4 * Manages VM statistics
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
8 * Copyright (C) 2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.,
9 * Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
13 #include <linux/err.h>
14 #include <linux/module.h>
15 #include <linux/slab.h>
16 #include <linux/cpu.h>
17 #include <linux/vmstat.h>
18 #include <linux/sched.h>
20 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
21 DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_event_state
, vm_event_states
) = {{0}};
22 EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(vm_event_states
);
24 static void sum_vm_events(unsigned long *ret
, const struct cpumask
*cpumask
)
29 memset(ret
, 0, NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS
* sizeof(unsigned long));
31 for_each_cpu(cpu
, cpumask
) {
32 struct vm_event_state
*this = &per_cpu(vm_event_states
, cpu
);
34 for (i
= 0; i
< NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS
; i
++)
35 ret
[i
] += this->event
[i
];
40 * Accumulate the vm event counters across all CPUs.
41 * The result is unavoidably approximate - it can change
42 * during and after execution of this function.
44 void all_vm_events(unsigned long *ret
)
47 sum_vm_events(ret
, cpu_online_mask
);
50 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(all_vm_events
);
54 * Fold the foreign cpu events into our own.
56 * This is adding to the events on one processor
57 * but keeps the global counts constant.
59 void vm_events_fold_cpu(int cpu
)
61 struct vm_event_state
*fold_state
= &per_cpu(vm_event_states
, cpu
);
64 for (i
= 0; i
< NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS
; i
++) {
65 count_vm_events(i
, fold_state
->event
[i
]);
66 fold_state
->event
[i
] = 0;
69 #endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG */
71 #endif /* CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS */
74 * Manage combined zone based / global counters
76 * vm_stat contains the global counters
78 atomic_long_t vm_stat
[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS
];
79 EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_stat
);
83 static int calculate_threshold(struct zone
*zone
)
86 int mem
; /* memory in 128 MB units */
89 * The threshold scales with the number of processors and the amount
90 * of memory per zone. More memory means that we can defer updates for
91 * longer, more processors could lead to more contention.
92 * fls() is used to have a cheap way of logarithmic scaling.
94 * Some sample thresholds:
96 * Threshold Processors (fls) Zonesize fls(mem+1)
97 * ------------------------------------------------------------------
114 * 125 1024 10 8-16 GB 8
115 * 125 1024 10 16-32 GB 9
118 mem
= zone
->present_pages
>> (27 - PAGE_SHIFT
);
120 threshold
= 2 * fls(num_online_cpus()) * (1 + fls(mem
));
123 * Maximum threshold is 125
125 threshold
= min(125, threshold
);
131 * Refresh the thresholds for each zone.
133 static void refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(void)
139 for_each_populated_zone(zone
) {
140 threshold
= calculate_threshold(zone
);
142 for_each_online_cpu(cpu
)
143 per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
)->stat_threshold
149 * For use when we know that interrupts are disabled.
151 void __mod_zone_page_state(struct zone
*zone
, enum zone_stat_item item
,
154 struct per_cpu_pageset
*pcp
= this_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
);
156 s8
*p
= pcp
->vm_stat_diff
+ item
;
161 if (unlikely(x
> pcp
->stat_threshold
|| x
< -pcp
->stat_threshold
)) {
162 zone_page_state_add(x
, zone
, item
);
167 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_zone_page_state
);
170 * For an unknown interrupt state
172 void mod_zone_page_state(struct zone
*zone
, enum zone_stat_item item
,
177 local_irq_save(flags
);
178 __mod_zone_page_state(zone
, item
, delta
);
179 local_irq_restore(flags
);
181 EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_zone_page_state
);
184 * Optimized increment and decrement functions.
186 * These are only for a single page and therefore can take a struct page *
187 * argument instead of struct zone *. This allows the inclusion of the code
188 * generated for page_zone(page) into the optimized functions.
190 * No overflow check is necessary and therefore the differential can be
191 * incremented or decremented in place which may allow the compilers to
192 * generate better code.
193 * The increment or decrement is known and therefore one boundary check can
196 * NOTE: These functions are very performance sensitive. Change only
199 * Some processors have inc/dec instructions that are atomic vs an interrupt.
200 * However, the code must first determine the differential location in a zone
201 * based on the processor number and then inc/dec the counter. There is no
202 * guarantee without disabling preemption that the processor will not change
203 * in between and therefore the atomicity vs. interrupt cannot be exploited
204 * in a useful way here.
206 void __inc_zone_state(struct zone
*zone
, enum zone_stat_item item
)
208 struct per_cpu_pageset
*pcp
= this_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
);
209 s8
*p
= pcp
->vm_stat_diff
+ item
;
213 if (unlikely(*p
> pcp
->stat_threshold
)) {
214 int overstep
= pcp
->stat_threshold
/ 2;
216 zone_page_state_add(*p
+ overstep
, zone
, item
);
221 void __inc_zone_page_state(struct page
*page
, enum zone_stat_item item
)
223 __inc_zone_state(page_zone(page
), item
);
225 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inc_zone_page_state
);
227 void __dec_zone_state(struct zone
*zone
, enum zone_stat_item item
)
229 struct per_cpu_pageset
*pcp
= this_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
);
230 s8
*p
= pcp
->vm_stat_diff
+ item
;
234 if (unlikely(*p
< - pcp
->stat_threshold
)) {
235 int overstep
= pcp
->stat_threshold
/ 2;
237 zone_page_state_add(*p
- overstep
, zone
, item
);
242 void __dec_zone_page_state(struct page
*page
, enum zone_stat_item item
)
244 __dec_zone_state(page_zone(page
), item
);
246 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__dec_zone_page_state
);
248 void inc_zone_state(struct zone
*zone
, enum zone_stat_item item
)
252 local_irq_save(flags
);
253 __inc_zone_state(zone
, item
);
254 local_irq_restore(flags
);
257 void inc_zone_page_state(struct page
*page
, enum zone_stat_item item
)
262 zone
= page_zone(page
);
263 local_irq_save(flags
);
264 __inc_zone_state(zone
, item
);
265 local_irq_restore(flags
);
267 EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_zone_page_state
);
269 void dec_zone_page_state(struct page
*page
, enum zone_stat_item item
)
273 local_irq_save(flags
);
274 __dec_zone_page_state(page
, item
);
275 local_irq_restore(flags
);
277 EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state
);
280 * Update the zone counters for one cpu.
282 * The cpu specified must be either the current cpu or a processor that
283 * is not online. If it is the current cpu then the execution thread must
284 * be pinned to the current cpu.
286 * Note that refresh_cpu_vm_stats strives to only access
287 * node local memory. The per cpu pagesets on remote zones are placed
288 * in the memory local to the processor using that pageset. So the
289 * loop over all zones will access a series of cachelines local to
292 * The call to zone_page_state_add updates the cachelines with the
293 * statistics in the remote zone struct as well as the global cachelines
294 * with the global counters. These could cause remote node cache line
295 * bouncing and will have to be only done when necessary.
297 void refresh_cpu_vm_stats(int cpu
)
301 int global_diff
[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS
] = { 0, };
303 for_each_populated_zone(zone
) {
304 struct per_cpu_pageset
*p
;
306 p
= per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, cpu
);
308 for (i
= 0; i
< NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS
; i
++)
309 if (p
->vm_stat_diff
[i
]) {
313 local_irq_save(flags
);
314 v
= p
->vm_stat_diff
[i
];
315 p
->vm_stat_diff
[i
] = 0;
316 local_irq_restore(flags
);
317 atomic_long_add(v
, &zone
->vm_stat
[i
]);
320 /* 3 seconds idle till flush */
327 * Deal with draining the remote pageset of this
330 * Check if there are pages remaining in this pageset
331 * if not then there is nothing to expire.
333 if (!p
->expire
|| !p
->pcp
.count
)
337 * We never drain zones local to this processor.
339 if (zone_to_nid(zone
) == numa_node_id()) {
349 drain_zone_pages(zone
, &p
->pcp
);
353 for (i
= 0; i
< NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS
; i
++)
355 atomic_long_add(global_diff
[i
], &vm_stat
[i
]);
362 * zonelist = the list of zones passed to the allocator
363 * z = the zone from which the allocation occurred.
365 * Must be called with interrupts disabled.
367 void zone_statistics(struct zone
*preferred_zone
, struct zone
*z
)
369 if (z
->zone_pgdat
== preferred_zone
->zone_pgdat
) {
370 __inc_zone_state(z
, NUMA_HIT
);
372 __inc_zone_state(z
, NUMA_MISS
);
373 __inc_zone_state(preferred_zone
, NUMA_FOREIGN
);
375 if (z
->node
== numa_node_id())
376 __inc_zone_state(z
, NUMA_LOCAL
);
378 __inc_zone_state(z
, NUMA_OTHER
);
382 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
383 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
384 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
386 static char * const migratetype_names
[MIGRATE_TYPES
] = {
394 static void *frag_start(struct seq_file
*m
, loff_t
*pos
)
398 for (pgdat
= first_online_pgdat();
400 pgdat
= next_online_pgdat(pgdat
))
406 static void *frag_next(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
, loff_t
*pos
)
408 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= (pg_data_t
*)arg
;
411 return next_online_pgdat(pgdat
);
414 static void frag_stop(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
)
418 /* Walk all the zones in a node and print using a callback */
419 static void walk_zones_in_node(struct seq_file
*m
, pg_data_t
*pgdat
,
420 void (*print
)(struct seq_file
*m
, pg_data_t
*, struct zone
*))
423 struct zone
*node_zones
= pgdat
->node_zones
;
426 for (zone
= node_zones
; zone
- node_zones
< MAX_NR_ZONES
; ++zone
) {
427 if (!populated_zone(zone
))
430 spin_lock_irqsave(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
431 print(m
, pgdat
, zone
);
432 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone
->lock
, flags
);
436 static void frag_show_print(struct seq_file
*m
, pg_data_t
*pgdat
,
441 seq_printf(m
, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat
->node_id
, zone
->name
);
442 for (order
= 0; order
< MAX_ORDER
; ++order
)
443 seq_printf(m
, "%6lu ", zone
->free_area
[order
].nr_free
);
448 * This walks the free areas for each zone.
450 static int frag_show(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
)
452 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= (pg_data_t
*)arg
;
453 walk_zones_in_node(m
, pgdat
, frag_show_print
);
457 static void pagetypeinfo_showfree_print(struct seq_file
*m
,
458 pg_data_t
*pgdat
, struct zone
*zone
)
462 for (mtype
= 0; mtype
< MIGRATE_TYPES
; mtype
++) {
463 seq_printf(m
, "Node %4d, zone %8s, type %12s ",
466 migratetype_names
[mtype
]);
467 for (order
= 0; order
< MAX_ORDER
; ++order
) {
468 unsigned long freecount
= 0;
469 struct free_area
*area
;
470 struct list_head
*curr
;
472 area
= &(zone
->free_area
[order
]);
474 list_for_each(curr
, &area
->free_list
[mtype
])
476 seq_printf(m
, "%6lu ", freecount
);
482 /* Print out the free pages at each order for each migatetype */
483 static int pagetypeinfo_showfree(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
)
486 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= (pg_data_t
*)arg
;
489 seq_printf(m
, "%-43s ", "Free pages count per migrate type at order");
490 for (order
= 0; order
< MAX_ORDER
; ++order
)
491 seq_printf(m
, "%6d ", order
);
494 walk_zones_in_node(m
, pgdat
, pagetypeinfo_showfree_print
);
499 static void pagetypeinfo_showblockcount_print(struct seq_file
*m
,
500 pg_data_t
*pgdat
, struct zone
*zone
)
504 unsigned long start_pfn
= zone
->zone_start_pfn
;
505 unsigned long end_pfn
= start_pfn
+ zone
->spanned_pages
;
506 unsigned long count
[MIGRATE_TYPES
] = { 0, };
508 for (pfn
= start_pfn
; pfn
< end_pfn
; pfn
+= pageblock_nr_pages
) {
514 page
= pfn_to_page(pfn
);
516 /* Watch for unexpected holes punched in the memmap */
517 if (!memmap_valid_within(pfn
, page
, zone
))
520 mtype
= get_pageblock_migratetype(page
);
522 if (mtype
< MIGRATE_TYPES
)
527 seq_printf(m
, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat
->node_id
, zone
->name
);
528 for (mtype
= 0; mtype
< MIGRATE_TYPES
; mtype
++)
529 seq_printf(m
, "%12lu ", count
[mtype
]);
533 /* Print out the free pages at each order for each migratetype */
534 static int pagetypeinfo_showblockcount(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
)
537 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= (pg_data_t
*)arg
;
539 seq_printf(m
, "\n%-23s", "Number of blocks type ");
540 for (mtype
= 0; mtype
< MIGRATE_TYPES
; mtype
++)
541 seq_printf(m
, "%12s ", migratetype_names
[mtype
]);
543 walk_zones_in_node(m
, pgdat
, pagetypeinfo_showblockcount_print
);
549 * This prints out statistics in relation to grouping pages by mobility.
550 * It is expensive to collect so do not constantly read the file.
552 static int pagetypeinfo_show(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
)
554 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= (pg_data_t
*)arg
;
556 /* check memoryless node */
557 if (!node_state(pgdat
->node_id
, N_HIGH_MEMORY
))
560 seq_printf(m
, "Page block order: %d\n", pageblock_order
);
561 seq_printf(m
, "Pages per block: %lu\n", pageblock_nr_pages
);
563 pagetypeinfo_showfree(m
, pgdat
);
564 pagetypeinfo_showblockcount(m
, pgdat
);
569 static const struct seq_operations fragmentation_op
= {
576 static int fragmentation_open(struct inode
*inode
, struct file
*file
)
578 return seq_open(file
, &fragmentation_op
);
581 static const struct file_operations fragmentation_file_operations
= {
582 .open
= fragmentation_open
,
585 .release
= seq_release
,
588 static const struct seq_operations pagetypeinfo_op
= {
592 .show
= pagetypeinfo_show
,
595 static int pagetypeinfo_open(struct inode
*inode
, struct file
*file
)
597 return seq_open(file
, &pagetypeinfo_op
);
600 static const struct file_operations pagetypeinfo_file_ops
= {
601 .open
= pagetypeinfo_open
,
604 .release
= seq_release
,
607 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
608 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx) xx "_dma",
610 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx)
613 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
614 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_dma32",
616 #define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx)
619 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
620 #define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) xx "_high",
622 #define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx)
625 #define TEXTS_FOR_ZONES(xx) TEXT_FOR_DMA(xx) TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_normal", \
626 TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) xx "_movable",
628 static const char * const vmstat_text
[] = {
629 /* Zoned VM counters */
642 "nr_slab_reclaimable",
643 "nr_slab_unreclaimable",
644 "nr_page_table_pages",
662 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
668 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgalloc")
677 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgrefill")
678 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgsteal")
679 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgscan_kswapd")
680 TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgscan_direct")
683 "zone_reclaim_failed",
689 "kswapd_low_wmark_hit_quickly",
690 "kswapd_high_wmark_hit_quickly",
691 "kswapd_skip_congestion_wait",
696 #ifdef CONFIG_HUGETLB_PAGE
697 "htlb_buddy_alloc_success",
698 "htlb_buddy_alloc_fail",
700 "unevictable_pgs_culled",
701 "unevictable_pgs_scanned",
702 "unevictable_pgs_rescued",
703 "unevictable_pgs_mlocked",
704 "unevictable_pgs_munlocked",
705 "unevictable_pgs_cleared",
706 "unevictable_pgs_stranded",
707 "unevictable_pgs_mlockfreed",
711 static void zoneinfo_show_print(struct seq_file
*m
, pg_data_t
*pgdat
,
715 seq_printf(m
, "Node %d, zone %8s", pgdat
->node_id
, zone
->name
);
724 zone_page_state(zone
, NR_FREE_PAGES
),
725 min_wmark_pages(zone
),
726 low_wmark_pages(zone
),
727 high_wmark_pages(zone
),
730 zone
->present_pages
);
732 for (i
= 0; i
< NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS
; i
++)
733 seq_printf(m
, "\n %-12s %lu", vmstat_text
[i
],
734 zone_page_state(zone
, i
));
737 "\n protection: (%lu",
738 zone
->lowmem_reserve
[0]);
739 for (i
= 1; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(zone
->lowmem_reserve
); i
++)
740 seq_printf(m
, ", %lu", zone
->lowmem_reserve
[i
]);
744 for_each_online_cpu(i
) {
745 struct per_cpu_pageset
*pageset
;
747 pageset
= per_cpu_ptr(zone
->pageset
, i
);
758 seq_printf(m
, "\n vm stats threshold: %d",
759 pageset
->stat_threshold
);
763 "\n all_unreclaimable: %u"
764 "\n prev_priority: %i"
766 "\n inactive_ratio: %u",
767 zone
->all_unreclaimable
,
769 zone
->zone_start_pfn
,
770 zone
->inactive_ratio
);
775 * Output information about zones in @pgdat.
777 static int zoneinfo_show(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
)
779 pg_data_t
*pgdat
= (pg_data_t
*)arg
;
780 walk_zones_in_node(m
, pgdat
, zoneinfo_show_print
);
784 static const struct seq_operations zoneinfo_op
= {
785 .start
= frag_start
, /* iterate over all zones. The same as in
789 .show
= zoneinfo_show
,
792 static int zoneinfo_open(struct inode
*inode
, struct file
*file
)
794 return seq_open(file
, &zoneinfo_op
);
797 static const struct file_operations proc_zoneinfo_file_operations
= {
798 .open
= zoneinfo_open
,
801 .release
= seq_release
,
804 static void *vmstat_start(struct seq_file
*m
, loff_t
*pos
)
807 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
812 if (*pos
>= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text
))
815 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
816 v
= kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS
* sizeof(unsigned long)
817 + sizeof(struct vm_event_state
), GFP_KERNEL
);
819 v
= kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS
* sizeof(unsigned long),
824 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM
);
825 for (i
= 0; i
< NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS
; i
++)
826 v
[i
] = global_page_state(i
);
827 #ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
828 e
= v
+ NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS
;
830 e
[PGPGIN
] /= 2; /* sectors -> kbytes */
836 static void *vmstat_next(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
, loff_t
*pos
)
839 if (*pos
>= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text
))
841 return (unsigned long *)m
->private + *pos
;
844 static int vmstat_show(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
)
846 unsigned long *l
= arg
;
847 unsigned long off
= l
- (unsigned long *)m
->private;
849 seq_printf(m
, "%s %lu\n", vmstat_text
[off
], *l
);
853 static void vmstat_stop(struct seq_file
*m
, void *arg
)
859 static const struct seq_operations vmstat_op
= {
860 .start
= vmstat_start
,
866 static int vmstat_open(struct inode
*inode
, struct file
*file
)
868 return seq_open(file
, &vmstat_op
);
871 static const struct file_operations proc_vmstat_file_operations
= {
875 .release
= seq_release
,
877 #endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
880 static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct delayed_work
, vmstat_work
);
881 int sysctl_stat_interval __read_mostly
= HZ
;
883 static void vmstat_update(struct work_struct
*w
)
885 refresh_cpu_vm_stats(smp_processor_id());
886 schedule_delayed_work(&__get_cpu_var(vmstat_work
),
887 round_jiffies_relative(sysctl_stat_interval
));
890 static void __cpuinit
start_cpu_timer(int cpu
)
892 struct delayed_work
*work
= &per_cpu(vmstat_work
, cpu
);
894 INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE(work
, vmstat_update
);
895 schedule_delayed_work_on(cpu
, work
, __round_jiffies_relative(HZ
, cpu
));
899 * Use the cpu notifier to insure that the thresholds are recalculated
902 static int __cpuinit
vmstat_cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block
*nfb
,
903 unsigned long action
,
906 long cpu
= (long)hcpu
;
910 case CPU_ONLINE_FROZEN
:
911 start_cpu_timer(cpu
);
912 node_set_state(cpu_to_node(cpu
), N_CPU
);
914 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE
:
915 case CPU_DOWN_PREPARE_FROZEN
:
916 cancel_rearming_delayed_work(&per_cpu(vmstat_work
, cpu
));
917 per_cpu(vmstat_work
, cpu
).work
.func
= NULL
;
919 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED
:
920 case CPU_DOWN_FAILED_FROZEN
:
921 start_cpu_timer(cpu
);
924 case CPU_DEAD_FROZEN
:
925 refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
933 static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata vmstat_notifier
=
934 { &vmstat_cpuup_callback
, NULL
, 0 };
937 static int __init
setup_vmstat(void)
942 refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
943 register_cpu_notifier(&vmstat_notifier
);
945 for_each_online_cpu(cpu
)
946 start_cpu_timer(cpu
);
948 #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
949 proc_create("buddyinfo", S_IRUGO
, NULL
, &fragmentation_file_operations
);
950 proc_create("pagetypeinfo", S_IRUGO
, NULL
, &pagetypeinfo_file_ops
);
951 proc_create("vmstat", S_IRUGO
, NULL
, &proc_vmstat_file_operations
);
952 proc_create("zoneinfo", S_IRUGO
, NULL
, &proc_zoneinfo_file_operations
);
956 module_init(setup_vmstat
)