NFSv4: Allow user to set the port used by the NFSv4 callback channel
[linux-2.6/linux-acpi-2.6/ibm-acpi-2.6.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
blob309c9cec6e7c576a26e7efda557b84e44eb92844
1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description states the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled.
31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
32         EDD     BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
36         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40         IP_PNP  IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
42         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44         LP      Printer support is enabled.
45         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
46         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
47                         These options have more detailed description inside of
48                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
50         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
51         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
53         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
54         NUMA    NUMA support is enabled.
55         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
56         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
57         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
58         PARISC  The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
59         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
60         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
61         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
62         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
63         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
64         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
65         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
66         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
67         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
68                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
69                         Documentation/scsi/.
70         SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
71         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
72         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
73         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
74         SWSUSP  Software suspend is enabled.
75         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
76         USB     USB support is enabled.
77         USBHID  USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
78         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
79         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
80         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
81         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
82         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
83         X86-64  X86-64 architecture is enabled.
84                         More X86-64 boot options can be found in
85                         Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
87 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
89         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
90         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
91         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
93 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
94 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
95 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
96 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
98 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
99 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
100 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
101 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
102 running once the system is up.
104         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
105                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
106                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
108         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
109                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
110                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
111                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
112                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
113                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
114                         strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
115                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
117                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
119         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
120                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
121                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
123         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
124                         Format: { level | edge | high | low }
126         acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
127                         ACPI will balance active IRQs
128                         default in APIC mode
130         acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
131                         ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
132                         default in PIC mode
134         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
135                         use by PCI
136                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
138         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
139                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
141         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
143         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
145         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
146                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
147                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
149         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
150                         Format: <int>
151                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
152                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
153                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
154                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
156         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
157                         Format: <int>
158                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
159                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
160                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
161                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
163         acpi_fake_ecdt  [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
165         acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
166                         Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
167                         override platform specific driver.
168                         See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
170         enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
171                         Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
172                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
173                         (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
174                         The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
176         disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
177                         Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
178                         Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
180         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
181                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
182                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
184         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
185                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
187         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
188                         Format: <io>
190         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
191                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
193         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
194                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
196         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
197                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
198                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
200         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
201                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
203         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
204                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
206         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
207                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
209         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
210                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
212         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
213                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
214                         Format: <a>,<b>
215                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
217         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
218                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
219                         connected to one of 16 gameports
220                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
222         apc=            [HW,SPARC]
223                         Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
224                         Format: noidle
225                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
226                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
227                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
229         apic=           [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
230                         Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
231                         Change the amount of debugging information output
232                         when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
234         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
235                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
237         applicom=       [HW]
238                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
240         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
241                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
243         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
245         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
247         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
249         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
250                         EzKey and similar keyboards
252         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
254         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set
255                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
257         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
258                         keyboards
260         atkbd.softraw=  [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
261                         Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
263         atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
264                         Use software keyboard repeat
266         autotest        [IA64]
268         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
269                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
271         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
272                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
274         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
275                         Format: <io>,<mode>
277         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
278                         Format: <io>,<mode>
279                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
281         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
282                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
283                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
284                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
286         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
287                         BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
288                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
289                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
291         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
292         blkmtd_erasesz=
293         blkmtd_ro=
294         blkmtd_bs=
295         blkmtd_count=
297         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
298         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as
299                         kernel args too.
300         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
301         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
303         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
304                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
305                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
307         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
309         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
310                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
311                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
312                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
313                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
314                         This option provides an override for these situations.
316         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
317                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
318                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
320         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
322         checkreqprot    [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
323                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
324                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
325                         0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
326                                 any implied execute protection).
327                         1 -- check protection requested by application.
328                         Default value is set via a kernel config option.
329                         Value can be changed at runtime via
330                                 /selinux/checkreqprot.
332         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32,HW] gettimeofday timesource override.
333                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
334                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified
335                         timesource is not avalible, it defaults to PIT.
336                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
338         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
339                         Format: disable
341         cm206=          [HW,CD]
342                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
344         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
345                         Format:
346                         <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
348         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
349                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
351         com90xx=        [HW,NET]
352                         ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
353                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
355         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
356         conmode=
358         console=        [KNL] Output console device and options.
360                 tty<n>  Use the virtual console device <n>.
362                 ttyS<n>[,options]
363                         Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
364                         the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
365                         "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
366                         Default is "9600n8".
368                         See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
370                 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
371                 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
372                         Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
373                         UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
374                         switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
375                         options are the same as for ttyS, above.
377         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
378                         Format:
379                         <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
381         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
382                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
384         crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
385                         [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
386                         hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
388         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
389                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
391         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
392                         Format: <dma>
394         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
395                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
397         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
399         dasd=           [HW,NET]
400                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
402         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
403                         (one device per port)
404                         Format: <port#>,<type>
405                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
407         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
409         decnet=         [HW,NET]
410                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
411                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
413         devfs=          [DEVFS]
414                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
416         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
417                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
419         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
420                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
422         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
423                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
424                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
426         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
427                         support available.
428                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
430         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
432         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
434         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
436         earlyprintk=    [IA-32,X86-64]
437                         earlyprintk=vga
438                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
440                         Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
441                         takes over.
443                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
445                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
447                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
448                         very good.
450                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
451                         console.
453         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
455         eda=            [HW,PS2]
457         edb=            [HW,PS2]
459         edd=            [EDD]
460                         Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
461                         See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
463         eicon=          [HW,ISDN]
464                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
466         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC,HW]
467                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
469         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
470                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
471                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
473         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
474                         Format: {"as" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
475                         See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
476                         Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
478         elfcorehdr=     [IA-32]
479                         Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
480                         image elf header.
481                         See Documentation/kdump.txt for details.
483         enforcing       [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
484                         Format: {"0" | "1"}
485                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
486                         0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
487                         1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
488                         Default value is 0.
489                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
491         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
492                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
493                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
495         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
496                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
497                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
499         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
500                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
501                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
503         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
504                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
506         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
507                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
509         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
510                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
512         floppy=         [HW]
513                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
515         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
516                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
518         gamecon.map[2|3]=
519                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
520                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
521                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
522                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
524         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
526         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
527                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
529         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
530                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
532         gscd=           [HW,CD]
533                         Format: <io>
535         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
537         gus=            [HW,OSS]
538                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
540         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
542         hashdist=       [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
543                         are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
544                         for IA-64, off otherwise.
545                         Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
547         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
549         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
550                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
552         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
553         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
555         highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
556                         size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
557                         highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
558                         size on bigger boxes.
560         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
561                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
563         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
565         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
567         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
568         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
569                              keyboard and can not control its state
570                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
571         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
572         i8042.nokbd     [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
573         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
574                              controller
575         i8042.nopnp     [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
576                              controllers
577         i8042.panicblink=
578                         [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
579                              when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
580         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
581         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
583         i810=           [HW,DRM]
585         i8k.ignore_dmi  [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
586                         indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
587                         hardware.
588         i8k.force       [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
589                         does not match list of supported models.
590         i8k.power_status
591                         [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
592                         (disabled by default)
593         i8k.restricted  [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
594                         capability is set.
596         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
597                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
599         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
600                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
602         ide=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
603                         Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
604                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
606         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
607                         Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
608                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
610         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
611                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
613         idle=           [HW]
614                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
616         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
617                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
619         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
620                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
622         init=           [KNL]
623                         Format: <full_path>
624                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
625                         process.
627         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
628                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
629                         startup.
631         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
633         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
634                         Format: <irq>
636         combined_mode=  [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
637                         mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
638                         (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
639                         useful as well).  Note that using the ide or libata
640                         options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
641                         changing hdc to sdb).
642                         Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
644         inttest=        [IA64]
646         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
647                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
648                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
650         ip=             [IP_PNP]
651                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
653         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
654                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
656         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
657                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
659         irqfixup        [HW]
660                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
661                         for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
662                         firmware running.
664         irqpoll         [HW]
665                         When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
666                         for it. Also check all handlers each timer
667                         interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
668                         firmware running.
670         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
671                         Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
673         isolcpus=       [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
674                         Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
675                         This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
676                         to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
677                         algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
678                         an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
679                         <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
680                         "number of CPUs in system - 1".
682                         This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
683                         alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
684                         tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
685                         suboptimal load balancer performance.
687         isp16=          [HW,CD]
688                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
690         iucv=           [HW,NET]
692         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
693                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
695         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
697         kstack=N        [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
698                         in oops dumps.
700         l2cr=           [PPC]
702         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
703                         disabled it.
705         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
706                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
708         llsc*=          [IA64] See function print_params() in
709                         arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
711         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
712                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
714         lockd.udpport=  [NFS]
716         lockd.tcpport=  [NFS]
718         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
719                         Format: <irq>
721         loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
722                         console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
723                         also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
724                         loglevels are defined as follows:
726                         0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
727                         1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
728                         2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
729                         3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
730                         4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
731                         5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
732                         6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
733                         7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages
735         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
736                         Format: { n | nk | nM }
737                         n must be a power of two.  The default size
738                         is set in the kernel config file.
740         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
741         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
742         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
743         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
744                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
745                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
746                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
747                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
748                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
749                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
750                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
751                                 port specification list means that device IDs
752                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
753                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
754                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
755                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
757         lpj=n           [KNL]
758                         Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
759                         time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
760                         CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
761                         the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
762                         autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
763                         on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
764                         which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
765                         significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
766                         will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
767                         unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
768                         unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
769                         hardware.
771         ltpc=           [NET]
772                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
774         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI] Format:
775                         <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
777         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI] Format:
778                         <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
780         machvec=        [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
781                         (machvec) in a generic kernel.
782                         Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
784         mad16=          [HW,OSS] Format:
785                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
787         maui=           [HW,OSS]
788                         Format: <io>,<irq>
790         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
791                         be mounted
792                         Format: <1-256>
794         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
795                         should make use of
797         max_addr=[KMG]  [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
798                         equal to this physical address is ignored.
800         max_luns=       [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
801                         Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
803         max_report_luns=
804                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
805                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
807         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
809         mcatest=        [IA-64]
811         mcd=            [HW,CD]
812                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
814         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
816         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
818         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
819                         See Documentation/md.txt.
821         mdacon=         [MDA]
822                         Format: <first>,<last>
823                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
825         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
826                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
827                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
828                         [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
829                         address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
830                         could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
832         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
833                         memory.
835         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32] Enable setting of an exact
836                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
837                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
838                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
839                         option description.
841         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
842                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
843                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
845         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
846                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
847                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
849         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
850                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
851                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
853         meye.*=         [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
854                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
856         mga=            [HW,DRM]
858         mousedev.tap_time=
859                         [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
860                         leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
861                         a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
862                         touchpads working in absolute mode only).
863                         Format: <msecs>
864         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
865                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
866         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
867                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
869         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
870                         Format: <io>,<irq>
872         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
873                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
875         MTD_Region=     [MTD] Format:
876                         <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
878         mtdparts=       [MTD]
879                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
881         mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
882                         [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
883                         ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
885         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
887         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
888                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
890         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
892         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
894         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
896         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
898         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
900         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
901                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
902                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
903                         something different and driver-specific.
904                         This usage is only documented in each driver source
905                         file if at all.
907         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
908                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
910         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
911                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
913         nfs.callback_tcpport=
914                         [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
915                         channel should listen.
917         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
919         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
920                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
921                         is present.
923         noalign         [KNL,ARM]
925         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
926                         IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
928         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
929                         all devices.
931         nobats          [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
932                         on "Classic" PPC cores.
934         nocache         [ARM]
936         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
938         noexec          [IA-64]
940         noexec          [IA-32,X86-64]
941                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
942                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
944         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32]
946         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
948         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
949                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
950                         use it.
952         nohalt          [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
953                         function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
954                         power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
955                         interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
956                         in certain environments such as networked servers or
957                         real-time systems.
959         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
960                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
962         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
964         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
965                         initial RAM disk.
967         nointroute      [IA-64]
969         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
971         noltlbs         [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
972                         lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
974         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
976         noresidual      [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
978         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
979                         space.
981         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
982                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
983                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
985         nosbagart       [IA-64]
987         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
989         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
991         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
993         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
995         nowb            [ARM]
997         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
998                         Format: <io>
1000         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
1001                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1003         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS] Format:
1004                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1006         oprofile.timer= [HW]
1007                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1009         optcd=          [HW,CD]
1010                         Format: <io>
1012         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1013                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1014                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1016         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1017                         Format: <timeout>
1019         parkbd.port=    [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1020                         connected to, default is 0.
1021                         Format: <parport#>
1022         parkbd.mode=    [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1023                         0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1024                         Format: <mode>
1026         parport=        [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1027                         Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1028                         Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1029                         IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1030                         ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1031                         possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1032                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1033                         should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1034                         settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1035                         (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1036                         Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1037                         are specified on the command line, starting
1038                         with parport0.
1040         parport_init_mode=      [HW,PPT]
1041                         Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1042                         a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1043                         computer where firmware has no options for setting
1044                         up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1045                         Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1046                         Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1048         pas2=           [HW,OSS] Format:
1049                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1051         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
1052                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1054         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
1056         pcd.            [PARIDE]
1057                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1058                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1060         pci=option[,option...]  [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1061                 off             [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1062                 bios            [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1063                                 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1064                                 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1065                 nobios          [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1066                                 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1067                                 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1068                                 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1069                 conf1           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1070                                 Mechanism 1.
1071                 conf2           [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1072                                 Mechanism 2.
1073                 nosort          [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1074                                 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1075                                 done to get a device order compatible with
1076                                 older kernels.
1077                 biosirq         [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1078                                 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1079                                 on several machines and they hang the machine
1080                                 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1081                                 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1082                                 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1083                                 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1084                                 motherboard.
1085                 rom             [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1086                                 Use with caution as certain devices share
1087                                 address decoders between ROMs and other
1088                                 resources.
1089                 irqmask=0xMMMM  [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1090                                 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1091                                 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1092                                 this way.
1093                 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA        [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1094                                 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1095                                 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1096                                 F0000h-100000h range.
1097                 lastbus=N       [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1098                                 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1099                                 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1100                                 explicitly which ones they are.
1101                 assign-busses   [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1102                                 numbers ourselves, overriding
1103                                 whatever the firmware may have done.
1104                 usepirqmask     [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1105                                 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1106                                 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1107                                 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1108                                 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1109                                 IRQ routing is enabled.
1110                 noacpi          [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1111                                 or for PCI scanning.
1112                 routeirq        Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1113                                 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1114                                 so this option is a temporary workaround
1115                                 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1116                 firmware        [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1117                                 just use the configuration from the
1118                                 bootloader. This is currently used on
1119                                 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1120                                 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1122         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1124         pd.             [PARIDE]
1125                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1127         pdcchassis=     [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1128                         boot time.
1129                         Format: { 0 | 1 }
1130                         See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1132         pf.             [PARIDE]
1133                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1135         pg.             [PARIDE]
1136                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1138         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1139                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1141         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1142                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1143                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1145         pnpacpi=        [ACPI]
1146                         { off }
1148         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
1149                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1151         pnp_reserve_irq=
1152                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1154         pnp_reserve_dma=
1155                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1157         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1158                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1160         pnp_reserve_mem=
1161                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1162                         autoconfiguration.
1163                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1165         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1166                         Format: [schedule,]<number>
1167                         Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1168                         Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1169                                 statistical time based profiling.
1171         processor.max_cstate=   [HW,ACPI]
1172                         Limit processor to maximum C-state
1173                         max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1175         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1176                         before loading.
1177                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1179         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1180                         probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1181         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1182                         per second.
1183         psmouse.resetafter=     [HW,MOUSE]
1184                         Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1185                         (0 = never).
1186         psmouse.resolution=
1187                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1188         psmouse.smartscroll=
1189                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1190                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1192         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1193                         Format:
1194                         <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1196         pt.             [PARIDE]
1197                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1199         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
1201         r128=           [HW,DRM]
1203         raid=           [HW,RAID]
1204                         See Documentation/md.txt.
1206         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1207                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1209         ramdisk_blocksize=      [RAM]
1210                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1212         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1213                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1214                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1216         rdinit=         [KNL]
1217                         Format: <full_path>
1218                         Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1219                         used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1221         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1222                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1223                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1225         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1227         resume=         [SWSUSP]
1228                         Specify the partition device for software suspend
1230         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1231                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1233         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
1234                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1236         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1238         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
1240         rootdelay=      [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1241                         mount the root filesystem
1243         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1245         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1247         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1249         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
1251         sa1100ir        [NET]
1252                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1254         sb=             [HW,OSS]
1255                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1257         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1259         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1260                         Format: <io>,<type>
1261                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1262                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1264         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1265                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1267         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1268                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1270         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1271                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1272                         Format: <integer>
1274         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1275                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1276                         (flags are integer value)
1278         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1280         selinux         [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1281                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
1282                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1283                         0 -- disable.
1284                         1 -- enable.
1285                         Default value is set via kernel config option.
1286                         If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1287                         later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1289         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1291         sg_def_reserved_size=   [SCSI]
1293         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1294                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1296         shapers=        [NET]
1297                         Maximal number of shapers.
1299         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1300                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1302         simeth=         [IA-64]
1303         simscsi=
1305         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1306                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1307                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1309         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1311         smart2=         [HW]
1312                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1314         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1316         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1318         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1320         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1322         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1324         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1326         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1328         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1330         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1332         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1334         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1336         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1338         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1340         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1342         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1344         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1346         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1348         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1350         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1352         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1354         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1356         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1358         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1360         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1362         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1364         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1366         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1368         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1370         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1372         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1374         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1376         snd-interwave-stb=
1377                         [HW,ALSA]
1379         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1381         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1383         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1385         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1387         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1389         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1391         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1392                         [HW,ALSA]
1394         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1395                         [HW,ALSA]
1397         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1399         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1401         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1403         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1405         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1407         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1409         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1411         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1413         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1415         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1417         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1419         snd-sun-amd7930=
1420                         [HW,ALSA]
1422         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1424         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1426         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1428         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1430         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1432         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1434         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1436         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1437                         Format: <reverb>
1439         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1440                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1442         sonypi.*=       [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1443                         See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1445         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1446                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1448         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1449         spia_fio_base=
1450         spia_pedr=
1451         spia_peddr=
1453         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1454                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1456         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1457                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1459         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1460                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1462         sti=            [PARISC,HW]
1463                         Format: <num>
1464                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1465                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1466                         as the initial boot-console.
1467                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1469         sti_font=       [HW]
1470                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1472         stifb=          [HW]
1473                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1475         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1477         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1479         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1480                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1482         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1483                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1485         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1487         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1488                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1490         time            Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1492         tipar.timeout=  [HW,PPT]
1493                         Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1494                         (default 15).
1496         tipar.delay=    [HW,PPT]
1497                         Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1499         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1500                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1502         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1503                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1504                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1506         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1508         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1509                         Format:
1510                         <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1512         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1513         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1515         turbografx.map[2|3]=    [HW,JOY]
1516                         TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1517                         Format:
1518                         <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1519                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1521         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1522                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1524         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1525                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1527         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1528                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1530         usbhid.mousepoll=
1531                         [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1533         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1534                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1536         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1537                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1538                         Documentation/svga.txt.
1539                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1540                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1541                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1543         vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1544                         size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1545                         minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1546                         decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1547                         mapped kernel RAM.
1549         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1551         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390]
1553         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1554                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1556         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1557                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1559         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1560                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1562         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1563                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1565         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1566         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1568         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1569                         Format:
1570                         <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1573 ______________________________________________________________________
1574 Changelog:
1576 2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1577         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1579 2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1580                 Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1581         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1582         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1583         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1584         reformatting.
1586 2005-10-19      Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
1587         Lots of typos, whitespace, some reformatting.
1589 TODO:
1591         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1592         Add more DRM drivers.