1 RS485 SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
5 EIA-485, also known as TIA/EIA-485 or RS-485, is a standard defining the
6 electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in balanced
7 digital multipoint systems.
8 This standard is widely used for communications in industrial automation
9 because it can be used effectively over long distances and in electrically
12 2. HARDWARE-RELATED CONSIDERATIONS
14 Some CPUs/UARTs (e.g., Atmel AT91 or 16C950 UART) contain a built-in
15 half-duplex mode capable of automatically controlling line direction by
16 toggling RTS or DTR signals. That can be used to control external
17 half-duplex hardware like an RS485 transceiver or any RS232-connected
18 half-duplex devices like some modems.
20 For these microcontrollers, the Linux driver should be made capable of
21 working in both modes, and proper ioctls (see later) should be made
22 available at user-level to allow switching from one mode to the other, and
25 3. DATA STRUCTURES ALREADY AVAILABLE IN THE KERNEL
27 The Linux kernel provides the serial_rs485 structure (see [1]) to handle
28 RS485 communications. This data structure is used to set and configure RS485
29 parameters in the platform data and in ioctls.
31 Any driver for devices capable of working both as RS232 and RS485 should
32 provide at least the following ioctls:
34 - TIOCSRS485 (typically associated with number 0x542F). This ioctl is used
35 to enable/disable RS485 mode from user-space
37 - TIOCGRS485 (typically associated with number 0x542E). This ioctl is used
38 to get RS485 mode from kernel-space (i.e., driver) to user-space.
40 In other words, the serial driver should contain a code similar to the next
43 static struct uart_ops atmel_pops = {
45 .ioctl = handle_ioctl,
48 static int handle_ioctl(struct uart_port *port,
52 struct serial_rs485 rs485conf;
56 if (copy_from_user(&rs485conf,
57 (struct serial_rs485 *) arg,
65 if (copy_to_user((struct serial_rs485 *) arg,
77 4. USAGE FROM USER-LEVEL
79 From user-level, RS485 configuration can be get/set using the previous
80 ioctls. For instance, to set RS485 you can use the following code:
82 #include <linux/serial.h>
84 /* Driver-specific ioctls: */
85 #define TIOCGRS485 0x542E
86 #define TIOCSRS485 0x542F
88 /* Open your specific device (e.g., /dev/mydevice): */
89 int fd = open ("/dev/mydevice", O_RDWR);
91 /* Error handling. See errno. */
94 struct serial_rs485 rs485conf;
97 rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_ENABLED;
99 /* Set rts delay before send, if needed: */
100 rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_RTS_BEFORE_SEND;
101 rs485conf.delay_rts_before_send = ...;
103 /* Set rts delay after send, if needed: */
104 rs485conf.flags |= SER_RS485_RTS_AFTER_SEND;
105 rs485conf.delay_rts_after_send = ...;
107 if (ioctl (fd, TIOCSRS485, &rs485conf) < 0) {
108 /* Error handling. See errno. */
111 /* Use read() and write() syscalls here... */
113 /* Close the device when finished: */
114 if (close (fd) < 0) {
115 /* Error handling. See errno. */
120 [1] include/linux/serial.h