3 Documentation written by Theodore Ts'o
4 Updated by Li Zefan and Tom Zanussi
9 Tracepoints (see Documentation/trace/tracepoints.txt) can be used
10 without creating custom kernel modules to register probe functions
11 using the event tracing infrastructure.
13 Not all tracepoints can be traced using the event tracing system;
14 the kernel developer must provide code snippets which define how the
15 tracing information is saved into the tracing buffer, and how the
16 tracing information should be printed.
18 2. Using Event Tracing
19 ======================
21 2.1 Via the 'set_event' interface
22 ---------------------------------
24 The events which are available for tracing can be found in the file
25 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/available_events.
27 To enable a particular event, such as 'sched_wakeup', simply echo it
28 to /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event. For example:
30 # echo sched_wakeup >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
32 [ Note: '>>' is necessary, otherwise it will firstly disable
35 To disable an event, echo the event name to the set_event file prefixed
36 with an exclamation point:
38 # echo '!sched_wakeup' >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
40 To disable all events, echo an empty line to the set_event file:
42 # echo > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
44 To enable all events, echo '*:*' or '*:' to the set_event file:
46 # echo *:* > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
48 The events are organized into subsystems, such as ext4, irq, sched,
49 etc., and a full event name looks like this: <subsystem>:<event>. The
50 subsystem name is optional, but it is displayed in the available_events
51 file. All of the events in a subsystem can be specified via the syntax
52 "<subsystem>:*"; for example, to enable all irq events, you can use the
55 # echo 'irq:*' > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/set_event
57 2.2 Via the 'enable' toggle
58 ---------------------------
60 The events available are also listed in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/ hierarchy
63 To enable event 'sched_wakeup':
65 # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup/enable
69 # echo 0 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup/enable
71 To enable all events in sched subsystem:
73 # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched/enable
77 # echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/enable
79 When reading one of these enable files, there are four results:
81 0 - all events this file affects are disabled
82 1 - all events this file affects are enabled
83 X - there is a mixture of events enabled and disabled
84 ? - this file does not affect any event
89 In order to facilitate early boot debugging, use boot option:
91 trace_event=[event-list]
93 The format of this boot option is the same as described in section 2.1.
95 3. Defining an event-enabled tracepoint
96 =======================================
98 See The example provided in samples/trace_events
103 Each trace event has a 'format' file associated with it that contains
104 a description of each field in a logged event. This information can
105 be used to parse the binary trace stream, and is also the place to
106 find the field names that can be used in event filters (see section 5).
108 It also displays the format string that will be used to print the
109 event in text mode, along with the event name and ID used for
112 Every event has a set of 'common' fields associated with it; these are
113 the fields prefixed with 'common_'. The other fields vary between
114 events and correspond to the fields defined in the TRACE_EVENT
115 definition for that event.
117 Each field in the format has the form:
119 field:field-type field-name; offset:N; size:N;
121 where offset is the offset of the field in the trace record and size
122 is the size of the data item, in bytes.
124 For example, here's the information displayed for the 'sched_wakeup'
127 # cat /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup/format
132 field:unsigned short common_type; offset:0; size:2;
133 field:unsigned char common_flags; offset:2; size:1;
134 field:unsigned char common_preempt_count; offset:3; size:1;
135 field:int common_pid; offset:4; size:4;
136 field:int common_tgid; offset:8; size:4;
138 field:char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; offset:12; size:16;
139 field:pid_t pid; offset:28; size:4;
140 field:int prio; offset:32; size:4;
141 field:int success; offset:36; size:4;
142 field:int cpu; offset:40; size:4;
144 print fmt: "task %s:%d [%d] success=%d [%03d]", REC->comm, REC->pid,
145 REC->prio, REC->success, REC->cpu
147 This event contains 10 fields, the first 5 common and the remaining 5
148 event-specific. All the fields for this event are numeric, except for
149 'comm' which is a string, a distinction important for event filtering.
154 Trace events can be filtered in the kernel by associating boolean
155 'filter expressions' with them. As soon as an event is logged into
156 the trace buffer, its fields are checked against the filter expression
157 associated with that event type. An event with field values that
158 'match' the filter will appear in the trace output, and an event whose
159 values don't match will be discarded. An event with no filter
160 associated with it matches everything, and is the default when no
161 filter has been set for an event.
163 5.1 Expression syntax
164 ---------------------
166 A filter expression consists of one or more 'predicates' that can be
167 combined using the logical operators '&&' and '||'. A predicate is
168 simply a clause that compares the value of a field contained within a
169 logged event with a constant value and returns either 0 or 1 depending
170 on whether the field value matched (1) or didn't match (0):
172 field-name relational-operator value
174 Parentheses can be used to provide arbitrary logical groupings and
175 double-quotes can be used to prevent the shell from interpreting
176 operators as shell metacharacters.
178 The field-names available for use in filters can be found in the
179 'format' files for trace events (see section 4).
181 The relational-operators depend on the type of the field being tested:
183 The operators available for numeric fields are:
187 And for string fields they are:
191 Currently, only exact string matches are supported.
193 Currently, the maximum number of predicates in a filter is 16.
198 A filter for an individual event is set by writing a filter expression
199 to the 'filter' file for the given event.
203 # cd /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_wakeup
204 # echo "common_preempt_count > 4" > filter
206 A slightly more involved example:
208 # cd /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_signal_send
209 # echo "((sig >= 10 && sig < 15) || sig == 17) && comm != bash" > filter
211 If there is an error in the expression, you'll get an 'Invalid
212 argument' error when setting it, and the erroneous string along with
213 an error message can be seen by looking at the filter e.g.:
215 # cd /debug/tracing/events/sched/sched_signal_send
216 # echo "((sig >= 10 && sig < 15) || dsig == 17) && comm != bash" > filter
217 -bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
219 ((sig >= 10 && sig < 15) || dsig == 17) && comm != bash
221 parse_error: Field not found
223 Currently the caret ('^') for an error always appears at the beginning of
224 the filter string; the error message should still be useful though
225 even without more accurate position info.
230 To clear the filter for an event, write a '0' to the event's filter
233 To clear the filters for all events in a subsystem, write a '0' to the
234 subsystem's filter file.
236 5.3 Subsystem filters
237 ---------------------
239 For convenience, filters for every event in a subsystem can be set or
240 cleared as a group by writing a filter expression into the filter file
241 at the root of the subsytem. Note however, that if a filter for any
242 event within the subsystem lacks a field specified in the subsystem
243 filter, or if the filter can't be applied for any other reason, the
244 filter for that event will retain its previous setting. This can
245 result in an unintended mixture of filters which could lead to
246 confusing (to the user who might think different filters are in
247 effect) trace output. Only filters that reference just the common
248 fields can be guaranteed to propagate successfully to all events.
250 Here are a few subsystem filter examples that also illustrate the
253 Clear the filters on all events in the sched subsytem:
255 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched
257 # cat sched_switch/filter
259 # cat sched_wakeup/filter
262 Set a filter using only common fields for all events in the sched
263 subsytem (all events end up with the same filter):
265 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched
266 # echo common_pid == 0 > filter
267 # cat sched_switch/filter
269 # cat sched_wakeup/filter
272 Attempt to set a filter using a non-common field for all events in the
273 sched subsytem (all events but those that have a prev_pid field retain
276 # cd /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sched
277 # echo prev_pid == 0 > filter
278 # cat sched_switch/filter
280 # cat sched_wakeup/filter