2 Glauber Costa <glommer@redhat.com>, Red Hat Inc, 2010
3 =====================================================
5 KVM makes use of some custom MSRs to service some requests.
7 Custom MSRs have a range reserved for them, that goes from
8 0x4b564d00 to 0x4b564dff. There are MSRs outside this area,
9 but they are deprecated and their use is discouraged.
14 The current supported Custom MSR list is:
16 MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK_NEW: 0x4b564d00
18 data: 4-byte alignment physical address of a memory area which must be
19 in guest RAM. This memory is expected to hold a copy of the following
22 struct pvclock_wall_clock {
26 } __attribute__((__packed__));
28 whose data will be filled in by the hypervisor. The hypervisor is only
29 guaranteed to update this data at the moment of MSR write.
30 Users that want to reliably query this information more than once have
31 to write more than once to this MSR. Fields have the following meanings:
33 version: guest has to check version before and after grabbing
34 time information and check that they are both equal and even.
35 An odd version indicates an in-progress update.
37 sec: number of seconds for wallclock.
39 nsec: number of nanoseconds for wallclock.
41 Note that although MSRs are per-CPU entities, the effect of this
42 particular MSR is global.
44 Availability of this MSR must be checked via bit 3 in 0x4000001 cpuid
47 MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME_NEW: 0x4b564d01
49 data: 4-byte aligned physical address of a memory area which must be in
50 guest RAM, plus an enable bit in bit 0. This memory is expected to hold
51 a copy of the following structure:
53 struct pvclock_vcpu_time_info {
58 u32 tsc_to_system_mul;
62 } __attribute__((__packed__)); /* 32 bytes */
64 whose data will be filled in by the hypervisor periodically. Only one
65 write, or registration, is needed for each VCPU. The interval between
66 updates of this structure is arbitrary and implementation-dependent.
67 The hypervisor may update this structure at any time it sees fit until
68 anything with bit0 == 0 is written to it.
70 Fields have the following meanings:
72 version: guest has to check version before and after grabbing
73 time information and check that they are both equal and even.
74 An odd version indicates an in-progress update.
76 tsc_timestamp: the tsc value at the current VCPU at the time
77 of the update of this structure. Guests can subtract this value
78 from current tsc to derive a notion of elapsed time since the
81 system_time: a host notion of monotonic time, including sleep
82 time at the time this structure was last updated. Unit is
85 tsc_to_system_mul: a function of the tsc frequency. One has
86 to multiply any tsc-related quantity by this value to get
87 a value in nanoseconds, besides dividing by 2^tsc_shift
89 tsc_shift: cycle to nanosecond divider, as a power of two, to
90 allow for shift rights. One has to shift right any tsc-related
91 quantity by this value to get a value in nanoseconds, besides
92 multiplying by tsc_to_system_mul.
94 With this information, guests can derive per-CPU time by
97 time = (current_tsc - tsc_timestamp)
98 time = (time * tsc_to_system_mul) >> tsc_shift
99 time = time + system_time
101 flags: bits in this field indicate extended capabilities
102 coordinated between the guest and the hypervisor. Availability
103 of specific flags has to be checked in 0x40000001 cpuid leaf.
106 flag bit | cpuid bit | meaning
107 -------------------------------------------------------------
108 | | time measures taken across
109 0 | 24 | multiple cpus are guaranteed to
111 -------------------------------------------------------------
113 Availability of this MSR must be checked via bit 3 in 0x4000001 cpuid
117 MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK: 0x11
119 data and functioning: same as MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK_NEW. Use that instead.
121 This MSR falls outside the reserved KVM range and may be removed in the
122 future. Its usage is deprecated.
124 Availability of this MSR must be checked via bit 0 in 0x4000001 cpuid
127 MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME: 0x12
129 data and functioning: same as MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME_NEW. Use that instead.
131 This MSR falls outside the reserved KVM range and may be removed in the
132 future. Its usage is deprecated.
134 Availability of this MSR must be checked via bit 0 in 0x4000001 cpuid
137 The suggested algorithm for detecting kvmclock presence is then:
139 if (!kvm_para_available()) /* refer to cpuid.txt */
142 flags = cpuid_eax(0x40000001);
144 msr_kvm_system_time = MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME_NEW;
145 msr_kvm_wall_clock = MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK_NEW;
147 } else if (flags & 0) {
148 msr_kvm_system_time = MSR_KVM_SYSTEM_TIME;
149 msr_kvm_wall_clock = MSR_KVM_WALL_CLOCK;
154 MSR_KVM_ASYNC_PF_EN: 0x4b564d02
155 data: Bits 63-6 hold 64-byte aligned physical address of a
156 64 byte memory area which must be in guest RAM and must be
157 zeroed. Bits 5-2 are reserved and should be zero. Bit 0 is 1
158 when asynchronous page faults are enabled on the vcpu 0 when
159 disabled. Bit 2 is 1 if asynchronous page faults can be injected
160 when vcpu is in cpl == 0.
162 First 4 byte of 64 byte memory location will be written to by
163 the hypervisor at the time of asynchronous page fault (APF)
164 injection to indicate type of asynchronous page fault. Value
165 of 1 means that the page referred to by the page fault is not
166 present. Value 2 means that the page is now available. Disabling
167 interrupt inhibits APFs. Guest must not enable interrupt
168 before the reason is read, or it may be overwritten by another
169 APF. Since APF uses the same exception vector as regular page
170 fault guest must reset the reason to 0 before it does
171 something that can generate normal page fault. If during page
172 fault APF reason is 0 it means that this is regular page
175 During delivery of type 1 APF cr2 contains a token that will
176 be used to notify a guest when missing page becomes
177 available. When page becomes available type 2 APF is sent with
178 cr2 set to the token associated with the page. There is special
179 kind of token 0xffffffff which tells vcpu that it should wake
180 up all processes waiting for APFs and no individual type 2 APFs
183 If APF is disabled while there are outstanding APFs, they will
186 Currently type 2 APF will be always delivered on the same vcpu as
187 type 1 was, but guest should not rely on that.