fbdev: Minor cleanup in WM8505-related code

[linux-2.6/linux-acpi-2.6/ibm-acpi-2.6.git] / mm / hugetlb.c

/*
 * Generic hugetlb support.
 * (C) William Irwin, April 2004
 */
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/sysctl.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/nodemask.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/cpuset.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>

#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/io.h>

#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/node.h>
#include "internal.h"

const unsigned long hugetlb_zero = 0, hugetlb_infinity = ~0UL;
static gfp_t htlb_alloc_mask = GFP_HIGHUSER;
unsigned long hugepages_treat_as_movable;

static int max_hstate;
unsigned int default_hstate_idx;
struct hstate hstates[HUGE_MAX_HSTATE];

__initdata LIST_HEAD(huge_boot_pages);

/* for command line parsing */
static struct hstate * __initdata parsed_hstate;
static unsigned long __initdata default_hstate_max_huge_pages;
static unsigned long __initdata default_hstate_size;

#define for_each_hstate(h) \
        for ((h) = hstates; (h) < &hstates[max_hstate]; (h)++)

/*
 * Protects updates to hugepage_freelists, nr_huge_pages, and free_huge_pages
 */
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(hugetlb_lock);

/*
 * Region tracking -- allows tracking of reservations and instantiated pages
 *                    across the pages in a mapping.
 *
 * The region data structures are protected by a combination of the mmap_sem
 * and the hugetlb_instantion_mutex.  To access or modify a region the caller
 * must either hold the mmap_sem for write, or the mmap_sem for read and
 * the hugetlb_instantiation mutex:
 *
 *      down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
 * or
 *      down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
 *      mutex_lock(&hugetlb_instantiation_mutex);
 */
struct file_region {
        struct list_head link;
        long from;
        long to;
};

static long region_add(struct list_head *head, long f, long t)
{
        struct file_region *rg, *nrg, *trg;

        /* Locate the region we are either in or before. */
        list_for_each_entry(rg, head, link)
                if (f <= rg->to)
                        break;

        /* Round our left edge to the current segment if it encloses us. */
        if (f > rg->from)
                f = rg->from;

        /* Check for and consume any regions we now overlap with. */
        nrg = rg;
        list_for_each_entry_safe(rg, trg, rg->link.prev, link) {
                if (&rg->link == head)
                        break;
                if (rg->from > t)
                        break;

                /* If this area reaches higher then extend our area to
                 * include it completely.  If this is not the first area
                 * which we intend to reuse, free it. */
                if (rg->to > t)
                        t = rg->to;
                if (rg != nrg) {
                        list_del(&rg->link);
                        kfree(rg);
                }
        }
        nrg->from = f;
        nrg->to = t;
        return 0;
}

static long region_chg(struct list_head *head, long f, long t)
{
        struct file_region *rg, *nrg;
        long chg = 0;

        /* Locate the region we are before or in. */
        list_for_each_entry(rg, head, link)
                if (f <= rg->to)
                        break;

        /* If we are below the current region then a new region is required.
         * Subtle, allocate a new region at the position but make it zero
         * size such that we can guarantee to record the reservation. */
        if (&rg->link == head || t < rg->from) {
                nrg = kmalloc(sizeof(*nrg), GFP_KERNEL);
                if (!nrg)
                        return -ENOMEM;
                nrg->from = f;
                nrg->to   = f;
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nrg->link);
                list_add(&nrg->link, rg->link.prev);

                return t - f;
        }

        /* Round our left edge to the current segment if it encloses us. */
        if (f > rg->from)
                f = rg->from;
        chg = t - f;

        /* Check for and consume any regions we now overlap with. */
        list_for_each_entry(rg, rg->link.prev, link) {
                if (&rg->link == head)
                        break;
                if (rg->from > t)
                        return chg;

                /* We overlap with this area, if it extends futher than
                 * us then we must extend ourselves.  Account for its
                 * existing reservation. */
                if (rg->to > t) {
                        chg += rg->to - t;
                        t = rg->to;
                }
                chg -= rg->to - rg->from;
        }
        return chg;
}

static long region_truncate(struct list_head *head, long end)
{
        struct file_region *rg, *trg;
        long chg = 0;

        /* Locate the region we are either in or before. */
        list_for_each_entry(rg, head, link)
                if (end <= rg->to)
                        break;
        if (&rg->link == head)
                return 0;

        /* If we are in the middle of a region then adjust it. */
        if (end > rg->from) {
                chg = rg->to - end;
                rg->to = end;
                rg = list_entry(rg->link.next, typeof(*rg), link);
        }

        /* Drop any remaining regions. */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(rg, trg, rg->link.prev, link) {
                if (&rg->link == head)
                        break;
                chg += rg->to - rg->from;
                list_del(&rg->link);
                kfree(rg);
        }
        return chg;
}

static long region_count(struct list_head *head, long f, long t)
{
        struct file_region *rg;
        long chg = 0;

        /* Locate each segment we overlap with, and count that overlap. */
        list_for_each_entry(rg, head, link) {
                int seg_from;
                int seg_to;

                if (rg->to <= f)
                        continue;
                if (rg->from >= t)
                        break;

                seg_from = max(rg->from, f);
                seg_to = min(rg->to, t);

                chg += seg_to - seg_from;
        }

        return chg;
}

/*
 * Convert the address within this vma to the page offset within
 * the mapping, in pagecache page units; huge pages here.
 */
static pgoff_t vma_hugecache_offset(struct hstate *h,
                        struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address)
{
        return ((address - vma->vm_start) >> huge_page_shift(h)) +
                        (vma->vm_pgoff >> huge_page_order(h));
}

pgoff_t linear_hugepage_index(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                     unsigned long address)
{
        return vma_hugecache_offset(hstate_vma(vma), vma, address);
}

/*
 * Return the size of the pages allocated when backing a VMA. In the majority
 * cases this will be same size as used by the page table entries.
 */
unsigned long vma_kernel_pagesize(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        struct hstate *hstate;

        if (!is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
                return PAGE_SIZE;

        hstate = hstate_vma(vma);

        return 1UL << (hstate->order + PAGE_SHIFT);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(vma_kernel_pagesize);

/*
 * Return the page size being used by the MMU to back a VMA. In the majority
 * of cases, the page size used by the kernel matches the MMU size. On
 * architectures where it differs, an architecture-specific version of this
 * function is required.
 */
#ifndef vma_mmu_pagesize
unsigned long vma_mmu_pagesize(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        return vma_kernel_pagesize(vma);
}
#endif

/*
 * Flags for MAP_PRIVATE reservations.  These are stored in the bottom
 * bits of the reservation map pointer, which are always clear due to
 * alignment.
 */
#define HPAGE_RESV_OWNER    (1UL << 0)
#define HPAGE_RESV_UNMAPPED (1UL << 1)
#define HPAGE_RESV_MASK (HPAGE_RESV_OWNER | HPAGE_RESV_UNMAPPED)

/*
 * These helpers are used to track how many pages are reserved for
 * faults in a MAP_PRIVATE mapping. Only the process that called mmap()
 * is guaranteed to have their future faults succeed.
 *
 * With the exception of reset_vma_resv_huge_pages() which is called at fork(),
 * the reserve counters are updated with the hugetlb_lock held. It is safe
 * to reset the VMA at fork() time as it is not in use yet and there is no
 * chance of the global counters getting corrupted as a result of the values.
 *
 * The private mapping reservation is represented in a subtly different
 * manner to a shared mapping.  A shared mapping has a region map associated
 * with the underlying file, this region map represents the backing file
 * pages which have ever had a reservation assigned which this persists even
 * after the page is instantiated.  A private mapping has a region map
 * associated with the original mmap which is attached to all VMAs which
 * reference it, this region map represents those offsets which have consumed
 * reservation ie. where pages have been instantiated.
 */
static unsigned long get_vma_private_data(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        return (unsigned long)vma->vm_private_data;
}

static void set_vma_private_data(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                                        unsigned long value)
{
        vma->vm_private_data = (void *)value;
}

struct resv_map {
        struct kref refs;
        struct list_head regions;
};

static struct resv_map *resv_map_alloc(void)
{
        struct resv_map *resv_map = kmalloc(sizeof(*resv_map), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!resv_map)
                return NULL;

        kref_init(&resv_map->refs);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&resv_map->regions);

        return resv_map;
}

static void resv_map_release(struct kref *ref)
{
        struct resv_map *resv_map = container_of(ref, struct resv_map, refs);

        /* Clear out any active regions before we release the map. */
        region_truncate(&resv_map->regions, 0);
        kfree(resv_map);
}

static struct resv_map *vma_resv_map(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        VM_BUG_ON(!is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma));
        if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE))
                return (struct resv_map *)(get_vma_private_data(vma) &
                                                        ~HPAGE_RESV_MASK);
        return NULL;
}

static void set_vma_resv_map(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct resv_map *map)
{
        VM_BUG_ON(!is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma));
        VM_BUG_ON(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE);

        set_vma_private_data(vma, (get_vma_private_data(vma) &
                                HPAGE_RESV_MASK) | (unsigned long)map);
}

static void set_vma_resv_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long flags)
{
        VM_BUG_ON(!is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma));
        VM_BUG_ON(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE);

        set_vma_private_data(vma, get_vma_private_data(vma) | flags);
}

static int is_vma_resv_set(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long flag)
{
        VM_BUG_ON(!is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma));

        return (get_vma_private_data(vma) & flag) != 0;
}

/* Decrement the reserved pages in the hugepage pool by one */
static void decrement_hugepage_resv_vma(struct hstate *h,
                        struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        if (vma->vm_flags & VM_NORESERVE)
                return;

        if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE) {
                /* Shared mappings always use reserves */
                h->resv_huge_pages--;
        } else if (is_vma_resv_set(vma, HPAGE_RESV_OWNER)) {
                /*
                 * Only the process that called mmap() has reserves for
                 * private mappings.
                 */
                h->resv_huge_pages--;
        }
}

/* Reset counters to 0 and clear all HPAGE_RESV_* flags */
void reset_vma_resv_huge_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        VM_BUG_ON(!is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma));
        if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE))
                vma->vm_private_data = (void *)0;
}

/* Returns true if the VMA has associated reserve pages */
static int vma_has_reserves(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE)
                return 1;
        if (is_vma_resv_set(vma, HPAGE_RESV_OWNER))
                return 1;
        return 0;
}

static void clear_gigantic_page(struct page *page,
                        unsigned long addr, unsigned long sz)
{
        int i;
        struct page *p = page;

        might_sleep();
        for (i = 0; i < sz/PAGE_SIZE; i++, p = mem_map_next(p, page, i)) {
                cond_resched();
                clear_user_highpage(p, addr + i * PAGE_SIZE);
        }
}
static void clear_huge_page(struct page *page,
                        unsigned long addr, unsigned long sz)
{
        int i;

        if (unlikely(sz/PAGE_SIZE > MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES)) {
                clear_gigantic_page(page, addr, sz);
                return;
        }

        might_sleep();
        for (i = 0; i < sz/PAGE_SIZE; i++) {
                cond_resched();
                clear_user_highpage(page + i, addr + i * PAGE_SIZE);
        }
}

static void copy_user_gigantic_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src,
                           unsigned long addr, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        int i;
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
        struct page *dst_base = dst;
        struct page *src_base = src;

        for (i = 0; i < pages_per_huge_page(h); ) {
                cond_resched();
                copy_user_highpage(dst, src, addr + i*PAGE_SIZE, vma);

                i++;
                dst = mem_map_next(dst, dst_base, i);
                src = mem_map_next(src, src_base, i);
        }
}

static void copy_user_huge_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src,
                           unsigned long addr, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        int i;
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);

        if (unlikely(pages_per_huge_page(h) > MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES)) {
                copy_user_gigantic_page(dst, src, addr, vma);
                return;
        }

        might_sleep();
        for (i = 0; i < pages_per_huge_page(h); i++) {
                cond_resched();
                copy_user_highpage(dst + i, src + i, addr + i*PAGE_SIZE, vma);
        }
}

static void copy_gigantic_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src)
{
        int i;
        struct hstate *h = page_hstate(src);
        struct page *dst_base = dst;
        struct page *src_base = src;

        for (i = 0; i < pages_per_huge_page(h); ) {
                cond_resched();
                copy_highpage(dst, src);

                i++;
                dst = mem_map_next(dst, dst_base, i);
                src = mem_map_next(src, src_base, i);
        }
}

void copy_huge_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src)
{
        int i;
        struct hstate *h = page_hstate(src);

        if (unlikely(pages_per_huge_page(h) > MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES)) {
                copy_gigantic_page(dst, src);
                return;
        }

        might_sleep();
        for (i = 0; i < pages_per_huge_page(h); i++) {
                cond_resched();
                copy_highpage(dst + i, src + i);
        }
}

static void enqueue_huge_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page)
{
        int nid = page_to_nid(page);
        list_add(&page->lru, &h->hugepage_freelists[nid]);
        h->free_huge_pages++;
        h->free_huge_pages_node[nid]++;
}

static struct page *dequeue_huge_page_node(struct hstate *h, int nid)
{
        struct page *page;

        if (list_empty(&h->hugepage_freelists[nid]))
                return NULL;
        page = list_entry(h->hugepage_freelists[nid].next, struct page, lru);
        list_del(&page->lru);
        set_page_refcounted(page);
        h->free_huge_pages--;
        h->free_huge_pages_node[nid]--;
        return page;
}

static struct page *dequeue_huge_page_vma(struct hstate *h,
                                struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                unsigned long address, int avoid_reserve)
{
        struct page *page = NULL;
        struct mempolicy *mpol;
        nodemask_t *nodemask;
        struct zonelist *zonelist;
        struct zone *zone;
        struct zoneref *z;

        get_mems_allowed();
        zonelist = huge_zonelist(vma, address,
                                        htlb_alloc_mask, &mpol, &nodemask);
        /*
         * A child process with MAP_PRIVATE mappings created by their parent
         * have no page reserves. This check ensures that reservations are
         * not "stolen". The child may still get SIGKILLed
         */
        if (!vma_has_reserves(vma) &&
                        h->free_huge_pages - h->resv_huge_pages == 0)
                goto err;

        /* If reserves cannot be used, ensure enough pages are in the pool */
        if (avoid_reserve && h->free_huge_pages - h->resv_huge_pages == 0)
                goto err;;

        for_each_zone_zonelist_nodemask(zone, z, zonelist,
                                                MAX_NR_ZONES - 1, nodemask) {
                if (cpuset_zone_allowed_softwall(zone, htlb_alloc_mask)) {
                        page = dequeue_huge_page_node(h, zone_to_nid(zone));
                        if (page) {
                                if (!avoid_reserve)
                                        decrement_hugepage_resv_vma(h, vma);
                                break;
                        }
                }
        }
err:
        mpol_cond_put(mpol);
        put_mems_allowed();
        return page;
}

static void update_and_free_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page)
{
        int i;

        VM_BUG_ON(h->order >= MAX_ORDER);

        h->nr_huge_pages--;
        h->nr_huge_pages_node[page_to_nid(page)]--;
        for (i = 0; i < pages_per_huge_page(h); i++) {
                page[i].flags &= ~(1 << PG_locked | 1 << PG_error | 1 << PG_referenced |
                                1 << PG_dirty | 1 << PG_active | 1 << PG_reserved |
                                1 << PG_private | 1<< PG_writeback);
        }
        set_compound_page_dtor(page, NULL);
        set_page_refcounted(page);
        arch_release_hugepage(page);
        __free_pages(page, huge_page_order(h));
}

struct hstate *size_to_hstate(unsigned long size)
{
        struct hstate *h;

        for_each_hstate(h) {
                if (huge_page_size(h) == size)
                        return h;
        }
        return NULL;
}

static void free_huge_page(struct page *page)
{
        /*
         * Can't pass hstate in here because it is called from the
         * compound page destructor.
         */
        struct hstate *h = page_hstate(page);
        int nid = page_to_nid(page);
        struct address_space *mapping;

        mapping = (struct address_space *) page_private(page);
        set_page_private(page, 0);
        page->mapping = NULL;
        BUG_ON(page_count(page));
        BUG_ON(page_mapcount(page));
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page->lru);

        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        if (h->surplus_huge_pages_node[nid] && huge_page_order(h) < MAX_ORDER) {
                update_and_free_page(h, page);
                h->surplus_huge_pages--;
                h->surplus_huge_pages_node[nid]--;
        } else {
                enqueue_huge_page(h, page);
        }
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
        if (mapping)
                hugetlb_put_quota(mapping, 1);
}

static void prep_new_huge_page(struct hstate *h, struct page *page, int nid)
{
        set_compound_page_dtor(page, free_huge_page);
        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        h->nr_huge_pages++;
        h->nr_huge_pages_node[nid]++;
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
        put_page(page); /* free it into the hugepage allocator */
}

static void prep_compound_gigantic_page(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
        int i;
        int nr_pages = 1 << order;
        struct page *p = page + 1;

        /* we rely on prep_new_huge_page to set the destructor */
        set_compound_order(page, order);
        __SetPageHead(page);
        for (i = 1; i < nr_pages; i++, p = mem_map_next(p, page, i)) {
                __SetPageTail(p);
                p->first_page = page;
        }
}

int PageHuge(struct page *page)
{
        compound_page_dtor *dtor;

        if (!PageCompound(page))
                return 0;

        page = compound_head(page);
        dtor = get_compound_page_dtor(page);

        return dtor == free_huge_page;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(PageHuge);

static struct page *alloc_fresh_huge_page_node(struct hstate *h, int nid)
{
        struct page *page;

        if (h->order >= MAX_ORDER)
                return NULL;

        page = alloc_pages_exact_node(nid,
                htlb_alloc_mask|__GFP_COMP|__GFP_THISNODE|
                                                __GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOWARN,
                huge_page_order(h));
        if (page) {
                if (arch_prepare_hugepage(page)) {
                        __free_pages(page, huge_page_order(h));
                        return NULL;
                }
                prep_new_huge_page(h, page, nid);
        }

        return page;
}

/*
 * common helper functions for hstate_next_node_to_{alloc|free}.
 * We may have allocated or freed a huge page based on a different
 * nodes_allowed previously, so h->next_node_to_{alloc|free} might
 * be outside of *nodes_allowed.  Ensure that we use an allowed
 * node for alloc or free.
 */
static int next_node_allowed(int nid, nodemask_t *nodes_allowed)
{
        nid = next_node(nid, *nodes_allowed);
        if (nid == MAX_NUMNODES)
                nid = first_node(*nodes_allowed);
        VM_BUG_ON(nid >= MAX_NUMNODES);

        return nid;
}

static int get_valid_node_allowed(int nid, nodemask_t *nodes_allowed)
{
        if (!node_isset(nid, *nodes_allowed))
                nid = next_node_allowed(nid, nodes_allowed);
        return nid;
}

/*
 * returns the previously saved node ["this node"] from which to
 * allocate a persistent huge page for the pool and advance the
 * next node from which to allocate, handling wrap at end of node
 * mask.
 */
static int hstate_next_node_to_alloc(struct hstate *h,
                                        nodemask_t *nodes_allowed)
{
        int nid;

        VM_BUG_ON(!nodes_allowed);

        nid = get_valid_node_allowed(h->next_nid_to_alloc, nodes_allowed);
        h->next_nid_to_alloc = next_node_allowed(nid, nodes_allowed);

        return nid;
}

static int alloc_fresh_huge_page(struct hstate *h, nodemask_t *nodes_allowed)
{
        struct page *page;
        int start_nid;
        int next_nid;
        int ret = 0;

        start_nid = hstate_next_node_to_alloc(h, nodes_allowed);
        next_nid = start_nid;

        do {
                page = alloc_fresh_huge_page_node(h, next_nid);
                if (page) {
                        ret = 1;
                        break;
                }
                next_nid = hstate_next_node_to_alloc(h, nodes_allowed);
        } while (next_nid != start_nid);

        if (ret)
                count_vm_event(HTLB_BUDDY_PGALLOC);
        else
                count_vm_event(HTLB_BUDDY_PGALLOC_FAIL);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * helper for free_pool_huge_page() - return the previously saved
 * node ["this node"] from which to free a huge page.  Advance the
 * next node id whether or not we find a free huge page to free so
 * that the next attempt to free addresses the next node.
 */
static int hstate_next_node_to_free(struct hstate *h, nodemask_t *nodes_allowed)
{
        int nid;

        VM_BUG_ON(!nodes_allowed);

        nid = get_valid_node_allowed(h->next_nid_to_free, nodes_allowed);
        h->next_nid_to_free = next_node_allowed(nid, nodes_allowed);

        return nid;
}

/*
 * Free huge page from pool from next node to free.
 * Attempt to keep persistent huge pages more or less
 * balanced over allowed nodes.
 * Called with hugetlb_lock locked.
 */
static int free_pool_huge_page(struct hstate *h, nodemask_t *nodes_allowed,
                                                         bool acct_surplus)
{
        int start_nid;
        int next_nid;
        int ret = 0;

        start_nid = hstate_next_node_to_free(h, nodes_allowed);
        next_nid = start_nid;

        do {
                /*
                 * If we're returning unused surplus pages, only examine
                 * nodes with surplus pages.
                 */
                if ((!acct_surplus || h->surplus_huge_pages_node[next_nid]) &&
                    !list_empty(&h->hugepage_freelists[next_nid])) {
                        struct page *page =
                                list_entry(h->hugepage_freelists[next_nid].next,
                                          struct page, lru);
                        list_del(&page->lru);
                        h->free_huge_pages--;
                        h->free_huge_pages_node[next_nid]--;
                        if (acct_surplus) {
                                h->surplus_huge_pages--;
                                h->surplus_huge_pages_node[next_nid]--;
                        }
                        update_and_free_page(h, page);
                        ret = 1;
                        break;
                }
                next_nid = hstate_next_node_to_free(h, nodes_allowed);
        } while (next_nid != start_nid);

        return ret;
}

static struct page *alloc_buddy_huge_page(struct hstate *h, int nid)
{
        struct page *page;
        unsigned int r_nid;

        if (h->order >= MAX_ORDER)
                return NULL;

        /*
         * Assume we will successfully allocate the surplus page to
         * prevent racing processes from causing the surplus to exceed
         * overcommit
         *
         * This however introduces a different race, where a process B
         * tries to grow the static hugepage pool while alloc_pages() is
         * called by process A. B will only examine the per-node
         * counters in determining if surplus huge pages can be
         * converted to normal huge pages in adjust_pool_surplus(). A
         * won't be able to increment the per-node counter, until the
         * lock is dropped by B, but B doesn't drop hugetlb_lock until
         * no more huge pages can be converted from surplus to normal
         * state (and doesn't try to convert again). Thus, we have a
         * case where a surplus huge page exists, the pool is grown, and
         * the surplus huge page still exists after, even though it
         * should just have been converted to a normal huge page. This
         * does not leak memory, though, as the hugepage will be freed
         * once it is out of use. It also does not allow the counters to
         * go out of whack in adjust_pool_surplus() as we don't modify
         * the node values until we've gotten the hugepage and only the
         * per-node value is checked there.
         */
        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        if (h->surplus_huge_pages >= h->nr_overcommit_huge_pages) {
                spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
                return NULL;
        } else {
                h->nr_huge_pages++;
                h->surplus_huge_pages++;
        }
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);

        if (nid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
                page = alloc_pages(htlb_alloc_mask|__GFP_COMP|
                                   __GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOWARN,
                                   huge_page_order(h));
        else
                page = alloc_pages_exact_node(nid,
                        htlb_alloc_mask|__GFP_COMP|__GFP_THISNODE|
                        __GFP_REPEAT|__GFP_NOWARN, huge_page_order(h));

        if (page && arch_prepare_hugepage(page)) {
                __free_pages(page, huge_page_order(h));
                return NULL;
        }

        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        if (page) {
                r_nid = page_to_nid(page);
                set_compound_page_dtor(page, free_huge_page);
                /*
                 * We incremented the global counters already
                 */
                h->nr_huge_pages_node[r_nid]++;
                h->surplus_huge_pages_node[r_nid]++;
                __count_vm_event(HTLB_BUDDY_PGALLOC);
        } else {
                h->nr_huge_pages--;
                h->surplus_huge_pages--;
                __count_vm_event(HTLB_BUDDY_PGALLOC_FAIL);
        }
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);

        return page;
}

/*
 * This allocation function is useful in the context where vma is irrelevant.
 * E.g. soft-offlining uses this function because it only cares physical
 * address of error page.
 */
struct page *alloc_huge_page_node(struct hstate *h, int nid)
{
        struct page *page;

        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        page = dequeue_huge_page_node(h, nid);
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);

        if (!page)
                page = alloc_buddy_huge_page(h, nid);

        return page;
}

/*
 * Increase the hugetlb pool such that it can accomodate a reservation
 * of size 'delta'.
 */
static int gather_surplus_pages(struct hstate *h, int delta)
{
        struct list_head surplus_list;
        struct page *page, *tmp;
        int ret, i;
        int needed, allocated;

        needed = (h->resv_huge_pages + delta) - h->free_huge_pages;
        if (needed <= 0) {
                h->resv_huge_pages += delta;
                return 0;
        }

        allocated = 0;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&surplus_list);

        ret = -ENOMEM;
retry:
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
        for (i = 0; i < needed; i++) {
                page = alloc_buddy_huge_page(h, NUMA_NO_NODE);
                if (!page)
                        /*
                         * We were not able to allocate enough pages to
                         * satisfy the entire reservation so we free what
                         * we've allocated so far.
                         */
                        goto free;

                list_add(&page->lru, &surplus_list);
        }
        allocated += needed;

        /*
         * After retaking hugetlb_lock, we need to recalculate 'needed'
         * because either resv_huge_pages or free_huge_pages may have changed.
         */
        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        needed = (h->resv_huge_pages + delta) -
                        (h->free_huge_pages + allocated);
        if (needed > 0)
                goto retry;

        /*
         * The surplus_list now contains _at_least_ the number of extra pages
         * needed to accomodate the reservation.  Add the appropriate number
         * of pages to the hugetlb pool and free the extras back to the buddy
         * allocator.  Commit the entire reservation here to prevent another
         * process from stealing the pages as they are added to the pool but
         * before they are reserved.
         */
        needed += allocated;
        h->resv_huge_pages += delta;
        ret = 0;

        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
        /* Free the needed pages to the hugetlb pool */
        list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp, &surplus_list, lru) {
                if ((--needed) < 0)
                        break;
                list_del(&page->lru);
                /*
                 * This page is now managed by the hugetlb allocator and has
                 * no users -- drop the buddy allocator's reference.
                 */
                put_page_testzero(page);
                VM_BUG_ON(page_count(page));
                enqueue_huge_page(h, page);
        }

        /* Free unnecessary surplus pages to the buddy allocator */
free:
        if (!list_empty(&surplus_list)) {
                list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp, &surplus_list, lru) {
                        list_del(&page->lru);
                        put_page(page);
                }
        }
        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * When releasing a hugetlb pool reservation, any surplus pages that were
 * allocated to satisfy the reservation must be explicitly freed if they were
 * never used.
 * Called with hugetlb_lock held.
 */
static void return_unused_surplus_pages(struct hstate *h,
                                        unsigned long unused_resv_pages)
{
        unsigned long nr_pages;

        /* Uncommit the reservation */
        h->resv_huge_pages -= unused_resv_pages;

        /* Cannot return gigantic pages currently */
        if (h->order >= MAX_ORDER)
                return;

        nr_pages = min(unused_resv_pages, h->surplus_huge_pages);

        /*
         * We want to release as many surplus pages as possible, spread
         * evenly across all nodes with memory. Iterate across these nodes
         * until we can no longer free unreserved surplus pages. This occurs
         * when the nodes with surplus pages have no free pages.
         * free_pool_huge_page() will balance the the freed pages across the
         * on-line nodes with memory and will handle the hstate accounting.
         */
        while (nr_pages--) {
                if (!free_pool_huge_page(h, &node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY], 1))
                        break;
        }
}

/*
 * Determine if the huge page at addr within the vma has an associated
 * reservation.  Where it does not we will need to logically increase
 * reservation and actually increase quota before an allocation can occur.
 * Where any new reservation would be required the reservation change is
 * prepared, but not committed.  Once the page has been quota'd allocated
 * an instantiated the change should be committed via vma_commit_reservation.
 * No action is required on failure.
 */
static long vma_needs_reservation(struct hstate *h,
                        struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;

        if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE) {
                pgoff_t idx = vma_hugecache_offset(h, vma, addr);
                return region_chg(&inode->i_mapping->private_list,
                                                        idx, idx + 1);

        } else if (!is_vma_resv_set(vma, HPAGE_RESV_OWNER)) {
                return 1;

        } else  {
                long err;
                pgoff_t idx = vma_hugecache_offset(h, vma, addr);
                struct resv_map *reservations = vma_resv_map(vma);

                err = region_chg(&reservations->regions, idx, idx + 1);
                if (err < 0)
                        return err;
                return 0;
        }
}
static void vma_commit_reservation(struct hstate *h,
                        struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
{
        struct address_space *mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;

        if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE) {
                pgoff_t idx = vma_hugecache_offset(h, vma, addr);
                region_add(&inode->i_mapping->private_list, idx, idx + 1);

        } else if (is_vma_resv_set(vma, HPAGE_RESV_OWNER)) {
                pgoff_t idx = vma_hugecache_offset(h, vma, addr);
                struct resv_map *reservations = vma_resv_map(vma);

                /* Mark this page used in the map. */
                region_add(&reservations->regions, idx, idx + 1);
        }
}

static struct page *alloc_huge_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                    unsigned long addr, int avoid_reserve)
{
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
        struct page *page;
        struct address_space *mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
        long chg;

        /*
         * Processes that did not create the mapping will have no reserves and
         * will not have accounted against quota. Check that the quota can be
         * made before satisfying the allocation
         * MAP_NORESERVE mappings may also need pages and quota allocated
         * if no reserve mapping overlaps.
         */
        chg = vma_needs_reservation(h, vma, addr);
        if (chg < 0)
                return ERR_PTR(chg);
        if (chg)
                if (hugetlb_get_quota(inode->i_mapping, chg))
                        return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);

        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        page = dequeue_huge_page_vma(h, vma, addr, avoid_reserve);
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);

        if (!page) {
                page = alloc_buddy_huge_page(h, NUMA_NO_NODE);
                if (!page) {
                        hugetlb_put_quota(inode->i_mapping, chg);
                        return ERR_PTR(-VM_FAULT_SIGBUS);
                }
        }

        set_page_private(page, (unsigned long) mapping);

        vma_commit_reservation(h, vma, addr);

        return page;
}

int __weak alloc_bootmem_huge_page(struct hstate *h)
{
        struct huge_bootmem_page *m;
        int nr_nodes = nodes_weight(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]);

        while (nr_nodes) {
                void *addr;

                addr = __alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(
                                NODE_DATA(hstate_next_node_to_alloc(h,
                                                &node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY])),
                                huge_page_size(h), huge_page_size(h), 0);

                if (addr) {
                        /*
                         * Use the beginning of the huge page to store the
                         * huge_bootmem_page struct (until gather_bootmem
                         * puts them into the mem_map).
                         */
                        m = addr;
                        goto found;
                }
                nr_nodes--;
        }
        return 0;

found:
        BUG_ON((unsigned long)virt_to_phys(m) & (huge_page_size(h) - 1));
        /* Put them into a private list first because mem_map is not up yet */
        list_add(&m->list, &huge_boot_pages);
        m->hstate = h;
        return 1;
}

static void prep_compound_huge_page(struct page *page, int order)
{
        if (unlikely(order > (MAX_ORDER - 1)))
                prep_compound_gigantic_page(page, order);
        else
                prep_compound_page(page, order);
}

/* Put bootmem huge pages into the standard lists after mem_map is up */
static void __init gather_bootmem_prealloc(void)
{
        struct huge_bootmem_page *m;

        list_for_each_entry(m, &huge_boot_pages, list) {
                struct page *page = virt_to_page(m);
                struct hstate *h = m->hstate;
                __ClearPageReserved(page);
                WARN_ON(page_count(page) != 1);
                prep_compound_huge_page(page, h->order);
                prep_new_huge_page(h, page, page_to_nid(page));
        }
}

static void __init hugetlb_hstate_alloc_pages(struct hstate *h)
{
        unsigned long i;

        for (i = 0; i < h->max_huge_pages; ++i) {
                if (h->order >= MAX_ORDER) {
                        if (!alloc_bootmem_huge_page(h))
                                break;
                } else if (!alloc_fresh_huge_page(h,
                                         &node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]))
                        break;
        }
        h->max_huge_pages = i;
}

static void __init hugetlb_init_hstates(void)
{
        struct hstate *h;

        for_each_hstate(h) {
                /* oversize hugepages were init'ed in early boot */
                if (h->order < MAX_ORDER)
                        hugetlb_hstate_alloc_pages(h);
        }
}

static char * __init memfmt(char *buf, unsigned long n)
{
        if (n >= (1UL << 30))
                sprintf(buf, "%lu GB", n >> 30);
        else if (n >= (1UL << 20))
                sprintf(buf, "%lu MB", n >> 20);
        else
                sprintf(buf, "%lu KB", n >> 10);
        return buf;
}

static void __init report_hugepages(void)
{
        struct hstate *h;

        for_each_hstate(h) {
                char buf[32];
                printk(KERN_INFO "HugeTLB registered %s page size, "
                                 "pre-allocated %ld pages\n",
                        memfmt(buf, huge_page_size(h)),
                        h->free_huge_pages);
        }
}

#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
static void try_to_free_low(struct hstate *h, unsigned long count,
                                                nodemask_t *nodes_allowed)
{
        int i;

        if (h->order >= MAX_ORDER)
                return;

        for_each_node_mask(i, *nodes_allowed) {
                struct page *page, *next;
                struct list_head *freel = &h->hugepage_freelists[i];
                list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, freel, lru) {
                        if (count >= h->nr_huge_pages)
                                return;
                        if (PageHighMem(page))
                                continue;
                        list_del(&page->lru);
                        update_and_free_page(h, page);
                        h->free_huge_pages--;
                        h->free_huge_pages_node[page_to_nid(page)]--;
                }
        }
}
#else
static inline void try_to_free_low(struct hstate *h, unsigned long count,
                                                nodemask_t *nodes_allowed)
{
}
#endif

/*
 * Increment or decrement surplus_huge_pages.  Keep node-specific counters
 * balanced by operating on them in a round-robin fashion.
 * Returns 1 if an adjustment was made.
 */
static int adjust_pool_surplus(struct hstate *h, nodemask_t *nodes_allowed,
                                int delta)
{
        int start_nid, next_nid;
        int ret = 0;

        VM_BUG_ON(delta != -1 && delta != 1);

        if (delta < 0)
                start_nid = hstate_next_node_to_alloc(h, nodes_allowed);
        else
                start_nid = hstate_next_node_to_free(h, nodes_allowed);
        next_nid = start_nid;

        do {
                int nid = next_nid;
                if (delta < 0)  {
                        /*
                         * To shrink on this node, there must be a surplus page
                         */
                        if (!h->surplus_huge_pages_node[nid]) {
                                next_nid = hstate_next_node_to_alloc(h,
                                                                nodes_allowed);
                                continue;
                        }
                }
                if (delta > 0) {
                        /*
                         * Surplus cannot exceed the total number of pages
                         */
                        if (h->surplus_huge_pages_node[nid] >=
                                                h->nr_huge_pages_node[nid]) {
                                next_nid = hstate_next_node_to_free(h,
                                                                nodes_allowed);
                                continue;
                        }
                }

                h->surplus_huge_pages += delta;
                h->surplus_huge_pages_node[nid] += delta;
                ret = 1;
                break;
        } while (next_nid != start_nid);

        return ret;
}

#define persistent_huge_pages(h) (h->nr_huge_pages - h->surplus_huge_pages)
static unsigned long set_max_huge_pages(struct hstate *h, unsigned long count,
                                                nodemask_t *nodes_allowed)
{
        unsigned long min_count, ret;

        if (h->order >= MAX_ORDER)
                return h->max_huge_pages;

        /*
         * Increase the pool size
         * First take pages out of surplus state.  Then make up the
         * remaining difference by allocating fresh huge pages.
         *
         * We might race with alloc_buddy_huge_page() here and be unable
         * to convert a surplus huge page to a normal huge page. That is
         * not critical, though, it just means the overall size of the
         * pool might be one hugepage larger than it needs to be, but
         * within all the constraints specified by the sysctls.
         */
        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        while (h->surplus_huge_pages && count > persistent_huge_pages(h)) {
                if (!adjust_pool_surplus(h, nodes_allowed, -1))
                        break;
        }

        while (count > persistent_huge_pages(h)) {
                /*
                 * If this allocation races such that we no longer need the
                 * page, free_huge_page will handle it by freeing the page
                 * and reducing the surplus.
                 */
                spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
                ret = alloc_fresh_huge_page(h, nodes_allowed);
                spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
                if (!ret)
                        goto out;

                /* Bail for signals. Probably ctrl-c from user */
                if (signal_pending(current))
                        goto out;
        }

        /*
         * Decrease the pool size
         * First return free pages to the buddy allocator (being careful
         * to keep enough around to satisfy reservations).  Then place
         * pages into surplus state as needed so the pool will shrink
         * to the desired size as pages become free.
         *
         * By placing pages into the surplus state independent of the
         * overcommit value, we are allowing the surplus pool size to
         * exceed overcommit. There are few sane options here. Since
         * alloc_buddy_huge_page() is checking the global counter,
         * though, we'll note that we're not allowed to exceed surplus
         * and won't grow the pool anywhere else. Not until one of the
         * sysctls are changed, or the surplus pages go out of use.
         */
        min_count = h->resv_huge_pages + h->nr_huge_pages - h->free_huge_pages;
        min_count = max(count, min_count);
        try_to_free_low(h, min_count, nodes_allowed);
        while (min_count < persistent_huge_pages(h)) {
                if (!free_pool_huge_page(h, nodes_allowed, 0))
                        break;
        }
        while (count < persistent_huge_pages(h)) {
                if (!adjust_pool_surplus(h, nodes_allowed, 1))
                        break;
        }
out:
        ret = persistent_huge_pages(h);
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
        return ret;
}

#define HSTATE_ATTR_RO(_name) \
        static struct kobj_attribute _name##_attr = __ATTR_RO(_name)

#define HSTATE_ATTR(_name) \
        static struct kobj_attribute _name##_attr = \
                __ATTR(_name, 0644, _name##_show, _name##_store)

static struct kobject *hugepages_kobj;
static struct kobject *hstate_kobjs[HUGE_MAX_HSTATE];

static struct hstate *kobj_to_node_hstate(struct kobject *kobj, int *nidp);

static struct hstate *kobj_to_hstate(struct kobject *kobj, int *nidp)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < HUGE_MAX_HSTATE; i++)
                if (hstate_kobjs[i] == kobj) {
                        if (nidp)
                                *nidp = NUMA_NO_NODE;
                        return &hstates[i];
                }

        return kobj_to_node_hstate(kobj, nidp);
}

static ssize_t nr_hugepages_show_common(struct kobject *kobj,
                                        struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        struct hstate *h;
        unsigned long nr_huge_pages;
        int nid;

        h = kobj_to_hstate(kobj, &nid);
        if (nid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
                nr_huge_pages = h->nr_huge_pages;
        else
                nr_huge_pages = h->nr_huge_pages_node[nid];

        return sprintf(buf, "%lu\n", nr_huge_pages);
}
static ssize_t nr_hugepages_store_common(bool obey_mempolicy,
                        struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                        const char *buf, size_t len)
{
        int err;
        int nid;
        unsigned long count;
        struct hstate *h;
        NODEMASK_ALLOC(nodemask_t, nodes_allowed, GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY);

        err = strict_strtoul(buf, 10, &count);
        if (err)
                return 0;

        h = kobj_to_hstate(kobj, &nid);
        if (nid == NUMA_NO_NODE) {
                /*
                 * global hstate attribute
                 */
                if (!(obey_mempolicy &&
                                init_nodemask_of_mempolicy(nodes_allowed))) {
                        NODEMASK_FREE(nodes_allowed);
                        nodes_allowed = &node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY];
                }
        } else if (nodes_allowed) {
                /*
                 * per node hstate attribute: adjust count to global,
                 * but restrict alloc/free to the specified node.
                 */
                count += h->nr_huge_pages - h->nr_huge_pages_node[nid];
                init_nodemask_of_node(nodes_allowed, nid);
        } else
                nodes_allowed = &node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY];

        h->max_huge_pages = set_max_huge_pages(h, count, nodes_allowed);

        if (nodes_allowed != &node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY])
                NODEMASK_FREE(nodes_allowed);

        return len;
}

static ssize_t nr_hugepages_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                       struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        return nr_hugepages_show_common(kobj, attr, buf);
}

static ssize_t nr_hugepages_store(struct kobject *kobj,
               struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
        return nr_hugepages_store_common(false, kobj, attr, buf, len);
}
HSTATE_ATTR(nr_hugepages);

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA

/*
 * hstate attribute for optionally mempolicy-based constraint on persistent
 * huge page alloc/free.
 */
static ssize_t nr_hugepages_mempolicy_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                       struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        return nr_hugepages_show_common(kobj, attr, buf);
}

static ssize_t nr_hugepages_mempolicy_store(struct kobject *kobj,
               struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
        return nr_hugepages_store_common(true, kobj, attr, buf, len);
}
HSTATE_ATTR(nr_hugepages_mempolicy);
#endif


static ssize_t nr_overcommit_hugepages_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                        struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        struct hstate *h = kobj_to_hstate(kobj, NULL);
        return sprintf(buf, "%lu\n", h->nr_overcommit_huge_pages);
}
static ssize_t nr_overcommit_hugepages_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                struct kobj_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count)
{
        int err;
        unsigned long input;
        struct hstate *h = kobj_to_hstate(kobj, NULL);

        err = strict_strtoul(buf, 10, &input);
        if (err)
                return 0;

        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        h->nr_overcommit_huge_pages = input;
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);

        return count;
}
HSTATE_ATTR(nr_overcommit_hugepages);

static ssize_t free_hugepages_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                        struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        struct hstate *h;
        unsigned long free_huge_pages;
        int nid;

        h = kobj_to_hstate(kobj, &nid);
        if (nid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
                free_huge_pages = h->free_huge_pages;
        else
                free_huge_pages = h->free_huge_pages_node[nid];

        return sprintf(buf, "%lu\n", free_huge_pages);
}
HSTATE_ATTR_RO(free_hugepages);

static ssize_t resv_hugepages_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                        struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        struct hstate *h = kobj_to_hstate(kobj, NULL);
        return sprintf(buf, "%lu\n", h->resv_huge_pages);
}
HSTATE_ATTR_RO(resv_hugepages);

static ssize_t surplus_hugepages_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                        struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
        struct hstate *h;
        unsigned long surplus_huge_pages;
        int nid;

        h = kobj_to_hstate(kobj, &nid);
        if (nid == NUMA_NO_NODE)
                surplus_huge_pages = h->surplus_huge_pages;
        else
                surplus_huge_pages = h->surplus_huge_pages_node[nid];

        return sprintf(buf, "%lu\n", surplus_huge_pages);
}
HSTATE_ATTR_RO(surplus_hugepages);

static struct attribute *hstate_attrs[] = {
        &nr_hugepages_attr.attr,
        &nr_overcommit_hugepages_attr.attr,
        &free_hugepages_attr.attr,
        &resv_hugepages_attr.attr,
        &surplus_hugepages_attr.attr,
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
        &nr_hugepages_mempolicy_attr.attr,
#endif
        NULL,
};

static struct attribute_group hstate_attr_group = {
        .attrs = hstate_attrs,
};

static int hugetlb_sysfs_add_hstate(struct hstate *h, struct kobject *parent,
                                    struct kobject **hstate_kobjs,
                                    struct attribute_group *hstate_attr_group)
{
        int retval;
        int hi = h - hstates;

        hstate_kobjs[hi] = kobject_create_and_add(h->name, parent);
        if (!hstate_kobjs[hi])
                return -ENOMEM;

        retval = sysfs_create_group(hstate_kobjs[hi], hstate_attr_group);
        if (retval)
                kobject_put(hstate_kobjs[hi]);

        return retval;
}

static void __init hugetlb_sysfs_init(void)
{
        struct hstate *h;
        int err;

        hugepages_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("hugepages", mm_kobj);
        if (!hugepages_kobj)
                return;

        for_each_hstate(h) {
                err = hugetlb_sysfs_add_hstate(h, hugepages_kobj,
                                         hstate_kobjs, &hstate_attr_group);
                if (err)
                        printk(KERN_ERR "Hugetlb: Unable to add hstate %s",
                                                                h->name);
        }
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA

/*
 * node_hstate/s - associate per node hstate attributes, via their kobjects,
 * with node sysdevs in node_devices[] using a parallel array.  The array
 * index of a node sysdev or _hstate == node id.
 * This is here to avoid any static dependency of the node sysdev driver, in
 * the base kernel, on the hugetlb module.
 */
struct node_hstate {
        struct kobject          *hugepages_kobj;
        struct kobject          *hstate_kobjs[HUGE_MAX_HSTATE];
};
struct node_hstate node_hstates[MAX_NUMNODES];

/*
 * A subset of global hstate attributes for node sysdevs
 */
static struct attribute *per_node_hstate_attrs[] = {
        &nr_hugepages_attr.attr,
        &free_hugepages_attr.attr,
        &surplus_hugepages_attr.attr,
        NULL,
};

static struct attribute_group per_node_hstate_attr_group = {
        .attrs = per_node_hstate_attrs,
};

/*
 * kobj_to_node_hstate - lookup global hstate for node sysdev hstate attr kobj.
 * Returns node id via non-NULL nidp.
 */
static struct hstate *kobj_to_node_hstate(struct kobject *kobj, int *nidp)
{
        int nid;

        for (nid = 0; nid < nr_node_ids; nid++) {
                struct node_hstate *nhs = &node_hstates[nid];
                int i;
                for (i = 0; i < HUGE_MAX_HSTATE; i++)
                        if (nhs->hstate_kobjs[i] == kobj) {
                                if (nidp)
                                        *nidp = nid;
                                return &hstates[i];
                        }
        }

        BUG();
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * Unregister hstate attributes from a single node sysdev.
 * No-op if no hstate attributes attached.
 */
void hugetlb_unregister_node(struct node *node)
{
        struct hstate *h;
        struct node_hstate *nhs = &node_hstates[node->sysdev.id];

        if (!nhs->hugepages_kobj)
                return;         /* no hstate attributes */

        for_each_hstate(h)
                if (nhs->hstate_kobjs[h - hstates]) {
                        kobject_put(nhs->hstate_kobjs[h - hstates]);
                        nhs->hstate_kobjs[h - hstates] = NULL;
                }

        kobject_put(nhs->hugepages_kobj);
        nhs->hugepages_kobj = NULL;
}

/*
 * hugetlb module exit:  unregister hstate attributes from node sysdevs
 * that have them.
 */
static void hugetlb_unregister_all_nodes(void)
{
        int nid;

        /*
         * disable node sysdev registrations.
         */
        register_hugetlbfs_with_node(NULL, NULL);

        /*
         * remove hstate attributes from any nodes that have them.
         */
        for (nid = 0; nid < nr_node_ids; nid++)
                hugetlb_unregister_node(&node_devices[nid]);
}

/*
 * Register hstate attributes for a single node sysdev.
 * No-op if attributes already registered.
 */
void hugetlb_register_node(struct node *node)
{
        struct hstate *h;
        struct node_hstate *nhs = &node_hstates[node->sysdev.id];
        int err;

        if (nhs->hugepages_kobj)
                return;         /* already allocated */

        nhs->hugepages_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("hugepages",
                                                        &node->sysdev.kobj);
        if (!nhs->hugepages_kobj)
                return;

        for_each_hstate(h) {
                err = hugetlb_sysfs_add_hstate(h, nhs->hugepages_kobj,
                                                nhs->hstate_kobjs,
                                                &per_node_hstate_attr_group);
                if (err) {
                        printk(KERN_ERR "Hugetlb: Unable to add hstate %s"
                                        " for node %d\n",
                                                h->name, node->sysdev.id);
                        hugetlb_unregister_node(node);
                        break;
                }
        }
}

/*
 * hugetlb init time:  register hstate attributes for all registered node
 * sysdevs of nodes that have memory.  All on-line nodes should have
 * registered their associated sysdev by this time.
 */
static void hugetlb_register_all_nodes(void)
{
        int nid;

        for_each_node_state(nid, N_HIGH_MEMORY) {
                struct node *node = &node_devices[nid];
                if (node->sysdev.id == nid)
                        hugetlb_register_node(node);
        }

        /*
         * Let the node sysdev driver know we're here so it can
         * [un]register hstate attributes on node hotplug.
         */
        register_hugetlbfs_with_node(hugetlb_register_node,
                                     hugetlb_unregister_node);
}
#else   /* !CONFIG_NUMA */

static struct hstate *kobj_to_node_hstate(struct kobject *kobj, int *nidp)
{
        BUG();
        if (nidp)
                *nidp = -1;
        return NULL;
}

static void hugetlb_unregister_all_nodes(void) { }

static void hugetlb_register_all_nodes(void) { }

#endif

static void __exit hugetlb_exit(void)
{
        struct hstate *h;

        hugetlb_unregister_all_nodes();

        for_each_hstate(h) {
                kobject_put(hstate_kobjs[h - hstates]);
        }

        kobject_put(hugepages_kobj);
}
module_exit(hugetlb_exit);

static int __init hugetlb_init(void)
{
        /* Some platform decide whether they support huge pages at boot
         * time. On these, such as powerpc, HPAGE_SHIFT is set to 0 when
         * there is no such support
         */
        if (HPAGE_SHIFT == 0)
                return 0;

        if (!size_to_hstate(default_hstate_size)) {
                default_hstate_size = HPAGE_SIZE;
                if (!size_to_hstate(default_hstate_size))
                        hugetlb_add_hstate(HUGETLB_PAGE_ORDER);
        }
        default_hstate_idx = size_to_hstate(default_hstate_size) - hstates;
        if (default_hstate_max_huge_pages)
                default_hstate.max_huge_pages = default_hstate_max_huge_pages;

        hugetlb_init_hstates();

        gather_bootmem_prealloc();

        report_hugepages();

        hugetlb_sysfs_init();

        hugetlb_register_all_nodes();

        return 0;
}
module_init(hugetlb_init);

/* Should be called on processing a hugepagesz=... option */
void __init hugetlb_add_hstate(unsigned order)
{
        struct hstate *h;
        unsigned long i;

        if (size_to_hstate(PAGE_SIZE << order)) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "hugepagesz= specified twice, ignoring\n");
                return;
        }
        BUG_ON(max_hstate >= HUGE_MAX_HSTATE);
        BUG_ON(order == 0);
        h = &hstates[max_hstate++];
        h->order = order;
        h->mask = ~((1ULL << (order + PAGE_SHIFT)) - 1);
        h->nr_huge_pages = 0;
        h->free_huge_pages = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUMNODES; ++i)
                INIT_LIST_HEAD(&h->hugepage_freelists[i]);
        h->next_nid_to_alloc = first_node(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]);
        h->next_nid_to_free = first_node(node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY]);
        snprintf(h->name, HSTATE_NAME_LEN, "hugepages-%lukB",
                                        huge_page_size(h)/1024);

        parsed_hstate = h;
}

static int __init hugetlb_nrpages_setup(char *s)
{
        unsigned long *mhp;
        static unsigned long *last_mhp;

        /*
         * !max_hstate means we haven't parsed a hugepagesz= parameter yet,
         * so this hugepages= parameter goes to the "default hstate".
         */
        if (!max_hstate)
                mhp = &default_hstate_max_huge_pages;
        else
                mhp = &parsed_hstate->max_huge_pages;

        if (mhp == last_mhp) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "hugepages= specified twice without "
                        "interleaving hugepagesz=, ignoring\n");
                return 1;
        }

        if (sscanf(s, "%lu", mhp) <= 0)
                *mhp = 0;

        /*
         * Global state is always initialized later in hugetlb_init.
         * But we need to allocate >= MAX_ORDER hstates here early to still
         * use the bootmem allocator.
         */
        if (max_hstate && parsed_hstate->order >= MAX_ORDER)
                hugetlb_hstate_alloc_pages(parsed_hstate);

        last_mhp = mhp;

        return 1;
}
__setup("hugepages=", hugetlb_nrpages_setup);

static int __init hugetlb_default_setup(char *s)
{
        default_hstate_size = memparse(s, &s);
        return 1;
}
__setup("default_hugepagesz=", hugetlb_default_setup);

static unsigned int cpuset_mems_nr(unsigned int *array)
{
        int node;
        unsigned int nr = 0;

        for_each_node_mask(node, cpuset_current_mems_allowed)
                nr += array[node];

        return nr;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
static int hugetlb_sysctl_handler_common(bool obey_mempolicy,
                         struct ctl_table *table, int write,
                         void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        struct hstate *h = &default_hstate;
        unsigned long tmp;

        if (!write)
                tmp = h->max_huge_pages;

        table->data = &tmp;
        table->maxlen = sizeof(unsigned long);
        proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);

        if (write) {
                NODEMASK_ALLOC(nodemask_t, nodes_allowed,
                                                GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NORETRY);
                if (!(obey_mempolicy &&
                               init_nodemask_of_mempolicy(nodes_allowed))) {
                        NODEMASK_FREE(nodes_allowed);
                        nodes_allowed = &node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY];
                }
                h->max_huge_pages = set_max_huge_pages(h, tmp, nodes_allowed);

                if (nodes_allowed != &node_states[N_HIGH_MEMORY])
                        NODEMASK_FREE(nodes_allowed);
        }

        return 0;
}

int hugetlb_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
                          void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{

        return hugetlb_sysctl_handler_common(false, table, write,
                                                        buffer, length, ppos);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
int hugetlb_mempolicy_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
                          void __user *buffer, size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        return hugetlb_sysctl_handler_common(true, table, write,
                                                        buffer, length, ppos);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_NUMA */

int hugetlb_treat_movable_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
                        void __user *buffer,
                        size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        proc_dointvec(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);
        if (hugepages_treat_as_movable)
                htlb_alloc_mask = GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE;
        else
                htlb_alloc_mask = GFP_HIGHUSER;
        return 0;
}

int hugetlb_overcommit_handler(struct ctl_table *table, int write,
                        void __user *buffer,
                        size_t *length, loff_t *ppos)
{
        struct hstate *h = &default_hstate;
        unsigned long tmp;

        if (!write)
                tmp = h->nr_overcommit_huge_pages;

        table->data = &tmp;
        table->maxlen = sizeof(unsigned long);
        proc_doulongvec_minmax(table, write, buffer, length, ppos);

        if (write) {
                spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
                h->nr_overcommit_huge_pages = tmp;
                spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
        }

        return 0;
}

#endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */

void hugetlb_report_meminfo(struct seq_file *m)
{
        struct hstate *h = &default_hstate;
        seq_printf(m,
                        "HugePages_Total:   %5lu\n"
                        "HugePages_Free:    %5lu\n"
                        "HugePages_Rsvd:    %5lu\n"
                        "HugePages_Surp:    %5lu\n"
                        "Hugepagesize:   %8lu kB\n",
                        h->nr_huge_pages,
                        h->free_huge_pages,
                        h->resv_huge_pages,
                        h->surplus_huge_pages,
                        1UL << (huge_page_order(h) + PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
}

int hugetlb_report_node_meminfo(int nid, char *buf)
{
        struct hstate *h = &default_hstate;
        return sprintf(buf,
                "Node %d HugePages_Total: %5u\n"
                "Node %d HugePages_Free:  %5u\n"
                "Node %d HugePages_Surp:  %5u\n",
                nid, h->nr_huge_pages_node[nid],
                nid, h->free_huge_pages_node[nid],
                nid, h->surplus_huge_pages_node[nid]);
}

/* Return the number pages of memory we physically have, in PAGE_SIZE units. */
unsigned long hugetlb_total_pages(void)
{
        struct hstate *h = &default_hstate;
        return h->nr_huge_pages * pages_per_huge_page(h);
}

static int hugetlb_acct_memory(struct hstate *h, long delta)
{
        int ret = -ENOMEM;

        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        /*
         * When cpuset is configured, it breaks the strict hugetlb page
         * reservation as the accounting is done on a global variable. Such
         * reservation is completely rubbish in the presence of cpuset because
         * the reservation is not checked against page availability for the
         * current cpuset. Application can still potentially OOM'ed by kernel
         * with lack of free htlb page in cpuset that the task is in.
         * Attempt to enforce strict accounting with cpuset is almost
         * impossible (or too ugly) because cpuset is too fluid that
         * task or memory node can be dynamically moved between cpusets.
         *
         * The change of semantics for shared hugetlb mapping with cpuset is
         * undesirable. However, in order to preserve some of the semantics,
         * we fall back to check against current free page availability as
         * a best attempt and hopefully to minimize the impact of changing
         * semantics that cpuset has.
         */
        if (delta > 0) {
                if (gather_surplus_pages(h, delta) < 0)
                        goto out;

                if (delta > cpuset_mems_nr(h->free_huge_pages_node)) {
                        return_unused_surplus_pages(h, delta);
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        ret = 0;
        if (delta < 0)
                return_unused_surplus_pages(h, (unsigned long) -delta);

out:
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
        return ret;
}

static void hugetlb_vm_op_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        struct resv_map *reservations = vma_resv_map(vma);

        /*
         * This new VMA should share its siblings reservation map if present.
         * The VMA will only ever have a valid reservation map pointer where
         * it is being copied for another still existing VMA.  As that VMA
         * has a reference to the reservation map it cannot dissappear until
         * after this open call completes.  It is therefore safe to take a
         * new reference here without additional locking.
         */
        if (reservations)
                kref_get(&reservations->refs);
}

static void hugetlb_vm_op_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
        struct resv_map *reservations = vma_resv_map(vma);
        unsigned long reserve;
        unsigned long start;
        unsigned long end;

        if (reservations) {
                start = vma_hugecache_offset(h, vma, vma->vm_start);
                end = vma_hugecache_offset(h, vma, vma->vm_end);

                reserve = (end - start) -
                        region_count(&reservations->regions, start, end);

                kref_put(&reservations->refs, resv_map_release);

                if (reserve) {
                        hugetlb_acct_memory(h, -reserve);
                        hugetlb_put_quota(vma->vm_file->f_mapping, reserve);
                }
        }
}

/*
 * We cannot handle pagefaults against hugetlb pages at all.  They cause
 * handle_mm_fault() to try to instantiate regular-sized pages in the
 * hugegpage VMA.  do_page_fault() is supposed to trap this, so BUG is we get
 * this far.
 */
static int hugetlb_vm_op_fault(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
        BUG();
        return 0;
}

const struct vm_operations_struct hugetlb_vm_ops = {
        .fault = hugetlb_vm_op_fault,
        .open = hugetlb_vm_op_open,
        .close = hugetlb_vm_op_close,
};

static pte_t make_huge_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct page *page,
                                int writable)
{
        pte_t entry;

        if (writable) {
                entry =
                    pte_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot)));
        } else {
                entry = huge_pte_wrprotect(mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot));
        }
        entry = pte_mkyoung(entry);
        entry = pte_mkhuge(entry);

        return entry;
}

static void set_huge_ptep_writable(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                   unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep)
{
        pte_t entry;

        entry = pte_mkwrite(pte_mkdirty(huge_ptep_get(ptep)));
        if (huge_ptep_set_access_flags(vma, address, ptep, entry, 1)) {
                update_mmu_cache(vma, address, ptep);
        }
}


int copy_hugetlb_page_range(struct mm_struct *dst, struct mm_struct *src,
                            struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
        pte_t *src_pte, *dst_pte, entry;
        struct page *ptepage;
        unsigned long addr;
        int cow;
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
        unsigned long sz = huge_page_size(h);

        cow = (vma->vm_flags & (VM_SHARED | VM_MAYWRITE)) == VM_MAYWRITE;

        for (addr = vma->vm_start; addr < vma->vm_end; addr += sz) {
                src_pte = huge_pte_offset(src, addr);
                if (!src_pte)
                        continue;
                dst_pte = huge_pte_alloc(dst, addr, sz);
                if (!dst_pte)
                        goto nomem;

                /* If the pagetables are shared don't copy or take references */
                if (dst_pte == src_pte)
                        continue;

                spin_lock(&dst->page_table_lock);
                spin_lock_nested(&src->page_table_lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);
                if (!huge_pte_none(huge_ptep_get(src_pte))) {
                        if (cow)
                                huge_ptep_set_wrprotect(src, addr, src_pte);
                        entry = huge_ptep_get(src_pte);
                        ptepage = pte_page(entry);
                        get_page(ptepage);
                        page_dup_rmap(ptepage);
                        set_huge_pte_at(dst, addr, dst_pte, entry);
                }
                spin_unlock(&src->page_table_lock);
                spin_unlock(&dst->page_table_lock);
        }
        return 0;

nomem:
        return -ENOMEM;
}

static int is_hugetlb_entry_migration(pte_t pte)
{
        swp_entry_t swp;

        if (huge_pte_none(pte) || pte_present(pte))
                return 0;
        swp = pte_to_swp_entry(pte);
        if (non_swap_entry(swp) && is_migration_entry(swp)) {
                return 1;
        } else
                return 0;
}

static int is_hugetlb_entry_hwpoisoned(pte_t pte)
{
        swp_entry_t swp;

        if (huge_pte_none(pte) || pte_present(pte))
                return 0;
        swp = pte_to_swp_entry(pte);
        if (non_swap_entry(swp) && is_hwpoison_entry(swp)) {
                return 1;
        } else
                return 0;
}

void __unmap_hugepage_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
                            unsigned long end, struct page *ref_page)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        unsigned long address;
        pte_t *ptep;
        pte_t pte;
        struct page *page;
        struct page *tmp;
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
        unsigned long sz = huge_page_size(h);

        /*
         * A page gathering list, protected by per file i_mmap_lock. The
         * lock is used to avoid list corruption from multiple unmapping
         * of the same page since we are using page->lru.
         */
        LIST_HEAD(page_list);

        WARN_ON(!is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma));
        BUG_ON(start & ~huge_page_mask(h));
        BUG_ON(end & ~huge_page_mask(h));

        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm, start, end);
        spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        for (address = start; address < end; address += sz) {
                ptep = huge_pte_offset(mm, address);
                if (!ptep)
                        continue;

                if (huge_pmd_unshare(mm, &address, ptep))
                        continue;

                /*
                 * If a reference page is supplied, it is because a specific
                 * page is being unmapped, not a range. Ensure the page we
                 * are about to unmap is the actual page of interest.
                 */
                if (ref_page) {
                        pte = huge_ptep_get(ptep);
                        if (huge_pte_none(pte))
                                continue;
                        page = pte_page(pte);
                        if (page != ref_page)
                                continue;

                        /*
                         * Mark the VMA as having unmapped its page so that
                         * future faults in this VMA will fail rather than
                         * looking like data was lost
                         */
                        set_vma_resv_flags(vma, HPAGE_RESV_UNMAPPED);
                }

                pte = huge_ptep_get_and_clear(mm, address, ptep);
                if (huge_pte_none(pte))
                        continue;

                /*
                 * HWPoisoned hugepage is already unmapped and dropped reference
                 */
                if (unlikely(is_hugetlb_entry_hwpoisoned(pte)))
                        continue;

                page = pte_page(pte);
                if (pte_dirty(pte))
                        set_page_dirty(page);
                list_add(&page->lru, &page_list);
        }
        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        flush_tlb_range(vma, start, end);
        mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm, start, end);
        list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp, &page_list, lru) {
                page_remove_rmap(page);
                list_del(&page->lru);
                put_page(page);
        }
}

void unmap_hugepage_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
                          unsigned long end, struct page *ref_page)
{
        spin_lock(&vma->vm_file->f_mapping->i_mmap_lock);
        __unmap_hugepage_range(vma, start, end, ref_page);
        spin_unlock(&vma->vm_file->f_mapping->i_mmap_lock);
}

/*
 * This is called when the original mapper is failing to COW a MAP_PRIVATE
 * mappping it owns the reserve page for. The intention is to unmap the page
 * from other VMAs and let the children be SIGKILLed if they are faulting the
 * same region.
 */
static int unmap_ref_private(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                struct page *page, unsigned long address)
{
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
        struct vm_area_struct *iter_vma;
        struct address_space *mapping;
        struct prio_tree_iter iter;
        pgoff_t pgoff;

        /*
         * vm_pgoff is in PAGE_SIZE units, hence the different calculation
         * from page cache lookup which is in HPAGE_SIZE units.
         */
        address = address & huge_page_mask(h);
        pgoff = ((address - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT)
                + (vma->vm_pgoff >> PAGE_SHIFT);
        mapping = (struct address_space *)page_private(page);

        /*
         * Take the mapping lock for the duration of the table walk. As
         * this mapping should be shared between all the VMAs,
         * __unmap_hugepage_range() is called as the lock is already held
         */
        spin_lock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock);
        vma_prio_tree_foreach(iter_vma, &iter, &mapping->i_mmap, pgoff, pgoff) {
                /* Do not unmap the current VMA */
                if (iter_vma == vma)
                        continue;

                /*
                 * Unmap the page from other VMAs without their own reserves.
                 * They get marked to be SIGKILLed if they fault in these
                 * areas. This is because a future no-page fault on this VMA
                 * could insert a zeroed page instead of the data existing
                 * from the time of fork. This would look like data corruption
                 */
                if (!is_vma_resv_set(iter_vma, HPAGE_RESV_OWNER))
                        __unmap_hugepage_range(iter_vma,
                                address, address + huge_page_size(h),
                                page);
        }
        spin_unlock(&mapping->i_mmap_lock);

        return 1;
}

/*
 * Hugetlb_cow() should be called with page lock of the original hugepage held.
 */
static int hugetlb_cow(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                        unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep, pte_t pte,
                        struct page *pagecache_page)
{
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
        struct page *old_page, *new_page;
        int avoidcopy;
        int outside_reserve = 0;

        old_page = pte_page(pte);

retry_avoidcopy:
        /* If no-one else is actually using this page, avoid the copy
         * and just make the page writable */
        avoidcopy = (page_mapcount(old_page) == 1);
        if (avoidcopy) {
                if (PageAnon(old_page))
                        page_move_anon_rmap(old_page, vma, address);
                set_huge_ptep_writable(vma, address, ptep);
                return 0;
        }

        /*
         * If the process that created a MAP_PRIVATE mapping is about to
         * perform a COW due to a shared page count, attempt to satisfy
         * the allocation without using the existing reserves. The pagecache
         * page is used to determine if the reserve at this address was
         * consumed or not. If reserves were used, a partial faulted mapping
         * at the time of fork() could consume its reserves on COW instead
         * of the full address range.
         */
        if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE) &&
                        is_vma_resv_set(vma, HPAGE_RESV_OWNER) &&
                        old_page != pagecache_page)
                outside_reserve = 1;

        page_cache_get(old_page);

        /* Drop page_table_lock as buddy allocator may be called */
        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        new_page = alloc_huge_page(vma, address, outside_reserve);

        if (IS_ERR(new_page)) {
                page_cache_release(old_page);

                /*
                 * If a process owning a MAP_PRIVATE mapping fails to COW,
                 * it is due to references held by a child and an insufficient
                 * huge page pool. To guarantee the original mappers
                 * reliability, unmap the page from child processes. The child
                 * may get SIGKILLed if it later faults.
                 */
                if (outside_reserve) {
                        BUG_ON(huge_pte_none(pte));
                        if (unmap_ref_private(mm, vma, old_page, address)) {
                                BUG_ON(page_count(old_page) != 1);
                                BUG_ON(huge_pte_none(pte));
                                spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
                                goto retry_avoidcopy;
                        }
                        WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
                }

                /* Caller expects lock to be held */
                spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
                return -PTR_ERR(new_page);
        }

        /*
         * When the original hugepage is shared one, it does not have
         * anon_vma prepared.
         */
        if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma))) {
                /* Caller expects lock to be held */
                spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
                return VM_FAULT_OOM;
        }

        copy_user_huge_page(new_page, old_page, address, vma);
        __SetPageUptodate(new_page);

        /*
         * Retake the page_table_lock to check for racing updates
         * before the page tables are altered
         */
        spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        ptep = huge_pte_offset(mm, address & huge_page_mask(h));
        if (likely(pte_same(huge_ptep_get(ptep), pte))) {
                /* Break COW */
                mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(mm,
                        address & huge_page_mask(h),
                        (address & huge_page_mask(h)) + huge_page_size(h));
                huge_ptep_clear_flush(vma, address, ptep);
                set_huge_pte_at(mm, address, ptep,
                                make_huge_pte(vma, new_page, 1));
                page_remove_rmap(old_page);
                hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap(new_page, vma, address);
                /* Make the old page be freed below */
                new_page = old_page;
                mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(mm,
                        address & huge_page_mask(h),
                        (address & huge_page_mask(h)) + huge_page_size(h));
        }
        page_cache_release(new_page);
        page_cache_release(old_page);
        return 0;
}

/* Return the pagecache page at a given address within a VMA */
static struct page *hugetlbfs_pagecache_page(struct hstate *h,
                        struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address)
{
        struct address_space *mapping;
        pgoff_t idx;

        mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
        idx = vma_hugecache_offset(h, vma, address);

        return find_lock_page(mapping, idx);
}

/*
 * Return whether there is a pagecache page to back given address within VMA.
 * Caller follow_hugetlb_page() holds page_table_lock so we cannot lock_page.
 */
static bool hugetlbfs_pagecache_present(struct hstate *h,
                        struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address)
{
        struct address_space *mapping;
        pgoff_t idx;
        struct page *page;

        mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
        idx = vma_hugecache_offset(h, vma, address);

        page = find_get_page(mapping, idx);
        if (page)
                put_page(page);
        return page != NULL;
}

static int hugetlb_no_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                        unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep, unsigned int flags)
{
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);
        int ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
        pgoff_t idx;
        unsigned long size;
        struct page *page;
        struct address_space *mapping;
        pte_t new_pte;

        /*
         * Currently, we are forced to kill the process in the event the
         * original mapper has unmapped pages from the child due to a failed
         * COW. Warn that such a situation has occured as it may not be obvious
         */
        if (is_vma_resv_set(vma, HPAGE_RESV_UNMAPPED)) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING
                        "PID %d killed due to inadequate hugepage pool\n",
                        current->pid);
                return ret;
        }

        mapping = vma->vm_file->f_mapping;
        idx = vma_hugecache_offset(h, vma, address);

        /*
         * Use page lock to guard against racing truncation
         * before we get page_table_lock.
         */
retry:
        page = find_lock_page(mapping, idx);
        if (!page) {
                size = i_size_read(mapping->host) >> huge_page_shift(h);
                if (idx >= size)
                        goto out;
                page = alloc_huge_page(vma, address, 0);
                if (IS_ERR(page)) {
                        ret = -PTR_ERR(page);
                        goto out;
                }
                clear_huge_page(page, address, huge_page_size(h));
                __SetPageUptodate(page);

                if (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE) {
                        int err;
                        struct inode *inode = mapping->host;

                        err = add_to_page_cache(page, mapping, idx, GFP_KERNEL);
                        if (err) {
                                put_page(page);
                                if (err == -EEXIST)
                                        goto retry;
                                goto out;
                        }

                        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
                        inode->i_blocks += blocks_per_huge_page(h);
                        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
                        page_dup_rmap(page);
                } else {
                        lock_page(page);
                        if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma))) {
                                ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
                                goto backout_unlocked;
                        }
                        hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap(page, vma, address);
                }
        } else {
                /*
                 * If memory error occurs between mmap() and fault, some process
                 * don't have hwpoisoned swap entry for errored virtual address.
                 * So we need to block hugepage fault by PG_hwpoison bit check.
                 */
                if (unlikely(PageHWPoison(page))) {
                        ret = VM_FAULT_HWPOISON | 
                              VM_FAULT_SET_HINDEX(h - hstates);
                        goto backout_unlocked;
                }
                page_dup_rmap(page);
        }

        /*
         * If we are going to COW a private mapping later, we examine the
         * pending reservations for this page now. This will ensure that
         * any allocations necessary to record that reservation occur outside
         * the spinlock.
         */
        if ((flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED))
                if (vma_needs_reservation(h, vma, address) < 0) {
                        ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
                        goto backout_unlocked;
                }

        spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        size = i_size_read(mapping->host) >> huge_page_shift(h);
        if (idx >= size)
                goto backout;

        ret = 0;
        if (!huge_pte_none(huge_ptep_get(ptep)))
                goto backout;

        new_pte = make_huge_pte(vma, page, ((vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)
                                && (vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)));
        set_huge_pte_at(mm, address, ptep, new_pte);

        if ((flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED)) {
                /* Optimization, do the COW without a second fault */
                ret = hugetlb_cow(mm, vma, address, ptep, new_pte, page);
        }

        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        unlock_page(page);
out:
        return ret;

backout:
        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
backout_unlocked:
        unlock_page(page);
        put_page(page);
        goto out;
}

int hugetlb_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                        unsigned long address, unsigned int flags)
{
        pte_t *ptep;
        pte_t entry;
        int ret;
        struct page *page = NULL;
        struct page *pagecache_page = NULL;
        static DEFINE_MUTEX(hugetlb_instantiation_mutex);
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);

        ptep = huge_pte_offset(mm, address);
        if (ptep) {
                entry = huge_ptep_get(ptep);
                if (unlikely(is_hugetlb_entry_migration(entry))) {
                        migration_entry_wait(mm, (pmd_t *)ptep, address);
                        return 0;
                } else if (unlikely(is_hugetlb_entry_hwpoisoned(entry)))
                        return VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE | 
                               VM_FAULT_SET_HINDEX(h - hstates);
        }

        ptep = huge_pte_alloc(mm, address, huge_page_size(h));
        if (!ptep)
                return VM_FAULT_OOM;

        /*
         * Serialize hugepage allocation and instantiation, so that we don't
         * get spurious allocation failures if two CPUs race to instantiate
         * the same page in the page cache.
         */
        mutex_lock(&hugetlb_instantiation_mutex);
        entry = huge_ptep_get(ptep);
        if (huge_pte_none(entry)) {
                ret = hugetlb_no_page(mm, vma, address, ptep, flags);
                goto out_mutex;
        }

        ret = 0;

        /*
         * If we are going to COW the mapping later, we examine the pending
         * reservations for this page now. This will ensure that any
         * allocations necessary to record that reservation occur outside the
         * spinlock. For private mappings, we also lookup the pagecache
         * page now as it is used to determine if a reservation has been
         * consumed.
         */
        if ((flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) && !pte_write(entry)) {
                if (vma_needs_reservation(h, vma, address) < 0) {
                        ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
                        goto out_mutex;
                }

                if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE))
                        pagecache_page = hugetlbfs_pagecache_page(h,
                                                                vma, address);
        }

        /*
         * hugetlb_cow() requires page locks of pte_page(entry) and
         * pagecache_page, so here we need take the former one
         * when page != pagecache_page or !pagecache_page.
         * Note that locking order is always pagecache_page -> page,
         * so no worry about deadlock.
         */
        page = pte_page(entry);
        if (page != pagecache_page)
                lock_page(page);

        spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        /* Check for a racing update before calling hugetlb_cow */
        if (unlikely(!pte_same(entry, huge_ptep_get(ptep))))
                goto out_page_table_lock;


        if (flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) {
                if (!pte_write(entry)) {
                        ret = hugetlb_cow(mm, vma, address, ptep, entry,
                                                        pagecache_page);
                        goto out_page_table_lock;
                }
                entry = pte_mkdirty(entry);
        }
        entry = pte_mkyoung(entry);
        if (huge_ptep_set_access_flags(vma, address, ptep, entry,
                                                flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE))
                update_mmu_cache(vma, address, ptep);

out_page_table_lock:
        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);

        if (pagecache_page) {
                unlock_page(pagecache_page);
                put_page(pagecache_page);
        }
        unlock_page(page);

out_mutex:
        mutex_unlock(&hugetlb_instantiation_mutex);

        return ret;
}

/* Can be overriden by architectures */
__attribute__((weak)) struct page *
follow_huge_pud(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
               pud_t *pud, int write)
{
        BUG();
        return NULL;
}

int follow_hugetlb_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                        struct page **pages, struct vm_area_struct **vmas,
                        unsigned long *position, int *length, int i,
                        unsigned int flags)
{
        unsigned long pfn_offset;
        unsigned long vaddr = *position;
        int remainder = *length;
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);

        spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        while (vaddr < vma->vm_end && remainder) {
                pte_t *pte;
                int absent;
                struct page *page;

                /*
                 * Some archs (sparc64, sh*) have multiple pte_ts to
                 * each hugepage.  We have to make sure we get the
                 * first, for the page indexing below to work.
                 */
                pte = huge_pte_offset(mm, vaddr & huge_page_mask(h));
                absent = !pte || huge_pte_none(huge_ptep_get(pte));

                /*
                 * When coredumping, it suits get_dump_page if we just return
                 * an error where there's an empty slot with no huge pagecache
                 * to back it.  This way, we avoid allocating a hugepage, and
                 * the sparse dumpfile avoids allocating disk blocks, but its
                 * huge holes still show up with zeroes where they need to be.
                 */
                if (absent && (flags & FOLL_DUMP) &&
                    !hugetlbfs_pagecache_present(h, vma, vaddr)) {
                        remainder = 0;
                        break;
                }

                if (absent ||
                    ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) && !pte_write(huge_ptep_get(pte)))) {
                        int ret;

                        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
                        ret = hugetlb_fault(mm, vma, vaddr,
                                (flags & FOLL_WRITE) ? FAULT_FLAG_WRITE : 0);
                        spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
                        if (!(ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR))
                                continue;

                        remainder = 0;
                        break;
                }

                pfn_offset = (vaddr & ~huge_page_mask(h)) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
                page = pte_page(huge_ptep_get(pte));
same_page:
                if (pages) {
                        pages[i] = mem_map_offset(page, pfn_offset);
                        get_page(pages[i]);
                }

                if (vmas)
                        vmas[i] = vma;

                vaddr += PAGE_SIZE;
                ++pfn_offset;
                --remainder;
                ++i;
                if (vaddr < vma->vm_end && remainder &&
                                pfn_offset < pages_per_huge_page(h)) {
                        /*
                         * We use pfn_offset to avoid touching the pageframes
                         * of this compound page.
                         */
                        goto same_page;
                }
        }
        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        *length = remainder;
        *position = vaddr;

        return i ? i : -EFAULT;
}

void hugetlb_change_protection(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                unsigned long address, unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot)
{
        struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
        unsigned long start = address;
        pte_t *ptep;
        pte_t pte;
        struct hstate *h = hstate_vma(vma);

        BUG_ON(address >= end);
        flush_cache_range(vma, address, end);

        spin_lock(&vma->vm_file->f_mapping->i_mmap_lock);
        spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        for (; address < end; address += huge_page_size(h)) {
                ptep = huge_pte_offset(mm, address);
                if (!ptep)
                        continue;
                if (huge_pmd_unshare(mm, &address, ptep))
                        continue;
                if (!huge_pte_none(huge_ptep_get(ptep))) {
                        pte = huge_ptep_get_and_clear(mm, address, ptep);
                        pte = pte_mkhuge(pte_modify(pte, newprot));
                        set_huge_pte_at(mm, address, ptep, pte);
                }
        }
        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
        spin_unlock(&vma->vm_file->f_mapping->i_mmap_lock);

        flush_tlb_range(vma, start, end);
}

int hugetlb_reserve_pages(struct inode *inode,
                                        long from, long to,
                                        struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                                        int acctflag)
{
        long ret, chg;
        struct hstate *h = hstate_inode(inode);

        /*
         * Only apply hugepage reservation if asked. At fault time, an
         * attempt will be made for VM_NORESERVE to allocate a page
         * and filesystem quota without using reserves
         */
        if (acctflag & VM_NORESERVE)
                return 0;

        /*
         * Shared mappings base their reservation on the number of pages that
         * are already allocated on behalf of the file. Private mappings need
         * to reserve the full area even if read-only as mprotect() may be
         * called to make the mapping read-write. Assume !vma is a shm mapping
         */
        if (!vma || vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE)
                chg = region_chg(&inode->i_mapping->private_list, from, to);
        else {
                struct resv_map *resv_map = resv_map_alloc();
                if (!resv_map)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                chg = to - from;

                set_vma_resv_map(vma, resv_map);
                set_vma_resv_flags(vma, HPAGE_RESV_OWNER);
        }

        if (chg < 0)
                return chg;

        /* There must be enough filesystem quota for the mapping */
        if (hugetlb_get_quota(inode->i_mapping, chg))
                return -ENOSPC;

        /*
         * Check enough hugepages are available for the reservation.
         * Hand back the quota if there are not
         */
        ret = hugetlb_acct_memory(h, chg);
        if (ret < 0) {
                hugetlb_put_quota(inode->i_mapping, chg);
                return ret;
        }

        /*
         * Account for the reservations made. Shared mappings record regions
         * that have reservations as they are shared by multiple VMAs.
         * When the last VMA disappears, the region map says how much
         * the reservation was and the page cache tells how much of
         * the reservation was consumed. Private mappings are per-VMA and
         * only the consumed reservations are tracked. When the VMA
         * disappears, the original reservation is the VMA size and the
         * consumed reservations are stored in the map. Hence, nothing
         * else has to be done for private mappings here
         */
        if (!vma || vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYSHARE)
                region_add(&inode->i_mapping->private_list, from, to);
        return 0;
}

void hugetlb_unreserve_pages(struct inode *inode, long offset, long freed)
{
        struct hstate *h = hstate_inode(inode);
        long chg = region_truncate(&inode->i_mapping->private_list, offset);

        spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
        inode->i_blocks -= (blocks_per_huge_page(h) * freed);
        spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);

        hugetlb_put_quota(inode->i_mapping, (chg - freed));
        hugetlb_acct_memory(h, -(chg - freed));
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE

/* Should be called in hugetlb_lock */
static int is_hugepage_on_freelist(struct page *hpage)
{
        struct page *page;
        struct page *tmp;
        struct hstate *h = page_hstate(hpage);
        int nid = page_to_nid(hpage);

        list_for_each_entry_safe(page, tmp, &h->hugepage_freelists[nid], lru)
                if (page == hpage)
                        return 1;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * This function is called from memory failure code.
 * Assume the caller holds page lock of the head page.
 */
int dequeue_hwpoisoned_huge_page(struct page *hpage)
{
        struct hstate *h = page_hstate(hpage);
        int nid = page_to_nid(hpage);
        int ret = -EBUSY;

        spin_lock(&hugetlb_lock);
        if (is_hugepage_on_freelist(hpage)) {
                list_del(&hpage->lru);
                set_page_refcounted(hpage);
                h->free_huge_pages--;
                h->free_huge_pages_node[nid]--;
                ret = 0;
        }
        spin_unlock(&hugetlb_lock);
        return ret;
}
#endif