[PATCH] I2C: Kill common macro abuse in chip drivers
[linux-2.6/linux-acpi-2.6/ibm-acpi-2.6.git] / Documentation / kernel-parameters.txt
blob4924d387a6573223e9877b56d4d28219f9f650b2
1 February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
2                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12         modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18         usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description state the
21 restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
22 restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:
24         ACPI    ACPI support is enabled.
25         ALSA    ALSA sound support is enabled.
26         APIC    APIC support is enabled.
27         APM     Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
28         AX25    Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
29         CD      Appropriate CD support is enabled.
30         DEVFS   devfs support is enabled. 
31         DRM     Direct Rendering Management support is enabled. 
32         EDD     BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
33         EFI     EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
34         EIDE    EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
35         FB      The frame buffer device is enabled.
36         HW      Appropriate hardware is enabled.
37         IA-32   IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
38         IA-64   IA-64 architecture is enabled.
39         IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
40         IP_PNP  IP DCHP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
41         ISAPNP  ISA PnP code is enabled.
42         ISDN    Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
43         JOY     Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
44         LP      Printer support is enabled.
45         LOOP    Loopback device support is enabled.
46         M68k    M68k architecture is enabled.
47                         These options have more detailed description inside of
48                         Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
49         MCA     MCA bus support is enabled.
50         MDA     MDA console support is enabled.
51         MOUSE   Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
52         MTD     MTD support is enabled.
53         NET     Appropriate network support is enabled.
54         NUMA    NUMA support is enabled.
55         NFS     Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
56         OSS     OSS sound support is enabled.
57         PARIDE  The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
58         PARISC  The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
59         PCI     PCI bus support is enabled.
60         PCMCIA  The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
61         PNP     Plug & Play support is enabled.
62         PPC     PowerPC architecture is enabled.
63         PPT     Parallel port support is enabled.
64         PS2     Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
65         RAM     RAM disk support is enabled.
66         S390    S390 architecture is enabled.
67         SCSI    Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
68                         A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
69                         Documentation/scsi/.
70         SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
71         SERIAL  Serial support is enabled.
72         SMP     The kernel is an SMP kernel.
73         SPARC   Sparc architecture is enabled.
74         SWSUSP  Software suspension is enabled.
75         TS      Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
76         USB     USB support is enabled.
77         USBHID  USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
78         V4L     Video For Linux support is enabled.
79         VGA     The VGA console has been enabled.
80         VT      Virtual terminal support is enabled.
81         WDT     Watchdog support is enabled.
82         XT      IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
83         X86-64  X86-64 architecture is enabled.
84                         More X86-64 boot options can be found in
85                         Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
87 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
89         BUGS=   Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
90         KNL     Is a kernel start-up parameter.
91         BOOT    Is a boot loader parameter.
93 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
94 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
95 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
96 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
98 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
99 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
100 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
101 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
102 running once the system is up.
104         53c7xx=         [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
105                         See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
106                         See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
108         acpi=           [HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 
109                         Format: { force | off | ht | strict }
110                         force -- enable ACPI if default was off
111                         off -- disable ACPI if default was on
112                         noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
113                         ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
114                         strict --  Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
115                                 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
117                         See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
119         acpi_sleep=     [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
120                         Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
121                         See Documentation/power/video.txt
123         acpi_sci=       [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
124                         Format: { level | edge |  high | low }
126         acpi_irq_balance        [HW,ACPI] ACPI will balance active IRQs
127                                 default in APIC mode
129         acpi_irq_nobalance      [HW,ACPI] ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
130                                 default in PIC mode
132         acpi_irq_pci=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, Clear listed IRQs for use by PCI
133                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
135         acpi_irq_isa=   [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, Mark listed IRQs used by ISA
136                         Format: <irq>,<irq>...
138         acpi_osi=       [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
140         acpi_serialize  [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
142         acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
143                         Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
144                         For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
146         acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
147                         Format: <int>
148                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an acpi debug layer,
149                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
150                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
151                         via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
153         acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
154                         Format: <int>
155                         Each bit of the <int> indicates an acpi debug level,
156                         1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
157                         debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
158                         via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
160         acpi_fake_ecdt  [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
162         ad1816=         [HW,OSS]
163                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
164                         See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
166         ad1848=         [HW,OSS]
167                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
169         adlib=          [HW,OSS]
170                         Format: <io>
172         advansys=       [HW,SCSI]
173                         See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
175         advwdt=         [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
176                         Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
178         aedsp16=        [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
179                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
180                         See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
182         aha152x=        [HW,SCSI]
183                         See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
185         aha1542=        [HW,SCSI]
186                         Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
188         aic7xxx=        [HW,SCSI]
189                         See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
191         aic79xx=        [HW,SCSI]
192                         See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
194         AM53C974=       [HW,SCSI]
195                         Format: <host-scsi-id>,<target-scsi-id>,<max-rate>,<max-offset>
196                         See also header of drivers/scsi/AM53C974.c.
198         amijoy.map=     [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
199                         Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
200                         Format: <a>,<b>
201                         See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
203         analog.map=     [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
204                         Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
205                         connected to one of 16 gameports
206                         Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
208         apc=            [HW,SPARC] Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
209                         Format: noidle
210                         Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
211                         not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
212                         APC and your system crashes randomly.
214         apic=           [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity  whilst booting
215                         Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
216                         Change the amount of debugging information output
217                         when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
219         apm=            [APM] Advanced Power Management
220                         See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
222         applicom=       [HW]
223                         Format: <mem>,<irq>
225         arcrimi=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
226                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
228         ataflop=        [HW,M68k]
230         atarimouse=     [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
232         atascsi=        [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
234         atkbd.extra=    [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
235                         EzKey and similar keyboards
237         atkbd.reset=    [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
239         atkbd.set=      [HW] Select keyboard code set 
240                         Format: <int> (2 = AT (default) 3 = PS/2)
242         atkbd.scroll=   [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
243                         keyboards
245         atkbd.softraw=  [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
246                         Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
247         
248         atkbd.softrepeat=
249                         [HW] Use software keyboard repeat
251         autotest        [IA64]
253         awe=            [HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
254                         Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
256         aztcd=          [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
257                         Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
259         baycom_epp=     [HW,AX25]
260                         Format: <io>,<mode>
262         baycom_par=     [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
263                         Format: <io>,<mode>
264                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
266         baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
267                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
268                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
270         baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
271                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
272                         See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
274         blkmtd_device=  [HW,MTD]
275         blkmtd_erasesz=
276         blkmtd_ro=
277         blkmtd_bs=
278         blkmtd_count=
280         bttv.card=      [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
281         bttv.radio=     Most important insmod options are available as kernel args too.
282         bttv.pll=       See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
283         bttv.tuner=     and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
285         BusLogic=       [HW,SCSI]
286                         See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
287                         BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
289         c101=           [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
291         cachesize=      [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
292                         Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
293                         size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
294                         to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
295                         possible to determine what the correct size should be.
296                         This option provides an override for these situations.
298         cdu31a=         [HW,CD]
299                         Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
300                         See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
302         chandev=        [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
304         checkreqprot    [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
305                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
306                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
307                         0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes any implied execute protection).
308                         1 -- check protection requested by application.
309                         Default value is set via a kernel config option.
310                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/checkreqprot.
312         clock=          [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday timesource override. 
313                         Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
314                         when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified timesource
315                         is not avalible, it defaults to PIT. 
316                         Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
318         hpet=           [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
319                         Format: disable
321         cm206=          [HW,CD]
322                         Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
324         com20020=       [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
325                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
327         com90io=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
328                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
330         com90xx=        [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
331                         Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
333         condev=         [HW,S390] console device
334         conmode=
336         console=        [KNL] Output console device and options.
338                 tty<n>  Use the virtual console device <n>.
340                 ttyS<n>[,options]
341                         Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
342                         the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
343                         "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
344                         Default is "9600n8".
346                         See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.
348                 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
349                 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
350                         Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
351                         UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
352                         switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
353                         options are the same as for ttyS, above.
355         cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
356                         Format: <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
358         cpia_pp=        [HW,PPT]
359                         Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
361         cs4232=         [HW,OSS]
362                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
364         cs89x0_dma=     [HW,NET]
365                         Format: <dma>
367         cs89x0_media=   [HW,NET]
368                         Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
370         cyclades=       [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
372         dasd=           [HW,NET]    
373                         See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
375         db9.dev[2|3]=   [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
376                         (one device per port)
377                         Format: <port#>,<type>
378                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
380         debug           [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
382         decnet=         [HW,NET]
383                         Format: <area>[,<node>]
384                         See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
386         devfs=          [DEVFS]
387                         See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.
389         dhash_entries=  [KNL]
390                         Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
392         digi=           [HW,SERIAL]
393                         IO parameters + enable/disable command.
395         digiepca=       [HW,SERIAL]
396                         See drivers/char/README.epca and
397                         Documentation/digiepca.txt.
399         dmascc=         [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
400                         support available.
401                         Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
403         dmasound=       [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
405         dscc4.setup=    [NET]
407         dtc3181e=       [HW,SCSI]
409         earlyprintk=    [IA-32, X86-64]
410                         earlyprintk=vga
411                         earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
413                         Append ,keep to not disable it when the real console
414                         takes over.
416                         Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
418                         Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
420                         Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
421                         very good.
423                         The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
424                         console.
426         eata=           [HW,SCSI]
428         eda=            [HW,PS2]
430         edb=            [HW,PS2]
432         edd=            [EDD]
433                         Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
434                         See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
436         eicon=          [HW,ISDN] 
437                         Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
439         eisa_irq_edge=  [PARISC,HW]
440                         See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
442         elanfreq=       [IA-32]
443                         See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
444                         arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
446         elevator=       [IOSCHED]
447                         Format: {"as"|"cfq"|"deadline"|"noop"}
448                         See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt
449                         and Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
451         enforcing       [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
452                         Format: {"0" | "1"}
453                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
454                         0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
455                         1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
456                         Default value is 0.
457                         Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
459         es1370=         [HW,OSS]
460                         Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
461                         See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.
463         es1371=         [HW,OSS]
464                         Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
465                         See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
467         ether=          [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
468                         This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
469                         has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
471         eurwdt=         [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
472                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
474         fd_mcs=         [HW,SCSI]
475                         See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
477         fdomain=        [HW,SCSI]
478                         See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
480         floppy=         [HW]
481                         See Documentation/floppy.txt.
483         ftape=          [HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
484                         See Documentation/ftape.txt.
486         gamecon.map[2|3]=
487                         [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
488                         support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
489                         Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
490                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
492         gamma=          [HW,DRM]
494         gdth=           [HW,SCSI]
495                         See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
497         gpt             [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
498                         invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
500         gscd=           [HW,CD]
501                         Format: <io>
503         gt96100eth=     [NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller
505         gus=            [HW,OSS]
506                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
508         gvp11=          [HW,SCSI]
510         hashdist=       [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
511                         are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
512                         for IA-64, off otherwise.
514         hcl=            [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
516         hd=             [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
517                         Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
519         hd?=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
520         hd?lun=         See Documentation/ide.txt.
522         highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
523                         size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
524                         highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
525                         size on bigger boxes.
527         hisax=          [HW,ISDN]
528                         See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
530         hugepages=      [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
532         noirqbalance    [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
534         i8042.direct    [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
535         i8042.dumbkbd   [HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
536                              keyboard and can not control its state
537                              (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
538         i8042.noaux     [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
539         i8042.nomux     [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
540                              controller
541         i8042.nopnp     [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
542                              controllers
543         i8042.panicblink=
544                         [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
545                              when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
546         i8042.reset     [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
547         i8042.unlock    [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
549         i810=           [HW,DRM]
551         i8k.force       [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
552                         does not match list of supported models.
553         i8k.power_status
554                         [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
555                         (disabled by default)
556         i8k.restricted  [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
557                         capability is set.
559         ibmmcascsi=     [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
560                         See Documentation/mca.txt.
562         icn=            [HW,ISDN]
563                         Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
565         ide=            [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
566                         Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
567                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
569         ide?=           [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
570                         Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
571                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
572         
573         idebus=         [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
574                         See Documentation/ide.txt.
576         idle=           [HW]
577                         Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
579         ihash_entries=  [KNL]
580                         Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
582         in2000=         [HW,SCSI]
583                         See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
585         init=           [KNL]
586                         Format: <full_path>
587                         Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
588                         process.
590         initcall_debug  [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
591                         for working out where the kernel is dying during
592                         startup.
594         initrd=         [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
596         inport.irq=     [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
597                         Format: <irq>
599         inttest=        [IA64]
601         io7=            [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
602                         See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
603                         arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
605         ip=             [IP_PNP]
606                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
608         ip2=            [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
609                         See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
611         ips=            [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
612                         See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
614         isapnp=         [ISAPNP]
615                         Format: <RDP>, <reset>, <pci_scan>, <verbosity>
617         isolcpus=       [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
618                         Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
619                         This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
620                         to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
621                         algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
622                         an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
623                         <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
624                         "number of CPUs in system - 1".
626                         This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
627                         alternative - manually setting the CPU mask of all tasks
628                         in the system can cause problems and suboptimal load
629                         balancer performance.
631         isp16=          [HW,CD]
632                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
634         iucv=           [HW,NET] 
636         js=             [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
637                         See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
639         keepinitrd      [HW,ARM]
641         kstack=N        [IA-32, X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
642                         in oops dumps.
644         l2cr=           [PPC]
646         lapic           [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS disabled it.
648         lasi=           [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
649                         Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
651         llsc*=          [IA64]
652                         See function print_params() in arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
654         load_ramdisk=   [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
655                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
657         lockd.udpport=  [NFS]
659         lockd.tcpport=  [NFS]
661         logibm.irq=     [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
662                         Format: <irq>
664         loglevel=       All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
665                         console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
666                         also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
667                         loglevels are defined as follows:
669                         0 (KERN_EMERG)          system is unusable
670                         1 (KERN_ALERT)          action must be taken immediately
671                         2 (KERN_CRIT)           critical conditions
672                         3 (KERN_ERR)            error conditions
673                         4 (KERN_WARNING)        warning conditions
674                         5 (KERN_NOTICE)         normal but significant condition
675                         6 (KERN_INFO)           informational
676                         7 (KERN_DEBUG)          debug-level messages
678         log_buf_len=n   Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
679                         Format is n, nk, nM.  n must be a power of two.  The
680                         default is set in kernel config.
682         lp=0            [LP]    Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
683         lp=port[,port...]       lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
684         lp=reset                first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
685         lp=auto                 printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
686                                 specified in addition to the ports) causes
687                                 attached printers to be reset. Using
688                                 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
689                                 to associate lp devices with, starting with
690                                 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
691                                 that lp device, or a parport name such as
692                                 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
693                                 port specification list means that device IDs
694                                 from each port should be examined, to see if
695                                 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
696                                 so, the driver will manage that printer.
697                                 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
699         lpj=n           [KNL]
700                         Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
701                         time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
702                         CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
703                         the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
704                         autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
705                         on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
706                         which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
707                         significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
708                         will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
709                         unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
710                         unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
711                         hardware.
713         ltpc=           [NET]
714                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
716         mac5380=        [HW,SCSI]
717                         Format: <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
719         mac53c9x=       [HW,SCSI]
720                         Format: <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
722         machvec=        [IA64]
723                         Force the use of a particular machine-vector (machvec) in a generic
724                         kernel.  Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
726         mad16=          [HW,OSS]
727                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>
729         maui=           [HW,OSS]
730                         Format: <io>,<irq>
732         max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
733                         be mounted
734                         Format: <1-256>
736         maxcpus=        [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
737                         should make use of
739         max_luns=       [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe
740                         Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
742         max_report_luns=
743                         [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received
744                         Should be between 1 and 16384.
746         mca-pentium     [BUGS=IA-32]
748         mcatest=        [IA-64]
750         mcd=            [HW,CD]
751                         Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
753         mcdx=           [HW,CD]
755         mce             [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
757         md=             [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
758                         See Documentation/md.txt.
760         mdacon=         [MDA]
761                         Format: <first>,<last>
762                         Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
764         mem=nn[KMG]     [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
765                         Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
766                         to see the whole system memory or for test.
767                         [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
768                         address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
769                         could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
771         mem=nopentium   [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
772                         memory.
774         memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32] Enable setting of an exact
775                         E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
776                         Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
777                         BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
778                         option description.
780         memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
781                         [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
782                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
784         memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
785                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
786                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
788         memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
789                         [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
790                         Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
792         meye.*=         [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
793                         See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
795         mga=            [HW,DRM]
797         mousedev.tap_time=
798                         [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
799                         leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
800                         a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
801                         touchpads working in absolute mode only).
802                         Format: <msecs>
803         mousedev.xres=  [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
804                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
805         mousedev.yres=  [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
806                         reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
808         mpu401=         [HW,OSS]
809                         Format: <io>,<irq>
811         MTD_Partition=  [MTD]
812                         Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
814         MTD_Region=     [MTD]
815                         Format: <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
817         mtdparts=       [MTD]
818                         See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
820         mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
821                         [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates ('y', default)
822                         or cooked coordinates ('n')
824         n2=             [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
826         NCR_D700=       [HW,SCSI]
827                         See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
829         ncr5380=        [HW,SCSI]
831         ncr53c400=      [HW,SCSI]
833         ncr53c400a=     [HW,SCSI]
835         ncr53c406a=     [HW,SCSI]
837         ncr53c8xx=      [HW,SCSI]
839         netdev=         [NET] Network devices parameters
840                         Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
841                         Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
842                         something different and driver-specific.
844         nfsaddrs=       [NFS]
845                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
847         nfsroot=        [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
848                         See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
850         nmi_watchdog=   [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
852         no387           [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
853                         emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
854                         is present.
856         noalign         [KNL,ARM] 
858         noapic          [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
859                         IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
861         noasync         [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
862                         all devices.
864         nobats          [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
865                         on "Classic" PPC cores.
867         nocache         [ARM]
869         nodisconnect    [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
871         noexec          [IA-64]
873         noexec          [IA-32, X86-64]
874                         noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
875                         noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
877         nofxsr          [BUGS=IA-32]
879         nohlt           [BUGS=ARM]
881         no-hlt          [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
882                         instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
883                         use it.
885         nohalt          [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
886                         function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
887                         power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
888                         interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
889                         in certain environments such as networked servers or
890                         real-time systems.
892         noirqdebug      [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
893                         disable unhandled interrupt sources.
895         noisapnp        [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
897         noinitrd        [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
898                         initial RAM disk.
900         nointroute      [IA-64]
902         nolapic         [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
904         noltlbs         [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
905                         lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
907         nomce           [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
909         noresidual      [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
911         noresume        [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restore original swap space.
913         no-scroll       [VGA] Disables scrollback.
914                         This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
915                         reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
917         nosbagart       [IA-64]
919         nosmp           [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
921         nosync          [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
923         notsc           [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
925         nousb           [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
927         nowb            [ARM]
929         opl3=           [HW,OSS]
930                         Format: <io>
932         opl3sa=         [HW,OSS]
933                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
935         opl3sa2=        [HW,OSS]
936                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
938         oprofile.timer= [HW]
939                         Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
941         optcd=          [HW,CD]
942                         Format: <io>
944         osst=           [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
945                         Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
946                         See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
948         panic=          [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
949                         Format: <timeout>
951         parkbd.port=    [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
952                         connected to, default is 0.
953                         Format: <parport#>
954         parkbd.mode=    [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
955                         0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
956                         Format: <mode> 
958         parport=0       [HW,PPT]        Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
959         parport=auto                    Use 'auto' to force the driver to use
960         parport=0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]]       any IRQ/DMA settings detected (the
961                                         default is to ignore detected IRQ/DMA
962                                         settings because of possible
963                                         conflicts). You can specify the base
964                                         address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and
965                                         DMA should be numbers, or 'auto' (for
966                                         using detected settings on that
967                                         particular port), or 'nofifo' (to avoid
968                                         using a FIFO even if it is detected).
969                                         Parallel ports are assigned in the
970                                         order they are specified on the command
971                                         line, starting with parport0.
973         parport_init_mode=
974                         [HW,PPT]        Configure VIA parallel port to
975                                         operate in specific mode. This is
976                                         necessary on Pegasos computer where
977                                         firmware has no options for setting up
978                                         parallel port mode and sets it to
979                                         spp. Currently this function knows
980                                         686a and 8231 chips.
981                         Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
983         pas2=           [HW,OSS]
984                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
986         pas16=          [HW,SCSI]
987                         See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
989         pcbit=          [HW,ISDN]
991         pcd.            [PARIDE]
992                         See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
993                         See also Documentation/paride.txt.
995         pci=option[,option...]          [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
996                 off                     [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
997                 bios                    [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
998                                         the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
999                                         has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1000                 nobios                  [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1001                                         hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1002                                         if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1003                                         suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1004                 conf1                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 1.
1005                 conf2                   [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 2.
1006                 nosort                  [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1007                                         order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is done
1008                                         to get a device order compatible with older kernels.
1009                 biosirq                 [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1010                                         routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1011                                         on several machines and they hang the machine when used,
1012                                         but on other computers it's the only way to get the
1013                                         interrupt routing table. Try this option if the kernel
1014                                         is unable to allocate IRQs or discover secondary PCI
1015                                         buses on your motherboard.
1016                 rom                     [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1017                                         Use with caution as certain devices share address
1018                                         decoders between ROMs and other resources.
1019                 irqmask=0xMMMM          [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned
1020                                         automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel
1021                                         exclude IRQs of your ISA cards this way.
1022                 lastbus=N               [IA-32] Scan all buses till bus #N. Can be useful
1023                                         if the kernel is unable to find your secondary buses
1024                                         and you want to tell it explicitly which ones they are.
1025                 assign-busses           [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1026                                         numbers ourselves, overriding
1027                                         whatever the firmware may have
1028                                         done.
1029                 usepirqmask             [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask
1030                                         stored in the BIOS $PIR table. This is
1031                                         needed on some systems with broken
1032                                         BIOSes, notably some HP Pavilion N5400
1033                                         and Omnibook XE3 notebooks. This will
1034                                         have no effect if ACPI IRQ routing is
1035                                         enabled.
1036                 noacpi                  [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1037                                         or for PCI scanning.
1038                 routeirq                Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1039                                         This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1040                                         so this option is a temporary workaround
1041                                         for broken drivers that don't call it.
1043                 firmware                [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but
1044                                         instead just use the configuration
1045                                         from the bootloader. This is currently
1046                                         used on IXP2000 systems where the
1047                                         bus has to be configured a certain way
1048                                         for adjunct CPUs.
1050         pcmv=           [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1052         pd.             [PARIDE]
1053                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1055         pdcchassis=     [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1056                         boot time.
1057                         Format: { 0 | 1 }
1058                         See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1060         pf.             [PARIDE]
1061                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1063         pg.             [PARIDE]
1064                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1066         pirq=           [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1067                         See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1069         plip=           [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1070                         Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1071                         See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1073         pnpacpi=        [ACPI]
1074                         { off }
1076         pnpbios=        [ISAPNP]
1077                         { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1079         pnp_reserve_irq=
1080                         [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1082         pnp_reserve_dma=
1083                         [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1085         pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1086                         Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1088         pnp_reserve_mem=
1089                         [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the autoconfiguration
1090                         Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1092         profile=        [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1093                         { schedule | <number> }
1094                         (param: schedule - profile schedule points}
1095                         (param: profile step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1096                                 statistical time based profiling)
1098         processor.max_cstate=   [HW, ACPI]
1099                         Limit processor to maximum C-state
1100                         max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1102         prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1103                         before loading.
1104                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1106         psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1107                         probe for (bare|imps|exps).
1108         psmouse.rate=   [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1109                         per second.
1110         psmouse.resetafter=
1111                         [HW,MOUSE] Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1112                         (0 = never).
1113         psmouse.resolution=
1114                         [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1115         psmouse.smartscroll=
1116                         [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat,
1117                         0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1119         pss=            [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1120                         Format: <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1122         pt.             [PARIDE]
1123                         See Documentation/paride.txt.
1125         quiet=          [KNL] Disable log messages
1127         r128=           [HW,DRM]
1129         raid=           [HW,RAID]
1130                         See Documentation/md.txt.
1132         ramdisk=        [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1133                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1135         ramdisk_blocksize=
1136                         [RAM]
1137                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1139         ramdisk_size=   [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1140                         New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1141                         See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1143         reboot=         [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1144                         Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1145                         See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.
1147         reserve=        [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1149         resume=         [SWSUSP] Specify the partition device for software suspension
1151         rhash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1152                         Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1154         riscom8=        [HW,SERIAL]
1155                         Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1157         ro              [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1159         root=           [KNL] Root filesystem
1161         rootdelay=      [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1162                         mount the root filesystem
1164         rootflags=      [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1166         rootfstype=     [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1168         rw              [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1170         S               [KNL] Run init in single mode
1172         sa1100ir        [NET]
1173                         See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1175         sb=             [HW,OSS]
1176                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1178         sbni=           [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1180         sbpcd=          [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1181                         Format: <io>,<type>
1182                         See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1183                         drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1185         sc1200wdt=      [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1186                         Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1188         scsi_debug_*=   [SCSI]
1189                         See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1191         scsi_default_dev_flags=
1192                         [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1193                         Format: <integer>
1195         scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1196                         Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1197                         (flags are integer value)
1199         scsi_logging=   [SCSI]
1201         selinux         [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1202                         Format: { "0" | "1" }
1203                         See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1204                         0 -- disable.
1205                         1 -- enable.
1206                         Default value is set via kernel config option.
1207                         If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1208                         later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1210         serialnumber    [BUGS=IA-32]
1212         sg_def_reserved_size=
1213                         [SCSI]
1215         sgalaxy=        [HW,OSS]
1216                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>
1218         shapers=        [NET]
1219                         Maximal number of shapers.
1221         sim710=         [SCSI,HW]
1222                         See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1224         simeth=         [IA-64]
1225         simscsi=
1227         sjcd=           [HW,CD]
1228                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1229                         See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1231         slram=          [HW,MTD]
1233         smart2=         [HW]
1234                         Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1236         snd-ad1816a=    [HW,ALSA]
1238         snd-ad1848=     [HW,ALSA]
1240         snd-ali5451=    [HW,ALSA]
1242         snd-als100=     [HW,ALSA]
1244         snd-als4000=    [HW,ALSA]
1246         snd-azt2320=    [HW,ALSA]
1248         snd-cmi8330=    [HW,ALSA]
1250         snd-cmipci=     [HW,ALSA]
1252         snd-cs4231=     [HW,ALSA]
1254         snd-cs4232=     [HW,ALSA]
1256         snd-cs4236=     [HW,ALSA]
1258         snd-cs4281=     [HW,ALSA]
1260         snd-cs46xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1262         snd-dt019x=     [HW,ALSA]
1264         snd-dummy=      [HW,ALSA]
1266         snd-emu10k1=    [HW,ALSA]
1268         snd-ens1370=    [HW,ALSA]
1270         snd-ens1371=    [HW,ALSA]
1272         snd-es968=      [HW,ALSA]
1274         snd-es1688=     [HW,ALSA]
1276         snd-es18xx=     [HW,ALSA]
1278         snd-es1938=     [HW,ALSA]
1280         snd-es1968=     [HW,ALSA]
1282         snd-fm801=      [HW,ALSA]
1284         snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1286         snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1288         snd-gusmax=     [HW,ALSA]
1290         snd-hdsp=       [HW,ALSA]
1292         snd-ice1712=    [HW,ALSA]
1294         snd-intel8x0=   [HW,ALSA]
1296         snd-interwave=  [HW,ALSA]
1298         snd-interwave-stb=
1299                         [HW,ALSA]
1301         snd-korg1212=   [HW,ALSA]
1303         snd-maestro3=   [HW,ALSA]
1305         snd-mpu401=     [HW,ALSA]
1307         snd-mtpav=      [HW,ALSA]
1309         snd-nm256=      [HW,ALSA]
1311         snd-opl3sa2=    [HW,ALSA]
1313         snd-opti92x-ad1848=
1314                         [HW,ALSA]
1316         snd-opti92x-cs4231=
1317                         [HW,ALSA]
1319         snd-opti93x=    [HW,ALSA]
1321         snd-pmac=       [HW,ALSA]
1323         snd-rme32=      [HW,ALSA]
1325         snd-rme96=      [HW,ALSA]
1327         snd-rme9652=    [HW,ALSA]
1329         snd-sb8=        [HW,ALSA]
1331         snd-sb16=       [HW,ALSA]
1333         snd-sbawe=      [HW,ALSA]
1335         snd-serial=     [HW,ALSA]
1337         snd-sgalaxy=    [HW,ALSA]
1339         snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1341         snd-sun-amd7930=
1342                         [HW,ALSA]
1344         snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1346         snd-trident=    [HW,ALSA]
1348         snd-usb-audio=  [HW,ALSA,USB]
1350         snd-via82xx=    [HW,ALSA]
1352         snd-virmidi=    [HW,ALSA]
1354         snd-wavefront=  [HW,ALSA]
1356         snd-ymfpci=     [HW,ALSA]
1358         sonicvibes=     [HW,OSS]
1359                         Format: <reverb>
1361         sonycd535=      [HW,CD]
1362                         Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1364         sonypi.*=       [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1365                         See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1367         specialix=      [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1368                         See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1370         spia_io_base=   [HW,MTD]
1371         spia_fio_base=
1372         spia_pedr=
1373         spia_peddr=
1375         sscape=         [HW,OSS]
1376                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1378         st=             [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1379                         See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1381         st0x=           [HW,SCSI]
1382                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1384         sti=            [PARISC,HW]
1385                         Format: <num>
1386                         Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1387                         machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1388                         as the initial boot-console.
1389                         See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1391         sti_font=       [HW]
1392                         See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1394         stifb=          [HW]
1395                         Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1397         stram_swap=     [HW,M68k]
1399         swiotlb=        [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1401         switches=       [HW,M68k]
1403         sym53c416=      [HW,SCSI]
1404                         See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1406         t128=           [HW,SCSI]
1407                         See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1409         tdfx=           [HW,DRM]
1411         thash_entries=  [KNL,NET]
1412                         Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1414         time            Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1416         tipar.timeout=  [HW,PPT]
1417                         Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1418                         (default 15).
1420         tipar.delay=    [HW,PPT]
1421                         Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1423         tmc8xx=         [HW,SCSI]
1424                         See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1426         tmscsim=        [HW,SCSI]
1427                         See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1428                         drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1430         tp720=          [HW,PS2]
1432         trix=           [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1433                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1435         tsdev.xres=     [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1436         tsdev.yres=     [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1438         turbografx.map[2|3]=
1439                         [HW,JOY] TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1440                         Format: <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1441                         See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1443         u14-34f=        [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1444                         See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1446         uart401=        [HW,OSS]
1447                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1449         uart6850=       [HW,OSS]
1450                         Format: <io>,<irq>
1452         usb-handoff     [HW] Enable early USB BIOS -> OS handoff
1454         usbhid.mousepoll=
1455                         [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1457         video=          [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1458                         See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1460         vga=            [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1461                         See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and Documentation/svga.txt.
1462                         Use vga=ask for menu.
1463                         This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1464                         passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1466         vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1467                         size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1468                         minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1469                         decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1470                         mapped kernel RAM.
1472         vmhalt=         [KNL,S390]
1474         vmpoff=         [KNL,S390] 
1476         waveartist=     [HW,OSS]
1477                         Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1479         wd33c93=        [HW,SCSI]
1480                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1482         wd7000=         [HW,SCSI]
1483                         See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1485         wdt=            [WDT] Watchdog
1486                         See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1488         xd=             [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1489         xd_geo=         See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1491         xirc2ps_cs=     [NET,PCMCIA]
1492                         Format: <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1496 Changelog:
1498         The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
1499         2000-06-??      Mr. Unknown
1501         Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
1502         references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
1503         PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
1504         reformatting.
1505         2002-11-24      Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
1506                         Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>
1508 TODO:
1510         Add documentation for ALSA options.
1511         Add more DRM drivers.