1 Linux power supply class
2 ========================
6 Power supply class used to represent battery, UPS, AC or DC power supply
7 properties to user-space.
9 It defines core set of attributes, which should be applicable to (almost)
10 every power supply out there. Attributes are available via sysfs and uevent
13 Each attribute has well defined meaning, up to unit of measure used. While
14 the attributes provided are believed to be universally applicable to any
15 power supply, specific monitoring hardware may not be able to provide them
16 all, so any of them may be skipped.
18 Power supply class is extensible, and allows to define drivers own attributes.
19 The core attribute set is subject to the standard Linux evolution (i.e.
20 if it will be found that some attribute is applicable to many power supply
21 types or their drivers, it can be added to the core set).
23 It also integrates with LED framework, for the purpose of providing
24 typically expected feedback of battery charging/fully charged status and
25 AC/USB power supply online status. (Note that specific details of the
26 indication (including whether to use it at all) are fully controllable by
27 user and/or specific machine defaults, per design principles of LED
33 Power supply class has predefined set of attributes, this eliminates code
34 duplication across drivers. Power supply class insist on reusing its
35 predefined attributes *and* their units.
37 So, userspace gets predictable set of attributes and their units for any
38 kind of power supply, and can process/present them to a user in consistent
39 manner. Results for different power supplies and machines are also directly
42 See drivers/power/ds2760_battery.c and drivers/power/pda_power.c for the
43 example how to declare and handle attributes.
48 Quoting include/linux/power_supply.h:
50 All voltages, currents, charges, energies, time and temperatures in µV,
51 µA, µAh, µWh, seconds and tenths of degree Celsius unless otherwise
52 stated. It's driver's job to convert its raw values to units in which
56 Attributes/properties detailed
57 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
59 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Charge/Energy/Capacity - how to not confuse ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
61 ~ Because both "charge" (µAh) and "energy" (µWh) represents "capacity" ~
62 ~ of battery, this class distinguish these terms. Don't mix them! ~
64 ~ CHARGE_* attributes represents capacity in µAh only. ~
65 ~ ENERGY_* attributes represents capacity in µWh only. ~
66 ~ CAPACITY attribute represents capacity in *percents*, from 0 to 100. ~
68 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
71 _AVG - *hardware* averaged value, use it if your hardware is really able to
72 report averaged values.
73 _NOW - momentary/instantaneous values.
75 STATUS - this attribute represents operating status (charging, full,
76 discharging (i.e. powering a load), etc.). This corresponds to
77 BATTERY_STATUS_* values, as defined in battery.h.
79 CHARGE_TYPE - batteries can typically charge at different rates.
80 This defines trickle and fast charges. For batteries that
81 are already charged or discharging, 'n/a' can be displayed (or
82 'unknown', if the status is not known).
84 HEALTH - represents health of the battery, values corresponds to
85 POWER_SUPPLY_HEALTH_*, defined in battery.h.
87 VOLTAGE_MAX_DESIGN, VOLTAGE_MIN_DESIGN - design values for maximal and
88 minimal power supply voltages. Maximal/minimal means values of voltages
89 when battery considered "full"/"empty" at normal conditions. Yes, there is
90 no direct relation between voltage and battery capacity, but some dumb
91 batteries use voltage for very approximated calculation of capacity.
92 Battery driver also can use this attribute just to inform userspace
93 about maximal and minimal voltage thresholds of a given battery.
95 VOLTAGE_MAX, VOLTAGE_MIN - same as _DESIGN voltage values except that
96 these ones should be used if hardware could only guess (measure and
97 retain) the thresholds of a given power supply.
99 CHARGE_FULL_DESIGN, CHARGE_EMPTY_DESIGN - design charge values, when
100 battery considered full/empty.
102 ENERGY_FULL_DESIGN, ENERGY_EMPTY_DESIGN - same as above but for energy.
104 CHARGE_FULL, CHARGE_EMPTY - These attributes means "last remembered value
105 of charge when battery became full/empty". It also could mean "value of
106 charge when battery considered full/empty at given conditions (temperature,
107 age)". I.e. these attributes represents real thresholds, not design values.
109 CHARGE_COUNTER - the current charge counter (in µAh). This could easily
110 be negative; there is no empty or full value. It is only useful for
111 relative, time-based measurements.
113 ENERGY_FULL, ENERGY_EMPTY - same as above but for energy.
115 CAPACITY - capacity in percents.
116 CAPACITY_LEVEL - capacity level. This corresponds to
117 POWER_SUPPLY_CAPACITY_LEVEL_*.
119 TEMP - temperature of the power supply.
120 TEMP_AMBIENT - ambient temperature.
122 TIME_TO_EMPTY - seconds left for battery to be considered empty (i.e.
123 while battery powers a load)
124 TIME_TO_FULL - seconds left for battery to be considered full (i.e.
125 while battery is charging)
128 Battery <-> external power supply interaction
129 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
130 Often power supplies are acting as supplies and supplicants at the same
131 time. Batteries are good example. So, batteries usually care if they're
132 externally powered or not.
134 For that case, power supply class implements notification mechanism for
137 External power supply (AC) lists supplicants (batteries) names in
138 "supplied_to" struct member, and each power_supply_changed() call
139 issued by external power supply will notify supplicants via
140 external_power_changed callback.
145 Q: Where is POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_XYZ attribute?
146 A: If you cannot find attribute suitable for your driver needs, feel free
147 to add it and send patch along with your driver.
149 The attributes available currently are the ones currently provided by the
152 Good candidates to add in future: model/part#, cycle_time, manufacturer,
156 Q: I have some very specific attribute (e.g. battery color), should I add
157 this attribute to standard ones?
158 A: Most likely, no. Such attribute can be placed in the driver itself, if
159 it is useful. Of course, if the attribute in question applicable to
160 large set of batteries, provided by many drivers, and/or comes from
161 some general battery specification/standard, it may be a candidate to
162 be added to the core attribute set.
165 Q: Suppose, my battery monitoring chip/firmware does not provides capacity
166 in percents, but provides charge_{now,full,empty}. Should I calculate
167 percentage capacity manually, inside the driver, and register CAPACITY
168 attribute? The same question about time_to_empty/time_to_full.
169 A: Most likely, no. This class is designed to export properties which are
170 directly measurable by the specific hardware available.
172 Inferring not available properties using some heuristics or mathematical
173 model is not subject of work for a battery driver. Such functionality
174 should be factored out, and in fact, apm_power, the driver to serve
175 legacy APM API on top of power supply class, uses a simple heuristic of
176 approximating remaining battery capacity based on its charge, current,
177 voltage and so on. But full-fledged battery model is likely not subject
178 for kernel at all, as it would require floating point calculation to deal
179 with things like differential equations and Kalman filters. This is
180 better be handled by batteryd/libbattery, yet to be written.