5 Ext3 was originally released in September 1999. Written by Stephen Tweedie
6 for the 2.2 branch, and ported to 2.4 kernels by Peter Braam, Andreas Dilger,
7 Andrew Morton, Alexander Viro, Ted Ts'o and Stephen Tweedie.
9 Ext3 is the ext2 filesystem enhanced with journalling capabilities.
14 When mounting an ext3 filesystem, the following option are accepted:
17 ro Mount filesystem read only. Note that ext3 will replay
18 the journal (and thus write to the partition) even when
19 mounted "read only". Mount options "ro,noload" can be
20 used to prevent writes to the filesystem.
22 journal=update Update the ext3 file system's journal to the current
25 journal=inum When a journal already exists, this option is ignored.
26 Otherwise, it specifies the number of the inode which
27 will represent the ext3 file system's journal file.
29 journal_dev=devnum When the external journal device's major/minor numbers
30 have changed, this option allows the user to specify
31 the new journal location. The journal device is
32 identified through its new major/minor numbers encoded
35 norecovery Don't load the journal on mounting. Note that this forces
36 noload mount of inconsistent filesystem, which can lead to
39 data=journal All data are committed into the journal prior to being
40 written into the main file system.
42 data=ordered (*) All data are forced directly out to the main file
43 system prior to its metadata being committed to the
46 data=writeback Data ordering is not preserved, data may be written
47 into the main file system after its metadata has been
48 committed to the journal.
50 commit=nrsec (*) Ext3 can be told to sync all its data and metadata
51 every 'nrsec' seconds. The default value is 5 seconds.
52 This means that if you lose your power, you will lose
53 as much as the latest 5 seconds of work (your
54 filesystem will not be damaged though, thanks to the
55 journaling). This default value (or any low value)
56 will hurt performance, but it's good for data-safety.
57 Setting it to 0 will have the same effect as leaving
58 it at the default (5 seconds).
59 Setting it to very large values will improve
62 barrier=<0(*)|1> This enables/disables the use of write barriers in
63 barrier the jbd code. barrier=0 disables, barrier=1 enables.
64 nobarrier (*) This also requires an IO stack which can support
65 barriers, and if jbd gets an error on a barrier
66 write, it will disable again with a warning.
67 Write barriers enforce proper on-disk ordering
68 of journal commits, making volatile disk write caches
69 safe to use, at some performance penalty. If
70 your disks are battery-backed in one way or another,
71 disabling barriers may safely improve performance.
72 The mount options "barrier" and "nobarrier" can
73 also be used to enable or disable barriers, for
74 consistency with other ext3 mount options.
76 orlov (*) This enables the new Orlov block allocator. It is
79 oldalloc This disables the Orlov block allocator and enables
80 the old block allocator. Orlov should have better
81 performance - we'd like to get some feedback if it's
84 user_xattr Enables Extended User Attributes. Additionally, you
85 need to have extended attribute support enabled in the
86 kernel configuration (CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR). See the
87 attr(5) manual page and http://acl.bestbits.at/ to
88 learn more about extended attributes.
90 nouser_xattr Disables Extended User Attributes.
92 acl Enables POSIX Access Control Lists support.
93 Additionally, you need to have ACL support enabled in
94 the kernel configuration (CONFIG_EXT3_FS_POSIX_ACL).
95 See the acl(5) manual page and http://acl.bestbits.at/
98 noacl This option disables POSIX Access Control List
105 bsddf (*) Make 'df' act like BSD.
106 minixdf Make 'df' act like Minix.
108 check=none Don't do extra checking of bitmaps on mount.
111 debug Extra debugging information is sent to syslog.
113 errors=remount-ro Remount the filesystem read-only on an error.
114 errors=continue Keep going on a filesystem error.
115 errors=panic Panic and halt the machine if an error occurs.
116 (These mount options override the errors behavior
117 specified in the superblock, which can be
118 configured using tune2fs.)
120 data_err=ignore(*) Just print an error message if an error occurs
121 in a file data buffer in ordered mode.
122 data_err=abort Abort the journal if an error occurs in a file
123 data buffer in ordered mode.
125 grpid Give objects the same group ID as their creator.
128 nogrpid (*) New objects have the group ID of their creator.
131 resgid=n The group ID which may use the reserved blocks.
133 resuid=n The user ID which may use the reserved blocks.
135 sb=n Use alternate superblock at this location.
137 quota These options are ignored by the filesystem. They
138 noquota are used only by quota tools to recognize volumes
139 grpquota where quota should be turned on. See documentation
140 usrquota in the quota-tools package for more details
141 (http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota).
143 jqfmt=<quota type> These options tell filesystem details about quota
144 usrjquota=<file> so that quota information can be properly updated
145 grpjquota=<file> during journal replay. They replace the above
146 quota options. See documentation in the quota-tools
147 package for more details
148 (http://sourceforge.net/projects/linuxquota).
150 bh (*) ext3 associates buffer heads to data pages to
151 nobh (a) cache disk block mapping information
152 (b) link pages into transaction to provide
154 "bh" option forces use of buffer heads.
155 "nobh" option tries to avoid associating buffer
156 heads (supported only for "writeback" mode).
161 Ext3 shares all disk implementation with the ext2 filesystem, and adds
162 transactions capabilities to ext2. Journaling is done by the Journaling Block
165 Journaling Block Device layer
166 -----------------------------
167 The Journaling Block Device layer (JBD) isn't ext3 specific. It was designed
168 to add journaling capabilities to a block device. The ext3 filesystem code
169 will inform the JBD of modifications it is performing (called a transaction).
170 The journal supports the transactions start and stop, and in case of a crash,
171 the journal can replay the transactions to quickly put the partition back into
174 Handles represent a single atomic update to a filesystem. JBD can handle an
175 external journal on a block device.
179 There are 3 different data modes:
182 In data=writeback mode, ext3 does not journal data at all. This mode provides
183 a similar level of journaling as that of XFS, JFS, and ReiserFS in its default
184 mode - metadata journaling. A crash+recovery can cause incorrect data to
185 appear in files which were written shortly before the crash. This mode will
186 typically provide the best ext3 performance.
189 In data=ordered mode, ext3 only officially journals metadata, but it logically
190 groups metadata and data blocks into a single unit called a transaction. When
191 it's time to write the new metadata out to disk, the associated data blocks
192 are written first. In general, this mode performs slightly slower than
193 writeback but significantly faster than journal mode.
196 data=journal mode provides full data and metadata journaling. All new data is
197 written to the journal first, and then to its final location.
198 In the event of a crash, the journal can be replayed, bringing both data and
199 metadata into a consistent state. This mode is the slowest except when data
200 needs to be read from and written to disk at the same time where it
201 outperforms all other modes.
206 Ext2 partitions can be easily convert to ext3, with `tune2fs -j <dev>`.
207 Ext3 is fully compatible with Ext2. Ext3 partitions can easily be mounted as
213 See manual pages to learn more.
215 tune2fs: create a ext3 journal on a ext2 partition with the -j flag.
216 mke2fs: create a ext3 partition with the -j flag.
217 debugfs: ext2 and ext3 file system debugger.
218 ext2online: online (mounted) ext2 and ext3 filesystem resizer
224 kernel source: <file:fs/ext3/>
227 programs: http://e2fsprogs.sourceforge.net/
228 http://ext2resize.sourceforge.net
230 useful links: http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-fs7.html
231 http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-fs8.html