1 The cgroup freezer is useful to batch job management system which start
2 and stop sets of tasks in order to schedule the resources of a machine
3 according to the desires of a system administrator. This sort of program
4 is often used on HPC clusters to schedule access to the cluster as a
5 whole. The cgroup freezer uses cgroups to describe the set of tasks to
6 be started/stopped by the batch job management system. It also provides
7 a means to start and stop the tasks composing the job.
9 The cgroup freezer will also be useful for checkpointing running groups
10 of tasks. The freezer allows the checkpoint code to obtain a consistent
11 image of the tasks by attempting to force the tasks in a cgroup into a
12 quiescent state. Once the tasks are quiescent another task can
13 walk /proc or invoke a kernel interface to gather information about the
14 quiesced tasks. Checkpointed tasks can be restarted later should a
15 recoverable error occur. This also allows the checkpointed tasks to be
16 migrated between nodes in a cluster by copying the gathered information
17 to another node and restarting the tasks there.
19 Sequences of SIGSTOP and SIGCONT are not always sufficient for stopping
20 and resuming tasks in userspace. Both of these signals are observable
21 from within the tasks we wish to freeze. While SIGSTOP cannot be caught,
22 blocked, or ignored it can be seen by waiting or ptracing parent tasks.
23 SIGCONT is especially unsuitable since it can be caught by the task. Any
24 programs designed to watch for SIGSTOP and SIGCONT could be broken by
25 attempting to use SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to stop and resume tasks. We can
26 demonstrate this problem using nested bash shells:
34 From a second, unrelated bash shell:
38 <at this point 16990 exits and causes 16644 to exit too>
40 This happens because bash can observe both signals and choose how it
43 Another example of a program which catches and responds to these
44 signals is gdb. In fact any program designed to use ptrace is likely to
45 have a problem with this method of stopping and resuming tasks.
47 In contrast, the cgroup freezer uses the kernel freezer code to
48 prevent the freeze/unfreeze cycle from becoming visible to the tasks
49 being frozen. This allows the bash example above and gdb to run as
52 The freezer subsystem in the container filesystem defines a file named
53 freezer.state. Writing "FROZEN" to the state file will freeze all tasks in the
54 cgroup. Subsequently writing "THAWED" will unfreeze the tasks in the cgroup.
55 Reading will return the current state.
57 Note freezer.state doesn't exist in root cgroup, which means root cgroup
62 # mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer
63 # mount -t cgroup -ofreezer freezer /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer
64 # mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0
65 # echo $some_pid > /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/tasks
67 to get status of the freezer subsystem :
69 # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
72 to freeze all tasks in the container :
74 # echo FROZEN > /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
75 # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
77 # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
80 to unfreeze all tasks in the container :
82 # echo THAWED > /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
83 # cat /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer/0/freezer.state
86 This is the basic mechanism which should do the right thing for user space task
89 It's important to note that freezing can be incomplete. In that case we return
90 EBUSY. This means that some tasks in the cgroup are busy doing something that
91 prevents us from completely freezing the cgroup at this time. After EBUSY,
92 the cgroup will remain partially frozen -- reflected by freezer.state reporting
93 "FREEZING" when read. The state will remain "FREEZING" until one of these
96 1) Userspace cancels the freezing operation by writing "THAWED" to
97 the freezer.state file
98 2) Userspace retries the freezing operation by writing "FROZEN" to
99 the freezer.state file (writing "FREEZING" is not legal
101 3) The tasks that blocked the cgroup from entering the "FROZEN"
102 state disappear from the cgroup's set of tasks.