integer>
1377         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1378                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1379                         (flags are integer value)
1381         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1383         selinux         [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1384                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
1385                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1386                         0 -- disable.
1387                         1 -- enable.
1388                         Default value is set via kernel config option.
1389                         If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1390                         later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1392         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1394         sg_def_reserved_size=   [SCSI]
1396         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1397                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1399         shapers=        [NET]
1400                         Maximal number of shapers.
1402         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1403                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1405         simeth=         [IA-64]
1406         simscsi=
1408         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1409                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1410                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1412         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1414         smart2=         [HW]
1415                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1417         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1419         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1421         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1423         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1425         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1427         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1429         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1431         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1433         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1435         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1437         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1439         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1441         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1443         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1445         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1447         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1449         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1451         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1453         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1455         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1457         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1459         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1461         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1463         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1465         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1467         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1469         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1471         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1473         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1475         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1477         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1479         snd-interwave-stb=
1480                         [HW,ALSA]
1482         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1484         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1486         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1488         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1490         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1492         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1494         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1495                         [HW,ALSA]
1497         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1498                         [HW,ALSA]
1500         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1502         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1504         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1506         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1508         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1510         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1512         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1514         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1516         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1518         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1520         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1522         snd-sun-amd7930=
1523                         [HW,ALSA]
1525         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1527         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1529         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1531         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1533         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1535         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1537         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1539         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1540                         Format: <reverb>
1542         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1543                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1545         sonypi.*=       [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1546                         See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1548         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1549                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1551         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1552         spia_fio_base=
1553         spia_pedr=
1554         spia_peddr=
1556         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1557                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1559         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1560                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1562         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1563                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1565         sti=            [PARISC,HW]
1566                         Format: <num>
1567                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1568                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1569                         as the initial boot-console.
1570                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1572         sti_font=       [HW]
1573                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1575         stifb=          [HW]
1576                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1578         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1580         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1582         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1583                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1585         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1586                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1588         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1590         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1591                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1593         time            Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1595         tipar.timeout=  [HW,PPT]
1596                         Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1597                         (default 15).
1599         tipar.delay=    [HW,PPT]
1600                         Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1602         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1603                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1605         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1606                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1607                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1609         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1611         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1612                         Format:
1613                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1615         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1616         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1618         turbografx.map[2|3]=    [HW,JOY]
1619                         TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1620                         Format:
1621                         <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1622                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1624         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1625                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1627         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1628                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1630         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1631                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1633         usbhid.mousepoll=
1634                         [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1636         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1637                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1639         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1640                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1641                         Documentation/svga.txt.
1642                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1643                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1644                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1646         vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1647                         size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1648                         minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1649                         decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1650                         mapped kernel RAM.
1652         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1654         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390]
1656         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1657                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1659         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1660                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1662         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1663                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1665         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1666                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1668         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1669         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1671         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1672                         Format:
1673                         <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1675         norandmaps      Don't use address space randomization
1676                         Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1679 ______________________________________________________________________
1680 Changelog:
1682 2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1683         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1685 2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1686                 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1687         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1688         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1689         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1690         reformatting.
1692 2005-10-19      Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1693         Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1695 TODO:
1697         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1698         Add more DRM drivers.